Oracle 11g單主搭建物理DG

ywxj_001發表於2020-05-15
Oracle

前提條件：

完成Oracle單機搭建，Oracle軟體和資料庫安裝完成。

完成Oracle備機的Oracle軟體安裝。


可以參考文章：

http://blog.itpub.net/22996654/viewspace-2149816/


完成上述安裝後開始搭建物理DG：

主機IP：172.16.0.21

備機IP：172.16.0.75


把兩個主機都設定好/etc/hosts

[root@aa  ~]# cat /etc/hosts
172.16.0.21  aa
172.16.0.75  bb


在從庫把對應主庫的所有資料目錄、日誌目錄、歸檔目錄都建立好。

[oracle@bb db_1]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump
[oracle@bb db_1]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/WMSPROD
[oracle@bb db_1]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area
[oracle@bb db_1]$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/bin/*
[oracle@bb oradata]$ mkdir -p standbylog
[oracle@bb oradata]$ ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 15 15:45 standbylog

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 14 20:25 WMSPROD


設定監聽：
主庫：
[oracle@aa admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = aa)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=wmsprod)
(ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME=wmsprod)
)
)
[oracle@aa admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
WMSPROD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = aa)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WMSPROD)
)
)
WMSPRODDG =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bb)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WMSPRODDG)
)
)
備庫：
[oracle@bb admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bb)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=wmsproddg)
(ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME=wmsproddg)
)
)
[oracle@bb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
WMSPRODDG =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bb)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WMSPRODDG)
)
)
WMSPROD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = aa)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WMSPROD)
)
)
重啟監聽。

在主庫加standby的日誌檔案：比redo日誌檔案多一組。

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
 2  GROUP 7 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby01.log') SIZE 600m,
 3  GROUP 8 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby02.log') size 600m,
 4  GROUP 9 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby03.log') size 600m,
 5  GROUP 10 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby04.log') size 600m,
 6  GROUP 11 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby05.log') size 600m,
 7  GROUP 12 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby06.log') size 600m,
 8  GROUP 13 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby07.log') size 600m;
Database altered.


修改主從的init檔案：
主庫：
[oracle@aa dbs]$ cat initwmsprod.ora
*.db_name='WMSPROD'
*.memory_target=5G
*.processes = 2000
*.audit_file_dest='/data/oracle/admin/wmsprod/adump'
*.audit_trail ='db'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/data/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
*.diagnostic_dest='/data/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=WMSPRODXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.control_files = (/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control01.ctl,/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control02.ctl)
*.compatible ='11.2.0'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(wmsprod,wmsproddg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=wmsprod'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=wmsprod
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/','/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/','/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=wmsproddg  LGWR ASYNC
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)
db_unique_name=wmsproddg'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.FAL_SERVER=wmsproddg
*.fal_client=wmspro
備庫：
[oracle@bb dbs]$ cat initwmsproddg.ora
*.db_name='WMSPROD'
*.memory_target=5G
*.processes = 2000
*.audit_file_dest='/data/oracle/admin/wmsprod/adump'
*.audit_trail ='db'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/data/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
*.diagnostic_dest='/data/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=WMSPRODXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.control_files = (/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control01.ctl,/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control02.ctl)
*.compatible ='11.2.0'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(wmsprod,wmsproddg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=wmsproddg'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=wmsproddg
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/','/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/','/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=wmsprod  LGWR ASYNC
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)
db_unique_name=wmsprod'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.FAL_SERVER=wmsprod
*.fal_client=wmsprodd


cp 主庫的密碼檔案生成備庫的密碼檔案並放到備庫對應位置：

[oracle@aa dbs]$ cp orapwwmsprod orapwwmsproddg


建立備庫的spfile 檔案，啟動備庫到nomount 模式

 

SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL> startup nomount;



RMAN 複製主庫到備庫
首先從庫RMAN 連線到目標資料庫和輔助資料庫
rman target sys/password@wmsprod auxiliary sys/password@wmsproddg

 

使用RMAN 的duplicate 命令進行復制，兩邊目錄結構相同，需要新增nofilenamecheck 引數

 

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;

 

複製成功後，備庫自動被載入為mount 模式，進入sqlplus 檢視

 

SQL> select status from v$instance;



備庫執行過程：
[oracle@bb admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri May 15 18:09:13 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;                    
File created.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 5344731136 bytes
Fixed Size    2262656 bytes
Variable Size 3724544384 bytes
Database Buffers 1593835520 bytes
Redo Buffers   24088576 bytes
SQL> !
[oracle@bb admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@wmsprod auxiliary sys/oracle@wmsproddg
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 15 18:10:47 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: WMSPROD (DBID=1351169222)
connected to auxiliary database: WMSPROD (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
Starting Duplicate Db at 15-MAY-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=2376 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
  backup as copy reuse
  targetfile  '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwwmsprod' auxiliary format
'/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwwmsproddg'   ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 15-MAY-20
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=96 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 15-MAY-20
contents of Memory Script:
{
  backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control01.ctl';
  restore clone controlfile to  '/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control02.ctl' from
'/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 15-MAY-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_wmsprod.f tag=TAG20200515T181846 RECID=1 STAMP=1040494726
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 15-MAY-20
Starting restore at 15-MAY-20
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 15-MAY-20
contents of Memory Script:
{
  sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
  set newname for tempfile  1 to
"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/temp01.dbf";
  switch clone tempfile all;
  set newname for datafile  1 to
"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf";
  set newname for datafile  2 to
"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf";
  set newname for datafile  3 to
"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf";
  set newname for datafile  4 to
"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf";
  backup as copy reuse
  datafile  1 auxiliary format
"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf"   datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf"   ;
  sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 15-MAY-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf
output file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf tag=TAG20200515T181853
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf
output file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf tag=TAG20200515T181853
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20200515T181853
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20200515T181853
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 15-MAY-20
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
  switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=1040494790 file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=1040494790 file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1040494790 file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1040494790 file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 15-MAY-20

檢視備庫歸檔模式：
[oracle@bb admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri May 15 18:32:46 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode       Archive Mode
Automatic archival       Enabled
Archive destination       /data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence     7
Next log sequence to archive   0
Current log sequence       8
如果沒有建這個archivelog目錄。
會在上級目錄生成同步的歸檔日誌檔案。


主庫切日誌組：
切日誌：
SQL> alter system switch logfile
 2  ;
System altered.
[oracle@aa archivelog]$ ll
total 105956
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 56715776 May 14 20:50 1_2_1040413510.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 47865344 May 15 17:33 1_3_1040413510.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    44544 May 15 17:33 1_4_1040413510.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  2842624 May 15 18:18 1_5_1040413510.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    28160 May 15 18:19 1_6_1040413510.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   151040 May 15 18:24 1_7_1040413510.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   844800 May 15 18:50 1_8_1040413510.dbf
備庫日誌同步：
[oracle@bb archivelog]$ ll
total 828
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 844800 May 15 18:50 1_8_1040413510.dbf
查備庫：
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME
---------

WMSPROD


關閉審計：
第1步：檢視審計功能是否開啟？
SQL> show parameter audit;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest                   string      /u01/app/oracle/admin/ORCL/adump
audit_sys_operations      boolean     FALSE
audit_syslog_level            string
audit_trail                            string      NONE
audit_trail 的value值為NONE表示不開啟；
audit_trail 的value值為FALSE表示不開啟；
audit_trail 的value值為DB表示開啟；
audit_trail 的value值為TURE表示開啟；
audit_trail 的value值為OS表示審計記錄寫入一個作業系統檔案（不是特別理解）；
第2步：開啟審計功能
SQL> alter system set audit_sys_operations=TRUE scope=spfile;--審計管理使用者(以sysdba/sysoper角色登陸)
SQL> alter system set audit_trail=db,extended scope=spfile;
重啟例項
第3步：關閉審計功能
SQL> conn /as sysdba
SQL> show parameter audit
SQL> alter system set audit_trail = none scope=spfile;
重啟例項

OK。


SQL> show parameter audit;


NAME      TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

audit_file_dest      string /data/oracle/admin/wmsprod/adu

mp

audit_sys_operations      boolean FALSE

audit_syslog_level      string

audit_trail      string DB

SQL> alter system set audit_trail = none scope=spfile;


System altered.


SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup;

ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 5344731136 bytes

Fixed Size     2262656 bytes

Variable Size 3724544384 bytes

Database Buffers 1593835520 bytes

Redo Buffers    24088576 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> show parameter audit;


NAME      TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

audit_file_dest      string /data/oracle/admin/wmsprod/adu

mp

audit_sys_operations      boolean FALSE

audit_syslog_level      string

audit_trail      string NONE


在備庫開啟實時日誌應用
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
主備庫角色狀態查詢
SQL> select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
-- 主庫顯示：TO STANDBY/PRIMARY ，如果顯示SESSION ACTIVE 表示還有活動的會話，需要關閉活動的會話再檢查
-- 備庫顯示：NOT ALLOWED/PHYSICAL STANDBY


測試 DG

執行日誌切換測試
在主庫端切換歸檔，在備庫檢查是否也發生了切換

 

主庫上執行日誌切換

 

SQL> archive log list;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> archive log list;
備庫上檢視，日誌的sequence 號也跟著變了

 

SQL> archive log list;
1
檢視備庫啟動的 DG 程式
SQL> select PROCESS ,STATUS from   v$managed_standby;

 

PROCESS                       STATUS
--------------------------- ------------------------------------
ARCH                              CONNECTED
ARCH                              CONNECTED
ARCH                              CONNECTED
ARCH                              CLOSING
RFS                         IDLE
RFS                         IDLE
RFS                         IDLE
MRP0                              APPLYING_LOG
檢視資料庫的保護模式
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;

 

DATABASE_ROLE                                           PROTECTION_MODE                                                PROTECTION_LEVEL                                                     OPEN_MODE
------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
PRIMARY                                               MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE                                             MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE                                                 READ WRITE
檢視 DG 的日誌資訊
SQL> select * from v$dataguard_status;
1
Open Read Only Standby 資料庫
以只讀方式開啟備庫，並開啟實時日誌應用

 

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;
SQL> select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;


在DG上執行：
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY

物理備庫。
SQL> select status from v$instance;


STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

原本DG是mount狀態。
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
Database altered.
斷應用同步。
SQL> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
Database altered.
開啟應用同步。
SQL> select RECOVERY_MODE from v$archive_dest_status where rownum<5;
RECOVERY_MODE
-----------------------
MANAGED REAL TIME APPLY
IDLE
IDLE
IDLE


SQL> SELECT NAME,VALUE,UNIT,TIME_COMPUTED

  2  FROM V$DATAGUARD_STATS

  3  WHERE NAME IN ('transport lag','apply lag');


NAME       VALUE    UNIT   TIME_COMPUTED

------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

transport lag +00 00:00:00    day(2) to second(0) interval   05/15/2020 19:41:55

apply lag     +00 00:00:00    day(2) to second(0) interval   05/15/2020 19:41:55


主庫日誌資訊：

SQL> select thread#, max(sequence#) from v$archived_log group by thread#;


   THREAD# MAX(SEQUENCE#)

---------- --------------

1        14


SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode        Archive Mode

Automatic archival        Enabled

Archive destination        /data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog

Oldest online log sequence     10

Next log sequence to archive   15

Current log sequence        15


備庫日誌資訊：

SQL> select thread#, max(sequence#) from v$archived_log where applied='YES' group by thread#;


   THREAD# MAX(SEQUENCE#)

---------- --------------

1        13


SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode        Archive Mode

Automatic archival        Enabled

Archive destination        /data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog

Oldest online log sequence     10

Next log sequence to archive   0

Current log sequence        15


主備同步正常。


以上完成物理DG搭建。



來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/22996654/viewspace-2692483/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。

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