關於泛型

平流層發表於2021-02-14
泛型

泛型

目錄

思考

會不會報錯？在多少行？怎麼修改？

import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Phone> phoneList = new ArrayList<>();
        phoneList.add(new Phone());
        phoneList.add(new Phone());

        List<Water> waterList = new ArrayList<>();
        waterList.add(new Water());
        waterList.add(new Water());

        SellGoods sellGoods=new SellGoods();
        sellGoods.sellAll(phoneList);
        sellGoods.sellAll(waterList);

    }
}

 abstract class Goods{
    public  abstract void sell();
}
class Phone extends Goods{
    @Override
    public void sell() {
        System.out.println("賣手機");
    }
}
class Water extends Goods{
    @Override
    public void sell() {
        System.out.println("賣水");
    }
}
class SellGoods{
    public void sellAll(List<Goods> goods){
        for (Goods g:goods){
            g.sell();
        }
    }
}

答案

//錯誤在16、17行，翻譯後如下
List<Goods> goods=new ArrayList<Phone>();//這在集合中是不允許的，必須前後泛型保持一致
//修改:將38行改成
public void sellAll(List< ? extends Goods> goods)//意思是goods和它子類都可以

泛型的好處

  • 不需要強制轉換

  • 避免了執行時異常

自定義泛型類

形式一：一個引數

public class customizeGeneric<T> {
    private T name;

    public T getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(T name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        customizeGeneric<String> cg=new customizeGeneric<>();
        cg.setName("han");
        System.out.println( cg.getName());
    }
}

形式二：多個引數(2個及以上)

public class customizeGeneric<T,X> {
    private T name;
    private X age;
    public customizeGeneric(T name, X age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public T getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(T name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public X getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(X age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        customizeGeneric<String,Integer> cg=new customizeGeneric<>("han",21);
        System.out.println(cg.getName()+"    "+cg.getAge());
    }
}

自定義泛型方法

public class GenericMethod<T> {
    public void printValue(T t){
        System.out.println(t);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GenericMethod gm=new GenericMethod();
        gm.printValue(16);
    }
}

或者

public class GenericMethod {
    public<T> void printValue(T t){
        System.out.println(t);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GenericMethod gm=new GenericMethod();
        gm.printValue(16);
    }
}

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