問題描述

使用Python程式碼，展示如何從Azure AD 中獲取目標資源的 Access Token。

如要了解如何從AAD中獲取 client id，client secret，tenant id，請參考博文：【Azure Developer】Python程式碼通過AAD認證訪問微軟Azure金鑰保管庫(Azure Key Vault)中機密資訊(Secret) 中的操作步驟一欄。

程式碼展示

獲取方式一：使用 azure.identity

1）呼叫 ClientSecretCredential 方法，通過client_id， client_secret ，tenant_id 以及 authority=AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_CHINA，初始化 credentials 物件

2）呼叫物件中的 get_token方法，特別注意引數 scopes 的傳遞，如 "https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default", 如果缺少.default，則會提示引數錯誤(詳見[遇見問題]部分)

print("方式一: ClientSecretCredential")

from azure.identity import ClientSecretCredential

credentials = ClientSecretCredential(client_id='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-76f50363af33', client_secret='.~V9ij1.5Y_F8rL_k8DNpj~RSLFf~H56nH', tenant_id='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-1316152d9587',authority=AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_CHINA)

token =credentials.get_token("https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default")

print(token)

呼叫方式二：使用 azure.common.credentials

1) 呼叫 ServicePrincipalCredentials 方法，同樣通過引數 client_id, secret, tenant, resource 和 china='true' ，初始化 credentials 物件

2) 解析credentials物件，獲取Token中的 access_token屬性值。credentials.token['access_token']

print("方式二: ServicePrincipalCredentials")
from azure.common.credentials import ServicePrincipalCredentials

credentials = ServicePrincipalCredentials(client_id='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-76f50363af33', secret='.~xxxx.xxxx~xxxx~xxxx', tenant='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-1316152d9587', resource='https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/', china='true')

access_token = credentials.token['access_token']
print(access_token)

方式一和方式二執行的結果相同

【Azure Developer】【Python 】使用 azure.identity 和 azure.common.credentials 獲取Azure AD的Access Token的兩種方式

PS: 使用 https://jwt.io/ 可以Decoded token 內容。已可讀方式檢視。

遇見問題

錯誤一：get_token 提示 requires at least one scope。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "client.py", line 7, in <module>
    print(credentials.get_token(scopes=""))
  File "C:\Users\bulu\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\azure\identity\_internal\get_token_mixin.py", line 64, in get_tokent_token_mixin.py", line 64, 
in get_token    raise ValueError('"get_token" requires at least one scope')
ValueError: "get_token" requires at least one scope

錯誤的原因就是輸入的scope引數不正確。需要輸入“https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default" 攜帶.default。

The /.default scope is built in for every application that refers to the static list of permissions configured on the application registration. Source: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-permissions-and-consent#the-default-scope

參考資料

The /.default scope: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-permissions-and-consent#the-default-scope

identity Package: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/python/api/azure-identity/azure.identity?view=azure-python

AzureAuthorityHosts Class：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/python/api/azure-identity/azure.identity.azureauthorityhosts?view=azure-python