SpringMVC初體驗

文采杰出發表於2024-06-29
SpringMVC
  • 新建Maven專案
  • pom.xml檔案導包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.powernode</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>springMVC-001</module>
        <module>springmvc-hellomvc</module>
        <module>springmvc-002</module>
        <module>springMVC-003</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.7</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring6</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.0</version>
            <!--指定servlet-api有tomcat容器提供,打包時將不會將servlet-api包加入打包中-->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

     <!--過時了   <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.3</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>
  • 新建maven模組springmvc-002
    在springmvc-002模組中的pom.xml中新增打包方式為war
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.powernode</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springmvc-002</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

</project>
  • 在springmvc-002模組上右擊,新增框架支援,如圖所示:
  • 補充:從Java EE 8開始，Servlet API的維護權轉交給了Eclipse Foundation的Jakarta EE社群。因此，在最新的Jakarta EE版本中，Servlet API的包名已經從javax.servlet更改為了jakarta.servlet。這意味著jakarta.servlet-api是Servlet API在Jakarta EE 9（以及後續版本）中的新命名形式。
  • 新增完web框架後會自動生成web目錄,如圖所示
  • 編輯web.xml檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
         version="5.0">

    <!--前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--Servlet初始化引數,指定springmvc配置檔案和位置-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--在web伺服器啟動時,就啟動DispatcherServlet,最佳化-->
        <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
  • 新增並編輯spring配置檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--元件掃描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.powernode.springmvc.controller"/>


    <!--配置檢視解析器-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring6.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <!--作用於檢視渲染過程中,設定檢視渲染後輸出時採用的編碼字符集-->
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
        <!--若存在多個檢視解析器,配置優先順序,值越小優先順序越高-->
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="templateEngine">
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring6.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring6.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
                        <!--設定模板檔案的位置-->
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
                        <!--設定模板檔案字尾-->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <!--設定模板型別-->
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML"/>
                        <!--設定模板檔案在讀取和解析過程中採用的編碼字符集-->
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>
  • 在com.powernode.springmvc.controller新增IndexController類
package com.powernode.springmvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class IndexController {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/first")
    public String first(){
        System.out.println("業務邏輯");
        return "first";
    }
}
  • 在WEB-INF目錄下新增templates目錄,並在此目錄下新增firstm.html檔案和index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>First HTML PAGE</h1>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首頁</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首頁</h1>
<a th:href="@{/first}">First Spring MVC Code!</a>
</body>
</html>
  • 啟動tomcat10,訪問http://localhost:8080/ 效果圖

    單擊First Spring MVC Code!後開啟下圖

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