前言
在上一篇博文(分散式事務與Seate框架(1)——分散式事務理論)中瞭解了足夠的分散式事務的理論知識後,到了實踐部分,在工作中雖然用到了Seata,但是自己卻並沒有完全實踐過,所以自己私下花點時間實踐以加深理解,實際上在實踐過程中遇到了很多的坑(比如Seata與SpringCloudAlibaba的整合中版本相容性問題,是個很讓人頭疼的一塊,甚至專門去github提過issue),有時候甚至得跟蹤原始碼進行分析,這也使我加強了對閱讀原始碼的能力。總之都是要code的。本篇博文主要結合實踐深入講解Seata AT模式!
參考資料《Spring Cloud Alibaba 微服務原理與實戰》(PDF電子書資源,有需要的小夥伴可以評論私信我)、官方wiki
博文中原始碼已上傳至github(https://github.com/Jian0110/learning-cloudalibaba),歡迎小夥伴們star...
一、實踐準備工作
1、框架介紹
實踐主要是以“訂單-庫存-賬戶”系統演示,主要的框架圖如下,圖中各個部分充當的分散式事務角色已標明。
具體流程:
1)使用者登入XXX商品購物系統(假設已有賬戶),
2)點選購買某個商品,發起建立訂單請求;
3)檢查購買商品的庫存量,如果不夠則建立訂單失敗提示庫存不足;否則鎖定該商品---->減少庫存--->建立訂單;
4)訂單建立成功後點選付款(或直接付款無需點選,實際上整個Demo中下單之後模擬立馬支付,並不會點選付款);
5)如果購買成功則對賬戶進行餘額進行判斷,餘額足夠則進行減扣,餘額不夠則進行提示說明
6)返回購買成功失敗提示說明。
2、專案結構
專案結構如下:
mvn package打包執行seata服務,即執行TC伺服器(這裡只展示單機)
初始化Seata庫,匯入sql指令碼
二、程式碼實踐
這裡只展示關鍵程式碼,全部程式碼已提交gituhb:,有需要的小夥伴可以自行獲取
1、“訂單-庫存-賬戶”服務
訂單服務:
TM(microService):seata-order-service
RM(DB Resources):jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/order
OrderService:
@GlobalTransactional // TM開啟全域性事務 @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class) public void createOrder(Long productId, BigDecimal price){ // 這裡模擬獲取的是使用者的賬戶ID // 通過上下文獲取userId再獲取accountId(單個賬戶) Long accountId = 1L; // 假設已經獲取到了賬戶ID // 1.rpc呼叫庫存微服務檢查庫存並減庫存操作 Boolean deductStorageSuccess = storageFeignClient.deduct(productId); if (!deductStorageSuccess) { throw new RuntimeException("storage deduct failed!"); } // 2.建立訂單 ProductOrder order = ProductOrder.builder() .productId(productId) .accountId(accountId) .payAmount(price) .build(); log.info("create order : {}", order); // 這裡為了模擬回滾,所以先對價格的判斷放到了建立訂單之後,丟擲runtime exception if (price.compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) < 0) { throw new NumberFormatException("product price must greater than zero!"); } orderMapper.insertSelective(order); // 3.rpc呼叫賬戶微服務對餘額檢查並扣款操作 Boolean deductAccountSuccess = accountFeignClient.deduct(accountId, price); if (!deductAccountSuccess) { throw new RuntimeException("account deduct failed!"); } // 4. 反饋結果 }
OrderController:
/** * 模擬建立訂單 * @param productId * @param price * @return */ @PostMapping("/create") public String create(Long productId, BigDecimal price){ try { orderService.createOrder(productId, price); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("order failed: ", e); return "order failed"; } return "order success"; }
呼叫的Feign:
@FeignClient(name="seata-account-service") public interface AccountFeignClient { @PostMapping("/account/deduct") Boolean deduct(@RequestParam("accountId") Long accountId, @RequestParam("payAmount") BigDecimal payAmount); } @FeignClient(name="seata-storage-service") public interface StorageFeignClient { @PostMapping("/storage/deduct") Boolean deduct(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId); }
庫存服務:
microService:seata-storage-service
RM(DB Resources):jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/storage
StorageService
public Boolean deduct(Long productId){ // 這裡先檢查有沒有庫存了, 生產環境下這裡是需要for update資料庫鎖,或者分散式鎖 Repo repoFromDB = repoMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(productId); if (repoFromDB == null) { throw new RuntimeException("product not exist!"); } // 對庫存減一 int afterCount = repoFromDB.getAmount()-1; // 沒有庫存剩餘了 if (afterCount < 0) { throw new RuntimeException("product storage is no remaining!"); } Repo repo = Repo.builder() .id(productId) .amount(afterCount) .build(); repoMapper.updateAmount(repo); log.info("deduct product[{}] storage, current amount is {}", productId, afterCount); return true; }
StorageController:
/** * 模擬對商品庫存減一 * @param productId * @return */ @PostMapping("/deduct") public Boolean deduct(Long productId){ try { storageService.deduct(productId); } catch (Exception e) { return false; } return true; }
賬戶服務:
microService:seata-account-service
RM(DB Resources):jdbc:mysql:127.0.0.1/account
AccountService:
public void deduct(Long accountId, BigDecimal payAmount){ // 這裡先檢查有沒有賬戶存在, 生產環境下這裡是需要for update資料庫鎖,或者分散式鎖 UserAccount userAccountFromDB = userAccountMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(accountId); if (userAccountFromDB == null) { throw new RuntimeException("account not exist!"); } // 檢查餘額是否足夠 BigDecimal afterBalance = userAccountFromDB.getBalance().subtract(payAmount); if (afterBalance.compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) < 0) { throw new RuntimeException("the balance is not enough!"); } UserAccount userAccount = UserAccount.builder() .id(accountId) .balance(afterBalance) .build(); log.info("deduct account[{}] , current balance is {}", accountId, afterBalance); userAccountMapper.updateBalance(userAccount); }
AccountController:
/** * 模擬賬戶扣款 * @param accountId * @param payAmount * @return */ @PostMapping("/deduct") public Boolean deduct(Long accountId, BigDecimal payAmount){ try { accountService.deduct(accountId, payAmount); } catch (Exception e) { return false; } return true; }
2、Seata伺服器,即TC角色
首先初始化seata的sql指令碼(sql指令碼參考官方wiki),並開啟seata庫,之後開啟Seata Server(具體的配置與啟動前nacos配置,事務分組等相關概念請參考官方wiki)
3、檢查Nacos服務與配置列表
微服務模組啟動後快速註冊到dev名稱空間下的SEATA_GROUP分組,此時TM、RM、TC都已經具備
啟動微服務模組後可以看到日誌輸出,說明啟動成功並且已經成功註冊
RM will register :jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/account
nacos registry, SEATA_GROUP seata-account-service 192.168.99.1:6009 register finished Started SeataAccountApplication in 30.115 seconds (JVM running for 33.158) ....... NettyPool create channel to transactionRole:TMROLE,address:169.254.6.29:8091,msg:< RegisterTMRequest{applicationId='seata-account-service', transactionServiceGroup='my_test_tx_group'} > register TM success. client version:1.4.0, server version:1.4.0,channel:[id: 0xa77dc065, L:/169.254.6.29:52794 - R:/169.254.6.29:8091] register success, cost 4 ms, version:1.4.0,role:TMROLE,channel:[id: 0xa77dc065, L:/169.254.6.29:52794 - R:/169.254.6.29:8091]
三、執行測試
1、模擬購買支付成功情況
執行啟動所有的微服務後,在TC Serve的日誌可以看到所有的TM、RM都已經註冊了
此時productId=1庫存還剩998
accountId=1的使用者餘額還剩1000元
接下來就是模擬使用者購買商品環節,呼叫http://localhost:6008/order/create,表示使用者想買商品ID=1,價格為12.25的商品
清空日誌,併發起請求檢視日誌:
16:10:45.167 INFO --- [rverHandlerThread_1_4_500] i.s.s.coordinator.DefaultCoordinator : Begin new global transaction applicationId: seata-order-service,transactionServiceGroup: my_test_tx_group, transactionName: createOrder(java.lang.Long, java.math.BigDecimal),timeout:60000,xid:169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608 16:10:45.964 INFO --- [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : SeataMergeMessage xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/storage,lockKey=repo:1 ,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group 16:10:46.086 INFO --- [rverHandlerThread_1_5_500] i.seata.server.coordinator.AbstractCore : Register branch successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608, branchId = 136139750928142336, resourceId = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/storage ,lockKeys = repo:1 16:10:46.788 INFO --- [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : SeataMergeMessage xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/account,lockKey=user_account:1 ,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group 16:10:46.918 INFO --- [rverHandlerThread_1_6_500] i.seata.server.coordinator.AbstractCore : Register branch successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608, branchId = 136139754342305793, resourceId = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/account ,lockKeys = user_account:1 16:10:47.015 INFO --- [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/order,lockKey=product_order:6,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group 16:10:47.073 INFO --- [rverHandlerThread_1_7_500] i.seata.server.coordinator.AbstractCore : Register branch successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608, branchId = 136139755294412801, resourceId = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/order ,lockKeys = product_order:6 16:10:47.184 INFO --- [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608,extraData=null,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group 16:10:48.084 INFO --- [ AsyncCommitting_1_1] io.seata.server.coordinator.DefaultCore : Committing global transaction is successfully done, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139747123908608. 16:10:53.908 INFO --- [ TxTimeoutCheck_1_1] i.s.s.coordinator.DefaultCoordinator : Global transaction[169.254.6.29:8091:136139530647490560] is timeout and will be rollback. 16:10:54.947 INFO --- [ RetryRollbacking_1_1] io.seata.server.coordinator.DefaultCore : Rollback global transaction successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136139530647490560.
從日誌中我們可以看到:
1)全域性事務XID已經生成,各個分支註冊成功,
2)branchId也已經生成並在全域性事務XID下,資源已被鎖住
3)全域性事務提交成功
檢視此時的庫存與餘額,都已經進行了減扣
2、模擬庫存不足情況
修改productId=1的商品庫存為0:
再次發起請求,檢視TC Server日誌,可以查出明顯發生了全域性事務的回滾
16:20:24.258 INFO --- [verHandlerThread_1_12_500] i.s.s.coordinator.DefaultCoordinator : Begin new global transaction applicationId: seata-order-service,transactionServiceGroup: my_test_tx_group, transactionName: createOrder(java.lang.Long, java.math.BigDecimal),timeout:60000,xid:169.254.6.29:8091:136142176250875904 16:20:24.279 INFO --- [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136142176250875904,extraData=null,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group 16:20:24.420 INFO --- [verHandlerThread_1_13_500] io.seata.server.coordinator.DefaultCore : Rollback global transaction successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136142176250875904.
檢視庫存與餘額情況,庫存仍然是0,餘額仍然是987.75
3、模擬餘額不足情況
修改accountId=1的賬戶餘額小於12.25
再次發起請求,檢視日誌
16:27:41.811 INFO --- [verHandlerThread_1_14_500] i.s.s.coordinator.DefaultCoordinator : Begin new global transaction applicationId: seata-order-service,transactionServiceGroup: my_test_tx_group, transactionName: createOrder(java.lang.Long, java.math.BigDecimal),timeout:60000,xid:169.254.6.29:8091:136144011456008192 16:27:41.836 INFO --- [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : SeataMergeMessage xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136144011456008192,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/storage,lockKey=repo:1 ,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group 16:27:41.889 INFO --- [verHandlerThread_1_15_500] i.seata.server.coordinator.AbstractCore : Register branch successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136144011456008192, branchId = 136144011762192385, resourceId = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/storage ,lockKeys = repo:1 16:27:42.088 INFO --- [ batchLoggerPrint_1_1] i.s.c.r.p.server.BatchLogHandler : xid=169.254.6.29:8091:136144011456008192,extraData=null,clientIp:169.254.6.29,vgroup:my_test_tx_group 16:27:42.632 INFO --- [verHandlerThread_1_16_500] io.seata.server.coordinator.DefaultCore : Rollback branch transaction successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136144011456008192 branchId = 136144011762192385 16:27:42.754 INFO --- [verHandlerThread_1_16_500] io.seata.server.coordinator.DefaultCore : Rollback global transaction successfully, xid = 169.254.6.29:8091:136144011456008192.
不同於庫存不足的情況的是,這裡庫存服務分支事務是先註冊TC Server的,因為有異常的並不是庫存服務,需要注意的是因為我模擬的是下單之後立馬支付,支付失敗的話訂單也是不會存在,實際生活中應該是訂單顯示“支付失敗”。
檢視庫存與餘額情況,庫存仍然是997,餘額仍然是10.75