DM7使用DMRMAN工具執行加密備份與設定跟蹤日誌
使用DMRMAN工具執行加密備份與設定跟蹤日誌
下面介紹使用DMRMAN工具執行加密備份與設定跟蹤日誌
1.加密備份
DMRMAN同DIsql工具一樣可使用加密的方式備份資料庫，沒有許可權的使用者無法訪問加密的備份集。
DMRMAN備份命令中透過指定IDENTIFIED BY...WITH ENCRYPTION...ENCRYPT WITH...命令執行加密備份。
加密備份過程中引數IDENTIFIED BY必須指定，引數WITH ENCRYPTION和引數ENCRYPT WITH可不指定。加密備份時不指定WITH ENCRYPTION引數，該引數預設為1，不指定ENCRYPT WITH引數，該引數預設值為AES256_CFB。例如，以下兩種加密備份命令都是合法的：
RMAN> backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' full backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_01' identified by "abcd123456"; backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' full backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_01' identified by ******; checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[4]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[3]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[2]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[1]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[0]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running, write dmrman info. EP[0] max_lsn: 904411 BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], execute...... CMD CHECK LSN...... BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], collect dbf...... CMD CHECK ...... DBF BACKUP SUBS...... total 1 packages processed... total 2 packages processed... total 3 packages processed... total 4 packages processed... total 5 packages processed... total 6 packages processed... total 7 packages processed... total 8 packages processed... DBF BACKUP MAIN...... BACKUPSET [E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_01] END, CODE [0]...... META GENERATING...... total 9 packages processed... total 9 packages processed! CMD END.CODE:[0] backup successfully! time used: 8271.759(ms) RMAN> backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' full backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_02' identified by "abcd123456" encrypt with rc4; backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' full backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_02' identified by ****** encrypt with ******; checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[4]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[3]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[2]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[1]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[0]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running, write dmrman info. EP[0] max_lsn: 904411 BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], execute...... CMD CHECK LSN...... BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], collect dbf...... CMD CHECK ...... DBF BACKUP SUBS...... total 1 packages processed... total 2 packages processed... total 3 packages processed... total 4 packages processed... total 5 packages processed... total 6 packages processed... total 7 packages processed... total 8 packages processed... DBF BACKUP MAIN...... BACKUPSET [E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_02] END, CODE [0]...... META GENERATING...... total 9 packages processed... total 9 packages processed! CMD END.CODE:[0] backup successfully! time used: 7166.572(ms)
若指定了加密密碼，但加密型別WITH ENCRYPTION引數指定為0，則為非加密備份，如下所示：
RMAN> backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' full backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_03' identified by "abcd123456" with encryption 0; backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' full backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_03' identified by ****** with encryption *; checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[4]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[3]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[2]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[1]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[0]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running, write dmrman info. EP[0] max_lsn: 904411 BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], execute...... CMD CHECK LSN...... BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], collect dbf...... CMD CHECK ...... DBF BACKUP SUBS...... total 1 packages processed... total 2 packages processed... total 3 packages processed... total 4 packages processed... total 5 packages processed... total 6 packages processed... total 7 packages processed... total 8 packages processed... DBF BACKUP MAIN...... BACKUPSET [E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_03] END, CODE [0]...... META GENERATING...... total 9 packages processed... total 9 packages processed! CMD END.CODE:[0] backup successfully! time used: 7278.945(ms)
下面以資料庫完全備份為例，建立加密密碼為“abcd123456”，加密演算法為“rc4”的複雜加密型別的資料庫加密備份，完整步驟如下：
1) 保證資料庫處於關閉狀態。
2) 備份資料庫。啟動DMRMAN工具並輸入以下命令。
RMAN> backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' full backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_04' identified by "abcd123456" with encryption 2 encrypt with rc4 backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' full backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_04' identified by ****** with encryption * encrypt with ******; checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[4]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[3]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[2]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[1]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[0]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running, write dmrman info. EP[0] max_lsn: 904411 BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], execute...... CMD CHECK LSN...... BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], collect dbf...... CMD CHECK ...... DBF BACKUP SUBS...... total 1 packages processed... total 2 packages processed... total 3 packages processed... total 4 packages processed... total 5 packages processed... total 6 packages processed... total 7 packages processed... total 8 packages processed... DBF BACKUP MAIN...... BACKUPSET [E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_for_encrypt_04] END, CODE [0]...... META GENERATING...... total 9 packages processed... total 9 packages processed! CMD END.CODE:[0] backup successfully! time used: 7280.960(ms)
對於增量備份加密，如果基備份存在加密，則使用的加密演算法和加密密碼必須與基備份中一致；如果基備份未進行加密處理，則對增量備份使用的加密密碼和演算法沒有特殊要求。
RMAN> backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' increment with backupdir 'E:\dmdbms\backup' backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_incr_for_encrypt_01' identified by "abcd123456" with encryption 2 encrypt with rc4; backup database 'E:\dmdbms\data\jydm\dm.ini' increment with backupdir 'E:\dmdbms\backup' backupset 'E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_incr_for_encrypt_01' identified by ****** with encryption * encrypt with ******; checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[4]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[3]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[2]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[1]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running...[0]. checking if the database under system path [E:\dmdbms\data\jydm] is running, write dmrman info. EP[0] max_lsn: 904411 BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], execute...... CMD CHECK LSN...... BACKUP DATABASE [jydm], collect dbf...... CMD CHECK ...... DBF BACKUP SUBS...... total 1 packages processed... total 2 packages processed... total 3 packages processed... total 4 packages processed... total 5 packages processed... total 6 packages processed... total 7 packages processed... total 8 packages processed... DBF BACKUP MAIN...... BACKUPSET [E:\dmdbms\backup\db_jydm_bak_incr_for_encrypt_01] END, CODE [0]...... META GENERATING...... total 0 packages processed... total 9 packages processed! CMD END.CODE:[-8088],DESC:[無任何資料更新或者日誌產生，無需備份] [-8088]:無任何資料更新或者日誌產生，無需備份 RMAN>
2.設定跟蹤日誌檔案
DMRMAN備份時可選擇生成跟蹤日誌檔案，跟蹤日誌記錄了SBT介面的呼叫過程，使用者透過檢視日誌可跟蹤備份還原過程。
與生成跟蹤日誌檔案相關的引數有兩個，TRACE FILE和TRACE LEVEL。TRACE FILE用於指定生成的跟蹤日誌檔案路徑。與DIsql工具不同的是，DMRMAN不可在備份時指定引數生成跟蹤檔案，只能使用CONFIGURE命令進行事先配置。
使用CONFIGURE DEFAULT...TRACE FILE...TRACE LEVEL命令啟用TRACE功能並設TRACE檔案路徑，以下命令生成TRACE檔案到E:\dmdbms\trace目錄：
RMAN> configure configure THE DMRMAN DEFAULT SETTING: DEFAULT DEVICE: MEDIA : DISK DEFAULT TRACE : FILE : ..\dm_SBTTRACE_202005.log LEVEL : 1 DEFAULT BACKUP DIRECTORY: TOTAL COUNT :1 E:\dmdbms\backup DEFAULT ARCHIVE DIRECTORY: TOTAL COUNT :1 E:\dmdbms\data\arch time used: 37.758(ms) RMAN> configure default trace file 'E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log' trace level 2; configure default trace file 'E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log' trace level 2; configure default trace successfully! time used: 3.387(ms) RMAN> configure configure THE DMRMAN DEFAULT SETTING: DEFAULT DEVICE: MEDIA : DISK DEFAULT TRACE : FILE : E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log LEVEL : 2 DEFAULT BACKUP DIRECTORY: TOTAL COUNT :1 E:\dmdbms\backup DEFAULT ARCHIVE DIRECTORY: TOTAL COUNT :1 E:\dmdbms\data\arch time used: 40.347(ms)
指定引數TRACE FILE但TRACE LEVEL值設定為1即不啟用TRACE功能，會生成TRACE檔案，但不會寫入TRACE資訊。如下所示：
RMAN> configure default trace clear; configure default trace clear; configure default trace clear successfully! time used: 2.183(ms) RMAN> configure configure THE DMRMAN DEFAULT SETTING: DEFAULT DEVICE: MEDIA : DISK DEFAULT TRACE : FILE : LEVEL : 1 DEFAULT BACKUP DIRECTORY: TOTAL COUNT :1 E:\dmdbms\backup DEFAULT ARCHIVE DIRECTORY: TOTAL COUNT :1 E:\dmdbms\data\arch time used: 46.771(ms) RMAN> configure default trace file 'E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log' trace level 1; configure default trace file 'E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log' trace level 1; configure default trace successfully! time used: 4.799(ms)
TRACE LEVEL值設定為2即啟用TRACE功能，但若TRACE FILE沒有指定，系統預設在執行碼路徑的log目錄下生成DM_SBTTRACE_年月.log檔案。
如下所示：
RMAN> configure default trace level 2; configure default trace level 2; configure default trace successfully! time used: 3.124(ms)
若TRACE FILE使用相對路徑，日誌檔案則生成在執行碼同級目錄下。
為資料庫離線備份設定跟蹤日誌檔案的操作步驟如下:
1) 保證資料庫處於關閉狀態。
2) 使用CONFIGURE命令配置生成跟蹤日誌檔案。
RMAN> configure default trace file 'E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log' trace level 2; configure default trace file 'E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log' trace level 2; configure default trace successfully! time used: 2.705(ms)
檢視E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log檔案即可跟蹤本次備份的SBT介面呼叫過程。
如果指定的TRACE檔案已存在，伺服器不會覆蓋已存在的檔案而是在已有檔案基礎上繼續記錄日誌。
RMAN> configure default trace file 'E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log' trace level 1; configure default trace file 'E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log' trace level 1; [-8086]:無效的TRACE檔案[E:\dmdbms\trace\db_jydm_trace.log]
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/26015009/viewspace-2717570/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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