詳解Apache Hudi如何配置各種型別分割槽

leesf發表於2020-08-18
Apache型別

1. 引入

Apache Hudi支援多種分割槽方式資料集，如多級分割槽、單分割槽、時間日期分割槽、無分割槽資料集等，使用者可根據實際需求選擇合適的分割槽方式，下面來詳細瞭解Hudi如何配置何種型別分割槽。

2. 分割槽處理

為說明Hudi對不同分割槽型別的處理，假定寫入Hudi的Schema如下

{
  "type" : "record",
  "name" : "HudiSchemaDemo",
  "namespace" : "hoodie.HudiSchemaDemo",
  "fields" : [ {
    "name" : "age",
    "type" : [ "long", "null" ]
  }, {
    "name" : "location",
    "type" : [ "string", "null" ]
  }, {
    "name" : "name",
    "type" : [ "string", "null" ]
  }, {
    "name" : "sex",
    "type" : [ "string", "null" ]
  }, {
    "name" : "ts",
    "type" : [ "long", "null" ]
  }, {
    "name" : "date",
    "type" : [ "string", "null" ]
  } ]
}

其中一條具體資料如下

{
  "name": "zhangsan", 
  "ts": 1574297893837, 
  "age": 16, 
  "location": "beijing", 
  "sex":"male", 
  "date":"2020/08/16"
}

2.1 單分割槽

單分割槽表示使用一個欄位表示作為分割槽欄位的場景，可具體分為非日期格式欄位（如location）和日期格式欄位（如date）

2.1.1 非日期格式欄位分割槽

如使用上述location欄位做為分割槽欄位，在寫入Hudi並同步至Hive時配置如下

df.write().format("org.apache.hudi").
                options(getQuickstartWriteConfigs()).
                option(DataSourceWriteOptions.TABLE_TYPE_OPT_KEY(), "COPY_ON_WRITE").
                option(DataSourceWriteOptions.PRECOMBINE_FIELD_OPT_KEY(), "ts").
                option(DataSourceWriteOptions.RECORDKEY_FIELD_OPT_KEY(), "name").
                option(DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY(), partitionFields).
                option(DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY(), keyGenerator).
                option(TABLE_NAME, tableName).
                option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.enable", true).
                option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.table", tableName).
                option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.username", "root").
                option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.password", "123456").
                option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.jdbcurl", "jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000").
                option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields", hivePartitionFields).
                option("hoodie.datasource.write.table.type", "COPY_ON_WRITE").
                option("hoodie.embed.timeline.server", false).
                option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class", hivePartitionExtractorClass).
                mode(saveMode).
                save(basePath);

值得注意如下幾個配置項

  • DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為location；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為location，與寫入Hudi的分割槽欄位相同；
  • DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.SimpleKeyGenerator，或者不配置該選項，預設為org.apache.hudi.keygen.SimpleKeyGenerator；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.MultiPartKeysValueExtractor；

Hudi同步到Hive建立的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `notdateformatsinglepartitiondemo`(
  `_hoodie_commit_time` string,
  `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string,
  `_hoodie_record_key` string,
  `_hoodie_partition_path` string,
  `_hoodie_file_name` string,
  `age` bigint,
  `date` string,
  `name` string,
  `sex` string,
  `ts` bigint)
PARTITIONED BY (
  `location` string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/notDateFormatSinglePartitionDemo'
TBLPROPERTIES (
  'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816154250',
  'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597563780')

查詢表notdateformatsinglepartitiondemo

tips: 查詢時請先將hudi-hive-sync-bundle-xxx.jar包放入$HIVE_HOME/lib下

2.1.2 日期格式分割槽

如使用上述date欄位做為分割槽欄位，核心配置項如下

  • DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為date；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為date，與寫入Hudi的分割槽欄位相同；
  • DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.SimpleKeyGenerator，或者不配置該選項，預設為org.apache.hudi.keygen.SimpleKeyGenerator；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.SlashEncodedDayPartitionValueExtractor；

Hudi同步到Hive建立的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `dateformatsinglepartitiondemo`(
  `_hoodie_commit_time` string,
  `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string,
  `_hoodie_record_key` string,
  `_hoodie_partition_path` string,
  `_hoodie_file_name` string,
  `age` bigint,
  `location` string,
  `name` string,
  `sex` string,
  `ts` bigint)
PARTITIONED BY (
  `date` string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/dateFormatSinglePartitionDemo'
TBLPROPERTIES (
  'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816155107',
  'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597564276')

查詢表dateformatsinglepartitiondemo

2.2 多分割槽

多分割槽表示使用多個欄位表示作為分割槽欄位的場景，如上述使用location欄位和sex欄位，核心配置項如下

  • DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為location,sex；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為location,sex，與寫入Hudi的分割槽欄位相同；
  • DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.ComplexKeyGenerator；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.MultiPartKeysValueExtractor；

Hudi同步到Hive建立的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `multipartitiondemo`(
  `_hoodie_commit_time` string,
  `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string,
  `_hoodie_record_key` string,
  `_hoodie_partition_path` string,
  `_hoodie_file_name` string,
  `age` bigint,
  `date` string,
  `name` string,
  `ts` bigint)
PARTITIONED BY (
  `location` string,
  `sex` string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/multiPartitionDemo'
TBLPROPERTIES (
  'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816160557',
  'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597565166')

查詢表multipartitiondemo

2.3 無分割槽

無分割槽場景是指無分割槽欄位，寫入Hudi的資料集無分割槽。核心配置如下

  • DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為空字串；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為空字串，與寫入Hudi的分割槽欄位相同；
  • DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.NonpartitionedKeyGenerator；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.NonPartitionedExtractor；

Hudi同步到Hive建立的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `nonpartitiondemo`(
  `_hoodie_commit_time` string,
  `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string,
  `_hoodie_record_key` string,
  `_hoodie_partition_path` string,
  `_hoodie_file_name` string,
  `age` bigint,
  `date` string,
  `location` string,
  `name` string,
  `sex` string,
  `ts` bigint)
ROW FORMAT SERDE
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/nonPartitionDemo'
TBLPROPERTIES (
  'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816161558',
  'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597565767')

查詢表nonpartitiondemo

2.4 Hive風格分割槽

除了上述幾種常見的分割槽方式，還有一種Hive風格分割槽格式，如location=beijing/sex=male格式，以location,sex作為分割槽欄位，核心配置如下

  • DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為location,sex；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為location,sex，與寫入Hudi的分割槽欄位相同；
  • DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.ComplexKeyGenerator；
  • hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.SlashEncodedDayPartitionValueExtractor；
  • DataSourceWriteOptions.HIVE_STYLE_PARTITIONING_OPT_KEY()配置為true；

生成的Hudi資料集目錄結構會為如下格式

/location=beijing/sex=male

Hudi同步到Hive建立的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `hivestylepartitiondemo`(
  `_hoodie_commit_time` string,
  `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string,
  `_hoodie_record_key` string,
  `_hoodie_partition_path` string,
  `_hoodie_file_name` string,
  `age` bigint,
  `date` string,
  `name` string,
  `ts` bigint)
PARTITIONED BY (
  `location` string,
  `sex` string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/hiveStylePartitionDemo'
TBLPROPERTIES (
  'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816172710',
  'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597570039')

查詢表hivestylepartitiondemo

3. 總結

本篇文章介紹了Hudi如何處理不同分割槽場景，上述配置的分割槽類配置可以滿足絕大多數場景，當然Hudi非常靈活，還支援自定義分割槽解析器，具體可檢視KeyGenerator和PartitionValueExtractor類，其中所有寫入Hudi的分割槽欄位生成器都是KeyGenerator的子類，所有同步至Hive的分割槽值解析器都是PartitionValueExtractor的子類。上述示例程式碼都已經上傳至https://github.com/leesf/hudi-demos，該倉庫會持續補充各種使用Hudi的Demo，方便開發者快速瞭解Hudi，構建企業級資料湖，歡迎star & fork。

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