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關於kubespray
Kubespray是開源的kubernetes部署工具,整合了ansible,可以方便的部署高可用叢集環境,官網地址:https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray,本文是用kubespray-2.14.2版本部署kuberneteskubernetes-1.18.10版本的實戰;
重要前提
本次實戰採用官方推薦的線上安裝,因此會去谷歌映象倉庫下載映象,需要您的網路可以訪問谷歌服務;
機器資訊
- 因為作者太窮,本次實戰籌集到共計兩臺機器,它們的主機名、IP地址和作用描述如下:
主機名 | IP地址 | 作用 | 作業系統 |
---|---|---|---|
ansible | 192.168.50.134 | ansible主機 | CentOS7 |
node1 | 192.168.50.27 | k8s伺服器 | ubuntu-20.04.1 |
- 可見kubernetes是被部署在ubuntu電腦上;
標準化設定
ubuntu電腦要做以下設定:
- 修改/etc/hostname,設定好主機名
- 修改/etc/hosts,將自己的主機名和IP地址新增進去
- 關閉防火牆
ufw disable
- 再次檢視應該是關閉狀態
root@ideapad:~# ufw status
狀態:不活動
- 關閉selinux,如果提示安裝selinux-utils,表示selinux沒有安裝,就不用關係了
setenforce 0
- ipv4網路設定
modprobe br_netfilter
echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
- 立即禁用交換分割槽
swapoff -a
- 我的電腦上,禁用前的記憶體情況
root@ideapad:~# free -m
總計 已用 空閒 共享 緩衝/快取 可用
記憶體: 31913 551 30288 137 1073 30839
交換: 2047 0 2047
- 執行了swapoff -a後再看,可見全部為0了
root@ideapad:~# free -m
總計 已用 空閒 共享 緩衝/快取 可用
記憶體: 31913 557 30281 137 1073 30833
交換: 0 0 0
- 以上禁用交換分割槽的方法,雖然立即生效了,但是重啟電腦後依舊恢復了交換分割槽的使用,要徹底禁用,請開啟檔案/etc/fstab,在下圖紅框這一行最前面新增#
ansible主機免密碼ssh登入
- ssh登入ansible主機;
- 生成ssh公私鑰,輸入命令ssh-keygen,然後連續四次回車:
- 輸入命令ssh-copy-id root@192.168.50.27,將ansible的ssh分發給ubuntu主機,會要求輸入yes和ubuntu主機的root賬號的密碼,完成輸入後,以後ansible就可以免密碼ssh登入ubuntu主機了:
ansible主機操作
- ssh登入ansible主機;
- 安裝ansible應用:
yum install -y epel-release ansible
- 安裝pip:
easy_install pip
- 通過pip安裝jinja2:
pip2 install jinja2 --upgrade
- 安裝python36:
yum install python36 -y
- 建立工作目錄,進入工作目錄:
mkdir /usr/local/kubespray && cd /usr/local/kubespray/
- 下載kubespray,我這裡下載的是v2.14.2版本:
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/archive/v2.14.2.tar.gz
- 解壓:
tar -zxvf v2.14.2.tar.gz
- 進入解壓後的目錄:
cd kubespray-2.14.2/
- 安裝kubespray所需的應用(注意是pip3):
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
- 複製一份demo配置資訊到目錄inventory/mycluster:
cp -rfp inventory/sample inventory/mycluster
- 進去看一下,可見mycluster目錄下複製了很多檔案:
[root@kubespray kubespray-2.14.2]# tree inventory/
inventory/
├── local
│ ├── group_vars -> ../sample/group_vars
│ └── hosts.ini
├── mycluster
│ ├── group_vars
│ │ ├── all
│ │ │ ├── all.yml
│ │ │ ├── aws.yml
│ │ │ ├── azure.yml
│ │ │ ├── containerd.yml
│ │ │ ├── coreos.yml
│ │ │ ├── docker.yml
│ │ │ ├── gcp.yml
│ │ │ ├── oci.yml
│ │ │ ├── openstack.yml
│ │ │ └── vsphere.yml
│ │ ├── etcd.yml
│ │ └── k8s-cluster
│ │ ├── addons.yml
│ │ ├── k8s-cluster.yml
│ │ ├── k8s-net-calico.yml
│ │ ├── k8s-net-canal.yml
│ │ ├── k8s-net-cilium.yml
│ │ ├── k8s-net-contiv.yml
│ │ ├── k8s-net-flannel.yml
│ │ ├── k8s-net-kube-router.yml
│ │ ├── k8s-net-macvlan.yml
│ │ └── k8s-net-weave.yml
│ └── inventory.ini
└── sample
├── group_vars
│ ├── all
│ │ ├── all.yml
│ │ ├── aws.yml
│ │ ├── azure.yml
│ │ ├── containerd.yml
│ │ ├── coreos.yml
│ │ ├── docker.yml
│ │ ├── gcp.yml
│ │ ├── oci.yml
│ │ ├── openstack.yml
│ │ └── vsphere.yml
│ ├── etcd.yml
│ └── k8s-cluster
│ ├── addons.yml
│ ├── k8s-cluster.yml
│ ├── k8s-net-calico.yml
│ ├── k8s-net-canal.yml
│ ├── k8s-net-cilium.yml
│ ├── k8s-net-contiv.yml
│ ├── k8s-net-flannel.yml
│ ├── k8s-net-kube-router.yml
│ ├── k8s-net-macvlan.yml
│ └── k8s-net-weave.yml
└── inventory.ini
10 directories, 45 files
- 設定叢集資訊(當前目錄仍舊是kubespray-2.14.2):
declare -a IPS=(192.168.50.27)
- 配置ansible:
CONFIG_FILE=inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml python3 contrib/inventory_builder/inventory.py ${IPS[@]}
- 此時kubespray的指令碼根據輸入的IP資訊做好了叢集規劃,具體資訊可見inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml,如下所示,您也可以自行修改此檔案:
[root@kubespray kubespray-2.14.2]# cat inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml
all:
hosts:
node1:
ansible_host: 192.168.50.27
ip: 192.168.50.27
access_ip: 192.168.50.27
children:
kube-master:
hosts:
node1:
kube-node:
hosts:
node1:
etcd:
hosts:
node1:
k8s-cluster:
children:
kube-master:
kube-node:
calico-rr:
hosts: {}
- 執行以下命令即可開始安裝,線上安裝比較耗時請耐心等待:
ansible-playbook -i inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml --become --become-user=root cluster.yml
- 遇到網路問題失敗退出時很常見的事情,此時將上述命令重複執行即可,ansible對於已經執行過的命令會跳過的;
- 安裝完成時控制檯輸出類似如下的資訊(太多了,省略了一些):
Saturday 21 November 2020 17:47:18 +0800 (0:00:00.025) 0:30:03.154 *****
Saturday 21 November 2020 17:47:18 +0800 (0:00:00.024) 0:30:03.179 *****
PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************************************************************************
localhost : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
node1 : ok=591 changed=95 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1131 rescued=0 ignored=0
Saturday 21 November 2020 17:47:18 +0800 (0:00:00.021) 0:30:03.200 *****
===============================================================================
download : download_file | Download item ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1008.61s
kubernetes/preinstall : Update package management cache (APT) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119.25s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42.36s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38.26s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37.31s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36.60s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35.01s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34.00s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30.55s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27.47s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26.78s
kubernetes/master : kubeadm | Initialize first master ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25.98s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23.42s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22.14s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21.50s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20.17s
download : download_container | Download image if required -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17.55s
container-engine/docker : ensure docker packages are installed ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9.73s
kubernetes/master : Master | wait for kube-scheduler --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7.83s
kubernetes-apps/ansible : Kubernetes Apps | Lay Down CoreDNS Template ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.93s
- 至此,kubernetes叢集環境部署完成,接下來簡單驗證一下環境是否可用;
檢查環境
- ssh登入ubuntu機器;
- 檢視節點、service、pod:
root@node1:~# kubectl get node -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
node1 Ready master 104m v1.18.10 192.168.50.27 <none> Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS 5.4.0-54-generic docker://19.3.12
root@node1:~# kubectl get node -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
node1 Ready master 105m v1.18.10 192.168.50.27 <none> Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS 5.4.0-54-generic docker://19.3.12
root@node1:~# kubectl get services --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default kubernetes ClusterIP 10.233.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 105m
kube-system coredns ClusterIP 10.233.0.3 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 104m
kube-system dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.233.12.230 <none> 8000/TCP 104m
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard ClusterIP 10.233.61.24 <none> 443/TCP 104m
root@node1:~# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-6ccb68f9b5-kwqck 1/1 Running 0 104m
kube-system calico-node-4lmpf 1/1 Running 0 104m
kube-system coredns-dff8fc7d-2gnl8 1/1 Running 0 104m
kube-system coredns-dff8fc7d-4vthn 0/1 Pending 0 104m
kube-system dns-autoscaler-66498f5c5f-qh4vb 1/1 Running 0 104m
kube-system kube-apiserver-node1 1/1 Running 0 105m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-node1 1/1 Running 0 105m
kube-system kube-proxy-kk84b 1/1 Running 0 105m
kube-system kube-scheduler-node1 1/1 Running 0 105m
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-667c4c65f8-8ckf5 1/1 Running 0 104m
kube-system kubernetes-metrics-scraper-54fbb4d595-dk42t 1/1 Running 0 104m
kube-system nodelocaldns-d69h9 1/1 Running 0 104m
- 可見一些必須的pod和服務都已經啟動了,接下來試試dashboard能否正常訪問;
訪問dashboard
dashboard可以檢視kubernetes系統的整體情況,為了訪問dashboard頁面,需要增加RBAC:
- ssh登入ubuntu機器;
- 執行以下命令,建立檔案admin-user.yaml:
tee admin-user.yaml <<-'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
EOF
- 執行以下命令,建立檔案admin-user-role.yaml:
tee admin-user-role.yaml <<-'EOF'
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: admin-user
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
EOF
- 建立ServiceAccount和ClusterRoleBinding:
kubectl create -f admin-user.yaml && kubectl create -f admin-user-role.yaml
- 將kubernetes-dashboard這個服務的型別從ClusterIP改為NodePort,這樣我們就能從瀏覽器訪問dashboard了:
kubectl patch svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system \
> -p '{"spec":{"type":"NodePort","ports":[{"port":443,"targetPort":8443,"nodePort":30443}]}}'
- 再看服務,已經成功改為NodePort :
root@node1:~# kubectl get service --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default kubernetes ClusterIP 10.233.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 132m
kube-system coredns ClusterIP 10.233.0.3 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 131m
kube-system dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.233.12.230 <none> 8000/TCP 131m
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.233.61.24 <none> 443:30443/TCP 131m
- 獲取token看,用於登入dashboard頁面:
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
- 下圖紅框中就是token的內容:
9. 現在通過瀏覽器訪問dashboard頁面了,地址是:https://192.168.50.27:30443 ,其中192.168.50.27是ubuntu機器的IP地址;
10. 由於不是https協議,因此瀏覽器可能彈出安全提示,如下圖,選擇繼續前往:
11. 此時頁面會讓您選擇登入方式,選擇令牌並輸入前面得到的token,即可登入:
- 登入成功後可以見到系統資訊,如下圖:
至此,kubespray-2.14.2安裝kubernetes-1.18.10完成,希望本文能給您一些參考。
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