1. 引言
預設情況下,Spring批處理作業在執行過程中出現任何錯誤都會失敗。然而有些時候,為了提高應用程式的彈性,我們就需要處理這類間歇性的故障。
在這篇短文中,我們就來一起探討 如何在Spring批處理框架中配置重試邏輯。
2. 簡單舉例
假設有一個批處理作業,它讀取一個CSV檔案作為輸入:
username, userid, transaction_date, transaction_amount
sammy, 1234, 31/10/2015, 10000
john, 9999, 3/12/2015, 12321
然後,它通過訪問REST端點來處理每條記錄,獲取使用者的 age 和 postCode 屬性:
public class RetryItemProcessor implements ItemProcessor<Transaction, Transaction> {
@Override
public Transaction process(Transaction transaction) throws IOException {
log.info("RetryItemProcessor, attempting to process: {}", transaction);
HttpResponse response = fetchMoreUserDetails(transaction.getUserId());
//parse user's age and postCode from response and update transaction
...
return transaction;
}
...
}
最後,它生成並輸出一個合併的XML:
<transactionRecord>
<transactionRecord>
<amount>10000.0</amount>
<transactionDate>2015-10-31 00:00:00</transactionDate>
<userId>1234</userId>
<username>sammy</username>
<age>10</age>
<postCode>430222</postCode>
</transactionRecord>
...
</transactionRecord>
3. ItemProcessor 中新增重試
現在假設,如果到REST端點的連線由於某些網路速度慢而超時,該怎麼辦?如果發生這種情況,則我們的批處理工作將失敗。
在這種情況下,我們希望失敗的 item 處理重試幾次。因此,接下來我將批處理作業配置為:在出現故障時執行最多三次重試:
@Bean
public Step retryStep(
ItemProcessor<Transaction, Transaction> processor,
ItemWriter<Transaction> writer) throws ParseException {
return stepBuilderFactory
.get("retryStep")
.<Transaction, Transaction>chunk(10)
.reader(itemReader(inputCsv))
.processor(processor)
.writer(writer)
.faultTolerant()
.retryLimit(3)
.retry(ConnectTimeoutException.class)
.retry(DeadlockLoserDataAccessException.class)
.build();
}
這裡呼叫了 faultTolerant() 來啟用重試功能。另外,我們使用 retry 和 retryLimit 分別定義符合重試條件的異常和 item 的最大重試次數。
4. 測試重試次數
假設我們有一個測試場景,其中返回 age 和 postCode 的REST端點關閉了一段時間。在這個測試場景中,我們只對前兩個 API 呼叫獲取一個 ConnectTimeoutException ,而第三個呼叫將成功:
@Test
public void whenEndpointFailsTwicePasses3rdTime_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
FileSystemResource expectedResult = new FileSystemResource(EXPECTED_OUTPUT);
FileSystemResource actualResult = new FileSystemResource(TEST_OUTPUT);
when(httpResponse.getEntity())
.thenReturn(new StringEntity("{ \"age\":10, \"postCode\":\"430222\" }"));
//fails for first two calls and passes third time onwards
when(httpClient.execute(any()))
.thenThrow(new ConnectTimeoutException("Timeout count 1"))
.thenThrow(new ConnectTimeoutException("Timeout count 2"))
.thenReturn(httpResponse);
JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils
.launchJob(defaultJobParameters());
JobInstance actualJobInstance = jobExecution.getJobInstance();
ExitStatus actualJobExitStatus = jobExecution.getExitStatus();
assertThat(actualJobInstance.getJobName(), is("retryBatchJob"));
assertThat(actualJobExitStatus.getExitCode(), is("COMPLETED"));
AssertFile.assertFileEquals(expectedResult, actualResult);
}
在這裡,我們的工作成功地完成了。另外,從日誌中可以明顯看出 第一條記錄 id=1234 失敗了兩次,最後在第三次重試時成功了:
19:06:57.742 [main] INFO o.s.batch.core.job.SimpleStepHandler - Executing step: [retryStep]
19:06:57.758 [main] INFO o.b.batch.service.RetryItemProcessor - Attempting to process user with id=1234
19:06:57.758 [main] INFO o.b.batch.service.RetryItemProcessor - Attempting to process user with id=1234
19:06:57.758 [main] INFO o.b.batch.service.RetryItemProcessor - Attempting to process user with id=1234
19:06:57.758 [main] INFO o.b.batch.service.RetryItemProcessor - Attempting to process user with id=9999
19:06:57.773 [main] INFO o.s.batch.core.step.AbstractStep - Step: [retryStep] executed in 31ms
同樣,看下另一個測試用例,當所有重試次數都用完時會發生什麼:
@Test
public void whenEndpointAlwaysFail_thenJobFails() throws Exception {
when(httpClient.execute(any()))
.thenThrow(new ConnectTimeoutException("Endpoint is down"));
JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils
.launchJob(defaultJobParameters());
JobInstance actualJobInstance = jobExecution.getJobInstance();
ExitStatus actualJobExitStatus = jobExecution.getExitStatus();
assertThat(actualJobInstance.getJobName(), is("retryBatchJob"));
assertThat(actualJobExitStatus.getExitCode(), is("FAILED"));
assertThat(actualJobExitStatus.getExitDescription(),
containsString("org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException"));
}
在這個測試用例中,在作業因 ConnectTimeoutException
而失敗之前,會嘗試對第一條記錄重試三次。
5. 使用XML配置重試
最後,讓我們看一下與上述配置等價的XML:
<batch:job id="retryBatchJob">
<batch:step id="retryStep">
<batch:tasklet>
<batch:chunk reader="itemReader" writer="itemWriter"
processor="retryItemProcessor" commit-interval="10"
retry-limit="3">
<batch:retryable-exception-classes>
<batch:include class="org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException"/>
<batch:include class="org.springframework.dao.DeadlockLoserDataAccessException"/>
</batch:retryable-exception-classes>
</batch:chunk>
</batch:tasklet>
</batch:step>
</batch:job>
6. 簡單總結
在本文中,我們學習瞭如何在Spring批處理中配置重試邏輯,其中包括使用Java和XML配置。以及使用單元測試來觀察重試在實踐中是如何工作的。
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