2、Spring使用+ioc容器配置使用1
通過前面的介紹我們已經知道了Spring中非常重要的一個特性就是IOC,下面我們將要來看一下如何使用IOC容器,幫助大家更好的體會spring的優勢。
1、spring_helloworld
(1)使用手動載入jar包的方式實現,分為三個步驟,現在幾乎不用
-
導包:匯入這五個包即可
commons-logging-1.2.jar spring-beans-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar spring-context-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar spring-core-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar spring-expression-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar
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寫配置
Person.java
package com.mashibing.bean; public class Person { private int id; private String name; private int age; private String gender; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", gender='" + gender + '\'' + '}'; } }
ioc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--註冊一個物件,spring回自動建立這個物件--> <!-- 一個bean標籤就表示一個物件 id:這個物件的唯一標識 class:註冊物件的完全限定名 --> <bean id="person" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person"> <!--使用property標籤給物件的屬性賦值 name:表示屬性的名稱 value:表示屬性的值 --> <property name="id" value="1"></property> <property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property> <property name="age" value="18"></property> <property name="gender" value="男"></property> </bean> </beans>
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測試
SpringDemoTest.java
package com.mashibing.test;
import com.mashibing.bean.Person;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringDemoTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//ApplicationContext:表示ioc容器
//ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:表示從當前classpath路徑中獲取xml檔案的配置
//根據spring的配置檔案來獲取ioc容器物件
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc.xml");
Person person = (Person) context.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person);
}
}
(2)使用maven的方式來構建專案
-
建立maven專案
定義專案的groupId、artifactId
-
新增對應的pom依賴
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.mashibing</groupId> <artifactId>spring_demo</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
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編寫程式碼
Person.java
package com.mashibing.bean; public class Person { private int id; private String name; private int age; private String gender; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", gender='" + gender + '\'' + '}'; } }
-
測試
MyTest.java
import com.mashibing.bean.Person;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc.xml");
Person person = (Person) context.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person);
}
}
總結:
以上兩種方式建立spring的專案都是可以的,但是在現在的企業開發環境中使用更多的還是maven這樣的方式,無須自己處理jar之間的依賴關係,也無須提前下載jar包,只需要配置相關的pom即可,因此推薦大家使用maven的方式,具體的maven操作大家可以看maven的詳細操作文件。
搭建spring專案需要注意的點:
1、一定要將配置檔案新增到類路徑中,使用idea建立專案的時候要放在resource目錄下
2、導包的時候別忘了commons-logging-1.2.jar包
細節點:
1、ApplicationContext就是IOC容器的介面,可以通過此物件獲取容器中建立的物件
2、物件在Spring容器建立完成的時候就已經建立完成,不是需要用的時候才建立
3、物件在IOC容器中儲存的時候都是單例的,如果需要多例需要修改屬性
4、建立物件給屬性賦值的時候是通過setter方法實現的
5、物件的屬性是由setter/getter方法決定的,而不是定義的成員屬性
2、spring物件的獲取及屬性賦值方式
1、通過bean的id獲取IOC容器中的物件(上面已經用過)
2、通過bean的型別獲取物件
MyTest.java
import com.mashibing.bean.Person;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc.xml");
Person bean = context.getBean(Person.class);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
注意:通過bean的型別在查詢物件的時候,在配置檔案中不能存在兩個型別一致的bean物件,如果有的話,可以通過如下方法
MyTest.java
import com.mashibing.bean.Person;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc.xml");
Person person = context.getBean("person", Person.class);
System.out.println(person);
}
}
3、通過構造器給bean物件賦值
ioc.xml
<!--給person類新增構造方法-->
<bean id="person2" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person">
<constructor-arg name="id" value="1"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="name" value="lisi"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="20"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="gender" value="女"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!--在使用構造器賦值的時候可以省略name屬性,但是此時就要求必須嚴格按照構造器引數的順序來填寫了-->
<bean id="person3" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person">
<constructor-arg value="1"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="lisi"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="20"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="女"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!--如果想不按照順序來新增引數值,那麼可以搭配index屬性來使用-->
<bean id="person4" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person">
<constructor-arg value="lisi" index="1"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="1" index="0"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="女" index="3"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="20" index="2"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!--當有多個引數個數相同,不同型別的構造器的時候,可以通過type來強制型別-->
將person的age型別設定為Integer型別
public Person(int id, String name, Integer age) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
System.out.println("Age");
}
public Person(int id, String name, String gender) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
System.out.println("gender");
}
<bean id="person5" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person">
<constructor-arg value="1"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="lisi"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="20" type="java.lang.Integer"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!--如果不修改為integer型別,那麼需要type跟index組合使用-->
<bean id="person5" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person">
<constructor-arg value="1"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="lisi"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="20" type="int" index="2"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
4、通過名稱空間為bean賦值,簡化配置檔案中屬性宣告的寫法
1、匯入名稱空間
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
2、新增配置
<bean id="person6" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person" p:id="3" p:name="wangwu" p:age="22" p:gender="男"></bean>
5、為複雜型別進行賦值操作
在之前的測試程式碼中,我們都是給最基本的屬性進行賦值操作,在正常的企業級開發中還會遇到給各種複雜型別賦值,如集合、陣列、其他物件等。
Person.java
package com.mashibing.bean;
import java.util.*;
public class Person {
private int id;
private String name="dahuang";
private int age;
private String gender;
private Address address;
private String[] hobbies;
private List<Book> books;
private Set<Integer> sets;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private Properties properties;
public Person(int id, String name, int age, String gender) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
System.out.println("有參構造器");
}
public Person(int id, String name, int age) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
System.out.println("Age");
}
public Person(int id, String name, String gender) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
System.out.println("gender");
}
public Person() {
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public List<Book> getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books) {
this.books = books;
}
public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
return maps;
}
public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
this.maps = maps;
}
public Properties getProperties() {
return properties;
}
public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
public String[] getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(String[] hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public Set<Integer> getSets() {
return sets;
}
public void setSets(Set<Integer> sets) {
this.sets = sets;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", address=" + address +
", hobbies=" + Arrays.toString(hobbies) +
", books=" + books +
", sets=" + sets +
", maps=" + maps +
", properties=" + properties +
'}';
}
}
Book.java
package com.mashibing.bean;
public class Book {
private String name;
private String author;
private double price;
public Book() {
}
public Book(String name, String author, double price) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
'}';
}
}
Address.java
package com.mashibing.bean;
public class Address {
private String province;
private String city;
private String town;
public Address() {
}
public Address(String province, String city, String town) {
this.province = province;
this.city = city;
this.town = town;
}
public String getProvince() {
return province;
}
public void setProvince(String province) {
this.province = province;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getTown() {
return town;
}
public void setTown(String town) {
this.town = town;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"province='" + province + '\'' +
", city='" + city + '\'' +
", town='" + town + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
ioc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util https://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"
>
<!--給複雜型別的賦值都在property標籤內進行-->
<bean id="person" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person">
<property name="name">
<!--賦空值-->
<null></null>
</property>
<!--通過ref引用其他物件,引用外部bean-->
<property name="address" ref="address"></property>
<!--引用內部bean-->
<!-- <property name="address">
<bean class="com.mashibing.bean.Address">
<property name="province" value="北京"></property>
<property name="city" value="北京"></property>
<property name="town" value="西城區"></property>
</bean>
</property>-->
<!--為list賦值-->
<property name="books">
<list>
<!--內部bean-->
<bean id="book1" class="com.mashibing.bean.Book">
<property name="name" value="多執行緒與高併發"></property>
<property name="author" value="馬士兵"></property>
<property name="price" value="1000"></property>
</bean>
<!--外部bean-->
<ref bean="book2"></ref>
</list>
</property>
<!--給map賦值-->
<property name="maps" ref="myMap"></property>
<!--給property賦值-->
<property name="properties">
<props>
<prop key="aaa">aaa</prop>
<prop key="bbb">222</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!--給陣列賦值-->
<property name="hobbies">
<array>
<value>book</value>
<value>movie</value>
<value>game</value>
</array>
</property>
<!--給set賦值-->
<property name="sets">
<set>
<value>111</value>
<value>222</value>
<value>222</value>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="address" class="com.mashibing.bean.Address">
<property name="province" value="河北"></property>
<property name="city" value="邯鄲"></property>
<property name="town" value="武安"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="book2" class="com.mashibing.bean.Book">
<property name="name" value="JVM"></property>
<property name="author" value="馬士兵"></property>
<property name="price" value="1200"></property>
</bean>
<!--級聯屬性-->
<bean id="person2" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person">
<property name="address" ref="address"></property>
<property name="address.province" value="北京"></property>
</bean>
<!--util名稱空間建立集合型別的bean-->
<util:map id="myMap">
<entry key="key1" value="value1"></entry>
<entry key="key2" value-ref="book2"></entry>
<entry key="key03">
<bean class="com.mashibing.bean.Book">
<property name="name" value="西遊記" ></property>
<property name="author" value="吳承恩" ></property>
<property name="price" value="100" ></property>
</bean>
</entry>
</util:map>
</beans>
6、繼承關係bean的配置
ioc.xml
<bean id="person" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person">
<property name="id" value="1"></property>
<property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property>
<property name="age" value="21"></property>
<property name="gender" value="男"></property>
</bean>
<!--parent:指定bean的配置資訊繼承於哪個bean-->
<bean id="person2" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person" parent="person">
<property name="name" value="lisi"></property>
</bean>
如果想實現Java檔案的抽象類,不需要將當前bean例項化的話,可以使用abstract屬性
<bean id="person" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person" abstract="true">
<property name="id" value="1"></property>
<property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property>
<property name="age" value="21"></property>
<property name="gender" value="男"></property>
</bean>
<!--parent:指定bean的配置資訊繼承於哪個bean-->
<bean id="person2" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person" parent="person">
<property name="name" value="lisi"></property>
</bean>
7、bean物件建立的依賴關係
bean物件在建立的時候是按照bean在配置檔案的順序決定的,也可以使用depend-on標籤來決定順序
ioc.xml
<bean id="book" class="com.mashibing.bean.Book" depends-on="person,address"></bean>
<bean id="address" class="com.mashibing.bean.Address"></bean>
<bean id="person" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person"></bean>
8、bean的作用域控制,是否是單例
ioc.xml
<!--
bean的作用域:singleton、prototype、request、session
預設情況下是單例的
prototype:多例項的
容器啟動的時候不會建立多例項bean,只有在獲取物件的時候才會建立該物件
每次建立都是一個新的物件
singleton:預設的單例物件
在容器啟動完成之前就已經建立好物件
獲取的所有物件都是同一個
-->
<bean id="person4" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person" scope="prototype"></bean>
9、利用工廠模式建立bean物件
在之前的案例中,所有bean物件的建立都是通過反射得到對應的bean例項,其實在spring中還包含另外一種建立bean例項的方式,就是通過工廠模式進行物件的建立
在利用工廠模式建立bean例項的時候有兩種方式,分別是靜態工廠和例項工廠。
靜態工廠:工廠本身不需要建立物件,但是可以通過靜態方法呼叫,物件=工廠類.靜態工廠方法名();
例項工廠:工廠本身需要建立物件,工廠類 工廠物件=new 工廠類;工廠物件.get物件名();
PersonStaticFactory.java
package com.mashibing.factory;
import com.mashibing.bean.Person;
public class PersonStaticFactory {
public static Person getPerson(String name){
Person person = new Person();
person.setId(1);
person.setName(name);
return person;
}
}
ioc.xml
<!--
靜態工廠的使用:
class:指定靜態工廠類
factory-method:指定哪個方法是工廠方法
-->
<bean id="person5" class="com.mashibing.factory.PersonStaticFactory" factory-method="getPerson">
<!--constructor-arg:可以為方法指定引數-->
<constructor-arg value="lisi"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
PersonInstanceFactory.java
package com.mashibing.factory;
import com.mashibing.bean.Person;
public class PersonInstanceFactory {
public Person getPerson(String name){
Person person = new Person();
person.setId(1);
person.setName(name);
return person;
}
}
ioc.xml
<!--例項工廠使用-->
<!--建立例項工廠類-->
<bean id="personInstanceFactory" class="com.mashibing.factory.PersonInstanceFactory"></bean>
<!--
factory-bean:指定使用哪個工廠例項
factory-method:指定使用哪個工廠例項的方法
-->
<bean id="person6" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person" factory-bean="personInstanceFactory" factory-method="getPerson">
<constructor-arg value="wangwu"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
10、繼承FactoryBean來建立物件
FactoryBean是Spring規定的一個介面,當前介面的實現類,Spring都會將其作為一個工廠,但是在ioc容器啟動的時候不會建立例項,只有在使用的時候才會建立物件
MyFactoryBean.java
package com.mashibing.factory;
import com.mashibing.bean.Person;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
/**
* 實現了FactoryBean介面的類是Spring中可以識別的工廠類,spring會自動呼叫工廠方法建立例項
*/
public class MyFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Person> {
/**
* 工廠方法,返回需要建立的物件
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public Person getObject() throws Exception {
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("maliu");
return person;
}
/**
* 返回建立物件的型別,spring會自動呼叫該方法返回物件的型別
* @return
*/
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
return Person.class;
}
/**
* 建立的物件是否是單例物件
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean isSingleton() {
return false;
}
}
ioc.xml
<bean id="myfactorybean" class="com.mashibing.factory.MyFactoryBean"></bean>
11、bean物件的初始化和銷燬方法
在建立物件的時候,我們可以根據需要呼叫初始化和銷燬的方法
Address.java
package com.mashibing.bean;
public class Address {
private String province;
private String city;
private String town;
public Address() {
System.out.println("address被建立了");
}
public Address(String province, String city, String town) {
this.province = province;
this.city = city;
this.town = town;
}
public String getProvince() {
return province;
}
public void setProvince(String province) {
this.province = province;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getTown() {
return town;
}
public void setTown(String town) {
this.town = town;
}
public void init(){
System.out.println("物件被初始化");
}
public void destory(){
System.out.println("物件被銷燬");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"province='" + province + '\'' +
", city='" + city + '\'' +
", town='" + town + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
ioc.xml
<!--bean生命週期表示bean的建立到銷燬
如果bean是單例,容器在啟動的時候會建立好,關閉的時候會銷燬建立的bean
如果bean是多禮,獲取的時候建立物件,銷燬的時候不會有任何的呼叫
-->
<bean id="address" class="com.mashibing.bean.Address" init-method="init" destroy-method="destory"></bean>
MyTest.java
import com.mashibing.bean.Address;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc2.xml");
Address address = context.getBean("address", Address.class);
System.out.println(address);
//applicationContext沒有close方法,需要使用具體的子類
((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)context).close();
}
}
12、配置bean物件初始化方法的前後處理方法
spring中包含一個BeanPostProcessor的介面,可以在bean的初始化方法的前後呼叫該方法,如果配置了初始化方法的前置和後置處理器,無論是否包含初始化方法,都會進行呼叫
MyBeanPostProcessor.java
package com.mashibing.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
/**
* 在初始化方法呼叫之前執行
* @param bean 初始化的bean物件
* @param beanName xml配置檔案中的bean的id屬性
* @return
* @throws BeansException
*/
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization:"+beanName+"呼叫初始化前置方法");
return bean;
}
/**
* 在初始化方法呼叫之後執行
* @param bean
* @param beanName
* @return
* @throws BeansException
*/
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization:"+beanName+"呼叫初始化字尾方法");
return bean;
}
}
ioc.xml
<bean id="myBeanPostProcessor" class="com.mashibing.bean.MyBeanPostProcessor"></bean>
3、spring建立第三方bean物件
在Spring中,很多物件都是單例項的,在日常的開發中,我們經常需要使用某些外部的單例項物件,例如資料庫連線池,下面我們來講解下如何在spring中建立第三方bean例項。
1、匯入資料庫連線池的pom檔案
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.21</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
2、編寫配置檔案
ioc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo"></property>
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
3、編寫測試檔案
MyTest.java
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import com.mashibing.bean.Address;
import com.mashibing.bean.Person;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc3.xml");
DruidDataSource dataSource = context.getBean("dataSource", DruidDataSource.class);
System.out.println(dataSource);
System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());
}
}
4、spring引用外部配置檔案
在resource中新增dbconfig.properties
username=root
password=123456
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
編寫配置檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--載入外部配置檔案
在載入外部依賴檔案的時候需要context名稱空間
-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:dbconfig.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="username" value="${username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${url}"></property>
<property name="driverClassName" value="${driverClassName}"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
5、spring基於xml檔案的自動裝配
當一個物件中需要引用另外一個物件的時候,在之前的配置中我們都是通過property標籤來進行手動配置的,其實在spring中還提供了一個非常強大的功能就是自動裝配,可以按照我們指定的規則進行配置,配置的方式有以下幾種:
autowire:
default/no:不自動裝配
byName:按照名字進行裝配,以屬性名作為id去容器中查詢元件,進行賦值,如果找不到則裝配null
byType:按照型別進行裝配,以屬性的型別作為查詢依據去容器中找到這個元件,如果有多個型別相同的bean物件,那麼會報異常,如果找不到則裝配null
constructor:按照構造器進行裝配,先按照有參構造器引數的型別進行裝配,沒有就直接裝配null;如果按照型別找到了多個,那麼就使用引數名作為id繼續匹配,找到就裝配,找不到就裝配null
ioc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="address" class="com.mashibing.bean.Address">
<property name="province" value="河北"></property>
<property name="city" value="邯鄲"></property>
<property name="town" value="武安"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="person" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person" autowire="byName"></bean>
<bean id="person2" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person" autowire="byType"></bean>
<bean id="person3" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person" autowire="constructor"></bean>
</beans>
6、SpEL的使用
SpEL:Spring Expression Language,spring的表示式語言,支援執行時查詢操作物件
使用#{...}作為語法規則,所有的大括號中的字元都認為是SpEL.
ioc.xml
<bean id="person4" class="com.mashibing.bean.Person">
<!--支援任何運算子-->
<property name="age" value="#{12*2}"></property>
<!--可以引用其他bean的某個屬性值-->
<property name="name" value="#{address.province}"></property>
<!--引用其他bean-->
<property name="address" value="#{address}"></property>
<!--呼叫靜態方法-->
<property name="hobbies" value="#{T(java.util.UUID).randomUUID().toString().substring(0,4)}"></property>
<!--呼叫非靜態方法-->
<property name="gender" value="#{address.getCity()}"></property>
</bean>
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