七、高可用架構(擴容多Master架構)
Kubernetes作為容器叢集系統,通過健康檢查+重啟策略實現了Pod故障自我修復能力,通過排程演算法實現將Pod分散式部署,並保持預期副本數,根據Node失效狀態自動在其他Node拉起Pod,實現了應用層的高可用性。
針對Kubernetes叢集,高可用性還應包含以下兩個層面的考慮:Etcd資料庫的高可用性和Kubernetes Master元件的高可用性。 而Etcd我們已經採用3個節點組建叢集實現高可用,本節將對Master節點高可用進行說明和實施。
Master節點扮演著總控中心的角色,通過不斷與工作節點上的Kubelet和kube-proxy進行通訊來維護整個叢集的健康工作狀態。如果Master節點故障,將無法使用kubectl工具或者API做任何叢集管理。
Master節點主要有三個服務kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler,其中kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler元件自身通過選擇機制已經實現了高可用,所以Master高可用主要針對kube-apiserver元件,而該元件是以HTTP API提供服務,因此對他高可用與Web伺服器類似,增加負載均衡器對其負載均衡即可,並且可水平擴容。
多Master架構圖:
7.1 安裝Docker
同上,不再贅述。
7.2 部署Master2 Node(192.168.31.74)
Master2 與已部署的Master1所有操作一致。所以我們只需將Master1所有K8s檔案拷貝過來,再修改下伺服器IP和主機名啟動即可。
1. 建立etcd證書目錄
在Master2建立etcd證書目錄:
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/ssl
2. 拷貝檔案(Master1操作)
拷貝Master1上所有K8s檔案和etcd證書到Master2:
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.31.74:/opt
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.31.74:/opt
scp -r /opt/etcd/ssl root@192.168.31.74:/opt/etcd
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube* root@192.168.31.74:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /usr/bin/kubectl root@192.168.31.74:/usr/bin
3. 刪除證書檔案
刪除kubelet證書和kubeconfig檔案:
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
4. 修改配置檔案IP和主機名
修改apiserver、kubelet和kube-proxy配置檔案為本地IP:
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
...
--bind-address=192.168.31.74 \
--advertise-address=192.168.31.74 \
...
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-master2
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-master2
5. 啟動設定開機啟動
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl enable kube-proxy
6. 檢視叢集狀態
kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
7. 批准kubelet證書申請
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU 85m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 34h v1.18.3
k8s-master2 Ready <none> 83m v1.18.3
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 33h v1.18.3
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 33h v1.18.3
如果你在學習中遇到問題或者文件有誤可聯絡阿良~ 微信: init1024
7.3 部署Nginx負載均衡器
kube-apiserver高可用架構圖:
- Nginx是一個主流Web服務和反向代理伺服器,這裡用四層實現對apiserver實現負載均衡。
- Keepalived是一個主流高可用軟體,基於VIP繫結實現伺服器雙機熱備,在上述拓撲中,Keepalived主要根據Nginx執行狀態判斷是否需要故障轉移(偏移VIP),例如當Nginx主節點掛掉,VIP會自動繫結在Nginx備節點,從而保證VIP一直可用,實現Nginx高可用。
1. 安裝軟體包(主/備)
yum install epel-release -y
yum install nginx keepalived -y
2. Nginx配置檔案(主/備一樣)
cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
# 四層負載均衡,為兩臺Master apiserver元件提供負載均衡
stream {
log_format main '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';
access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main;
upstream k8s-apiserver {
server 192.168.31.71:6443; # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT
server 192.168.31.74:6443; # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
}
server {
listen 6443;
proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
}
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
location / {
}
}
}
EOF
3. keepalived配置檔案(Nginx Master)
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_MASTER
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33 # 修改為實際網路卡名
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID例項,每個例項是唯一的
priority 100 # 優先順序,備伺服器設定 90
advert_int 1 # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告間隔時間,預設1秒
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
# 虛擬IP
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.31.88/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF
-
vrrp_script:指定檢查nginx工作狀態指令碼(根據nginx狀態判斷是否故障轉移)
-
virtual_ipaddress:虛擬IP(VIP)
檢查nginx狀態指令碼:
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ps -ef |grep nginx |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
4. keepalived配置檔案(Nginx Backup)
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_BACKUP
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID例項,每個例項是唯一的
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.31.88/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF
上述配置檔案中檢查nginx執行狀態指令碼:
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ps -ef |grep nginx |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
注:keepalived根據指令碼返回狀態碼(0為工作正常,非0不正常)判斷是否故障轉移。
5. 啟動並設定開機啟動
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl enable keepalived
6. 檢視keepalived工作狀態
ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:04:f7:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.31.80/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.31.88/24 scope global secondary ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe04:f72c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
可以看到,在ens33網路卡繫結了192.168.31.88 虛擬IP,說明工作正常。
7. Nginx+Keepalived高可用測試
關閉主節點Nginx,測試VIP是否漂移到備節點伺服器。
在Nginx Master執行 pkill nginx
在Nginx Backup,ip addr命令檢視已成功繫結VIP。
8. 訪問負載均衡器測試
找K8s叢集中任意一個節點,使用curl檢視K8s版本測試,使用VIP訪問:
curl -k https://192.168.31.88:6443/version
{
"major": "1",
"minor": "18",
"gitVersion": "v1.18.3",
"gitCommit": "2e7996e3e2712684bc73f0dec0200d64eec7fe40",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2020-05-20T12:43:34Z",
"goVersion": "go1.13.9",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/amd64"
}
可以正確獲取到K8s版本資訊,說明負載均衡器搭建正常。該請求資料流程:curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver
通過檢視Nginx日誌也可以看到轉發apiserver IP:
tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log -f
192.168.31.81 192.168.31.71:6443 - [30/May/2020:11:15:10 +0800] 200 422
192.168.31.81 192.168.31.74:6443 - [30/May/2020:11:15:26 +0800] 200 422
到此還沒結束,還有下面最關鍵的一步。
7.4 修改所有Worker Node連線LB VIP
試想下,雖然我們增加了Master2和負載均衡器,但是我們是從單Master架構擴容的,也就是說目前所有的Node元件連線都還是Master1,如果不改為連線VIP走負載均衡器,那麼Master還是單點故障。
因此接下來就是要改所有Node元件配置檔案,由原來192.168.31.71修改為192.168.31.88(VIP):
角色 | IP |
---|---|
k8s-master1 | 192.168.31.71 |
k8s-master2 | 192.168.31.74 |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.31.72 |
k8s-node2 | 192.168.31.73 |
也就是通過kubectl get node命令檢視到的節點。
在上述所有Worker Node執行:
sed -i 's#192.168.31.71:6443#192.168.31.88:6443#' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/*
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl restart kube-proxy
檢查節點狀態:
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 34h v1.18.3
k8s-master2 Ready <none> 101m v1.18.3
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 33h v1.18.3
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 33h v1.18.3
至此,一套完整的 Kubernetes 高可用叢集就部署完成了!
PS:如果你是在公有云上,一般都不支援keepalived,那麼你可以直接用它們的負載均衡器產品(內網就行,還免費~),架構與上面一樣,直接負載均衡多臺Master kube-apiserver即可!
如果你在學習中遇到問題或者文件有誤可聯絡阿良~ 微信: init1024