騰訊雲 K8S 叢集實戰 Service Mesh—Linkerd2 & Traefik2 部署 emojivoto 應用

為少發表於2021-06-09

LinkerdKubernetes 的服務網格。 它通過為您提供執行時除錯(runtime debugging)、可觀察性(observability)、可靠性(reliability)和安全性(security),使執行服務更輕鬆、更安全 — 所有這些都不需要對您的程式碼進行任何更改。

服務網格是用於處理服務間通訊的專用基礎設施層。它負責通過包含現代雲原生應用程式的複雜服務拓撲來可靠地傳遞請求。實際上,服務網格通常通過一組輕量級網路代理來實現,這些代理與應用程式程式碼一起部署,而不需要感知應用程式本身。— Willian Morgan Buoyant CEO

為什麼我們需要 Service Mesh

為什麼折騰 Linkerd2 而不是 Istio

部署環境

  • 騰訊雲 TKE K8S 叢集(或你自建的私有 K8S 叢集)
  • CentOS 7.x

可先快速過一個官方上手教程,本文是基於此在騰訊雲的實戰詳解。

檢視叢集版本

kubectl version --short

Client Version: v1.16.9
Server Version: v1.16.9

Linkerd2 CLI 安裝

首先我們需要下載並安裝最新版本的 linkerd CLI。

我們直接進入 Linkerd2 版本發行頁面,檢視最新版:

這裡我們下載 linkerd2-cli-edge-21.6.1-linux-amd64

安裝:

wget -c https://github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/releases/download/edge-21.6.1/linkerd2-cli-edge-21.6.1-linux-amd64

mv linkerd2-cli-edge-21.6.1-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/linkerd

chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/linkerd

現在我們執行 linkerd,會看到如下資訊:

Usage:
  linkerd [command]

Available Commands:
  check        Check the Linkerd installation for potential problems
  completion   Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash, zsh or fish)
  diagnostics  Commands used to diagnose Linkerd components
  help         Help about any command
  identity     Display the certificate(s) of one or more selected pod(s)
  inject       Add the Linkerd proxy to a Kubernetes config
  install      Output Kubernetes configs to install Linkerd
  install-cni  Output Kubernetes configs to install Linkerd CNI
  jaeger       jaeger manages the jaeger extension of Linkerd service mesh
  multicluster Manages the multicluster setup for Linkerd
  profile      Output service profile config for Kubernetes
  repair       Output the secret/linkerd-config-overrides resource if it has been deleted
  uninject     Remove the Linkerd proxy from a Kubernetes config
  uninstall    Output Kubernetes resources to uninstall Linkerd control plane
  upgrade      Output Kubernetes configs to upgrade an existing Linkerd control plane
  version      Print the client and server version information
  viz          viz manages the linkerd-viz extension of Linkerd service mesh

Flags:
      --api-addr string            Override kubeconfig and communicate directly with the control plane at host:port (mostly for testing)
      --as string                  Username to impersonate for Kubernetes operations
      --as-group stringArray       Group to impersonate for Kubernetes operations
      --cni-namespace string       Namespace in which the Linkerd CNI plugin is installed (default "linkerd-cni")
      --context string             Name of the kubeconfig context to use
  -h, --help                       help for linkerd
      --kubeconfig string          Path to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests
  -L, --linkerd-namespace string   Namespace in which Linkerd is installed ($LINKERD_NAMESPACE) (default "linkerd")
      --verbose                    Turn on debug logging

Additional help topics:
  linkerd alpha        experimental subcommands for Linkerd

Use "linkerd [command] --help" for more information about a command.

安裝 Linkerd2 控制平面

首先,我們需要驗證下叢集,使用 linkerd check --pre,正常會輸出如下資訊:

Linkerd core checks
===================

kubernetes-api
--------------
√ can initialize the client
√ can query the Kubernetes API

kubernetes-version
------------------
√ is running the minimum Kubernetes API version
√ is running the minimum kubectl version

pre-kubernetes-setup
--------------------
√ control plane namespace does not already exist
√ can create non-namespaced resources
√ can create ServiceAccounts
√ can create Services
√ can create Deployments
√ can create CronJobs
√ can create ConfigMaps
√ can create Secrets
√ can read Secrets
√ can read extension-apiserver-authentication configmap
√ no clock skew detected

pre-kubernetes-capability
-------------------------
√ has NET_ADMIN capability
√ has NET_RAW capability

linkerd-version
---------------
√ can determine the latest version
√ cli is up-to-date

Status check results are √

部署控制平面:

linkerd install | kubectl apply -f -

檢視 linkerd 名稱空間的 pod 部署情況:

kubectl get po -n linkerd

NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
linkerd-destination-6c6bf4fc4-282gd       3/3     Running   0          5m
linkerd-identity-7cd9998969-cvzc8         2/2     Running   0          5m
linkerd-proxy-injector-855b9b6747-r8pcz   2/2     Running   0          5m

同樣,我們使用 linkerd check 檢查一下。

ok, 接下來我們部署一些常用的擴充套件,增強我們控制平面的功能。

安裝 Linkerd2 控制平面常用擴充套件

grafanaprometheusjaeger 等的部署(針對 Linkerd 2 的相關指標)

使用如下命令:

linkerd viz install | kubectl apply -f - # on-cluster metrics stack

kubectl get po -n linkerd-viz #審查 namespace, 直到所 pod 都 ready

# grafana-5659477d88-txq5b        0/2     PodInitializing   0          14m
# metrics-api-6fcb849dc-k9sw5     2/2     Running           0          14m
# prometheus-798d8d4698-4x8h2     2/2     Running           0          14m
# tap-f5984d7f7-fkpf9             0/2     PodInitializing   0          14m
# tap-injector-6b455dd64b-2c82n   0/2     PodInitializing   0          14m
# web-657dbffb8f-7d2gr            0/2     PodInitializing   0          14m

如果出現某一個 pod 出現錯誤,我們可以通過 kubectl describe po 來獲取詳細錯誤資訊,如:

kubectl describe po grafana-5659477d88-txq5b -n linkerd-viz

比如說,我這裡如下映象就被卡住了(騰訊雲):

cr.l5d.io/linkerd/grafana:edge-21.6.1
cr.l5d.io/linkerd/tap:edge-21.6.1
cr.l5d.io/linkerd/web:edge-21.6.1

大家可以(連線網際網路)手動拉取。

同樣,我們再部署兩個可選的擴充套件。

部署 jaeger

## optional
linkerd jaeger install | kubectl apply -f - # Jaeger collector and UI

kubectl get po -n linkerd-jaeger #審查 namespace
# OR:
# docker pull cr.l5d.io/linkerd/jaeger-webhook:edge-21.6.1
# docker pull jaegertracing/all-in-one:1.19.2

部署 multicluster

linkerd multicluster install | kubectl apply -f - # multi-cluster components
kubectl get po -n linkerd-multicluster

# 果然報錯了
linkerd-gateway-bcb5888c5-ws6wz   1/2     ErrImagePull   0          21s

檢視報錯資訊:

kubectl describe po linkerd-gateway-bcb5888c5-ws6wz -n linkerd-multicluster
# Normal   BackOff    21s (x5 over 2m13s)  kubelet, k8s-master-01  Back-off pulling image "gcr.io/google_containers/pause"
# Warning  Failed     21s (x5 over 2m13s)  kubelet, k8s-master-01  Error: ImagePullBackOff

很明顯(gcr.io/google_containers/pause),我們需要連線網際網路(具體怎麼做,太多教程了,這裡不討論)。

還有一個問題比較棘手的是,這裡即使 gcr.io/google_containers/pause 已經存在於本地,部署時還是回去 gcr.io 拉取。

所以,下面提供另一種方式來弄(沒連外網的情況下)。

使用 kustomize 解決 linkerd-gateway (騰訊雲部署)不成功的問題

kustomize 如何安裝,大家自行檢視 https://kustomize.io

首先,匯出 linkerd multicluster 部署 yaml 檔。

linkerd multicluster install > linkerd-multicluster.yaml

然後,我們給它打個補丁patch-linkerd-multicluster.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    linkerd.io/created-by: linkerd/cli edge-21.6.1
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: gateway
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: Linkerd
    app.kubernetes.io/version: edge-21.6.1
    linkerd.io/control-plane-component: gateway
    app: linkerd-gateway
    linkerd.io/extension: multicluster
  name: linkerd-gateway
  namespace: linkerd-multicluster
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: linkerd-gateway
  template:
    metadata:
      annotations:
        linkerd.io/created-by: linkerd/cli edge-21.6.1
        linkerd.io/inject: enabled
        config.linkerd.io/proxy-require-identity-inbound-ports: "4191,4143"
        config.linkerd.io/enable-gateway: "true"
      labels:
        app: linkerd-gateway
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: pause
          image: ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/cloud-native/google-pause
      serviceAccountName: linkerd-gateway

ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/cloud-native/google-pause,這是筆者上傳到騰訊雲的公開映象。

新建 kustomization.yaml

resources:
- linkerd-multicluster.yaml
patchesStrategicMerge:
- patch-linkerd-multicluster.yaml

使用 kustomize 重新部署:

kustomize build . | kubectl apply -f -

重新檢視一下:

kubectl get po -n linkerd-multicluster
# linkerd-gateway-6c8dc7bb49-6tghc   2/2     Running   0          92s

完美解決。

使用 Traefik Ingressroute 匯出 linkerd-web 管理皮膚

關於 traefik v2 的部署,這裡不做贅述。

使用 kustomizelinkerd viz 部署進行更新

我這裡使用的域名是 linkerd-web.hacker-linner.com

匯出 yaml 檔:

linkerd viz install > linkerd-viz.yaml

打補丁,patch-linkerd-viz-web.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    linkerd.io/created-by: linkerd/helm edge-21.6.1
  labels:
    linkerd.io/extension: viz
    app.kubernetes.io/name: web
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: Linkerd
    app.kubernetes.io/version: edge-21.6.1
    component: web
    namespace: linkerd-viz
  name: web
  namespace: linkerd-viz
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      linkerd.io/extension: viz
      component: web
      namespace: linkerd-viz
  template:
    metadata:
      annotations:
        linkerd.io/created-by: linkerd/helm edge-21.6.1
      labels:
        linkerd.io/extension: viz
        component: web
        namespace: linkerd-viz
    spec:
      nodeSelector:
        beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
      - args:
        - -linkerd-metrics-api-addr=metrics-api.linkerd-viz.svc.cluster.local:8085
        - -cluster-domain=cluster.local
        - -grafana-addr=grafana.linkerd-viz.svc.cluster.local:3000
        - -controller-namespace=linkerd
        - -viz-namespace=linkerd-viz
        - -log-level=info
        - -enforced-host=^(linkerd-web\.hacker-linner\.com|localhost|127\.0\.0\.1|web\.linkerd-viz\.svc\.cluster\.local|web\.linkerd-viz\.svc|\[::1\])(:\d+)?$
        image: cr.l5d.io/linkerd/web:edge-21.6.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ping
            port: 9994
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
        name: web
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8084
          name: http
        - containerPort: 9994
          name: admin-http
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 7
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 9994
        resources:
        securityContext:
          runAsUser: 2103
      serviceAccountName: web

更新 kustomization.yaml

resources:
- linkerd-viz.yaml
- linkerd-multicluster.yaml
patchesStrategicMerge:
- patch-linkerd-viz-web.yaml
- patch-linkerd-multicluster.yaml

重新部署

kustomize build . | kubectl apply -f -

設定 Ingressroute & Basic Auth

ingressroute-viz.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: linkerd-authsecret
  namespace: linkerd-viz
type: Opaque
stringData:
  users: # 這裡使用 htpasswd -nb 進行設定
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: linkerd-basic-auth
  namespace: linkerd-viz
spec:
  basicAuth:
    secret: linkerd-authsecret
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: l5d-header-middleware
  namespace: linkerd-viz
spec:
  headers:
    customRequestHeaders:
      l5d-dst-override: "web.linkerd-viz.svc.cluster.local:8084"
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: linkerd-web-ingress-route
  namespace: linkerd-viz
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  tls:
    secretName: hacker-linner-cert-tls
  routes:
    - match: Host(`linkerd-web.hacker-linner.com`)
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: web
          port: 8084
      middlewares:
        - name: l5d-header-middleware
        - name: linkerd-basic-auth

部署:

kubectl apply -f ingressroute-viz.yaml

部署 emojivoto

執行如下命令:

curl -sL https://run.linkerd.io/emojivoto.yml \
  | kubectl apply -f 

審查部署:

kubectl get po -n  emojivoto
# OR
# docker pull docker.l5d.io/buoyantio/emojivoto-emoji-svc:v11
# docker pull docker.l5d.io/buoyantio/emojivoto-web:v11
# docker pull docker.l5d.io/buoyantio/emojivoto-voting-svc:v11

emoji-6b776684f5-nnflg      1/1     Running   0          6m4s
vote-bot-64695c4dc6-jn8ln   1/1     Running   0          6m4s
voting-7778876bdb-kdvsx     1/1     Running   0          6m4s
web-6f8d774656-9dsw7        1/1     Running   0          6m4s

設定 Ingressroute

這裡是:https://emojivoto.hacker-linner.com

emojivoto-ingressroute.yaml

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: emojivoto-web-ingress-route
  namespace: emojivoto
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  tls:
    secretName: hacker-linner-cert-tls
  routes:
    - match: Host(`emojivoto.hacker-linner.com`)
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: web-svc
          port: 80

Service Mesh(Linkerd) 注入

新增 Linkerdemojivoto

kubectl get -n emojivoto deploy -o yaml \
  | linkerd inject - \
  | kubectl apply -f -

審查一下是否一切正常:

linkerd -n emojivoto check --proxy

回到皮膚檢視 emojivoto

完美搞定,一切正常。

最後看一下 Grafana 皮膚:

Refs

我是為少
微信:uuhells123
公眾號:黑客下午茶
加我微信(互相學習交流),關注公眾號(獲取更多學習資料~)

相關文章