009 Rust 網路程式設計，序列化與反序列化

介紹

serde crate 是 Serde 生態的核心。serde_derive crate 提供必要的工具，使用過程宏來派生 Serialize 和 Deserialize。但是serde只提供序列化和反序列化的框架，具體的操作還需要依賴具體的包，如serde_json和serde_yaml等。
下面透過兩個例子來介紹。

序列化與序列化示例

簡單例項一

• 建立工程

  cargo new use_ser

• 修改Cargo.toml檔案，新增依賴

  [dependencies]
  serde = { version = "1.0.106", features = ["derive"] }
  serde_json = "1.0.52"
  serde_yaml = "0.8.11"

• 編寫原始碼：

  use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
  #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
  struct ServerConfig {
    workers: u64,
    ignore: bool,
    auth_server: Option<String>,
  }
  fn main() {
    let config = ServerConfig {
        workers: 100,
        ignore: false,
        auth_server: Some(String::from("auth.server.io")),
    };
    {
        println!("To and from Json");
        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&config).unwrap();
        println!("serialized: {}", serialized);
        println!("");
  
        let deserialized: ServerConfig = serde_json::from_str(&serialized).unwrap();
        println!("deserialized: {:#?}", deserialized);
    }
  
    println!("");
    println!("");
  
    {
        println!("To and from Yaml");
        let serialized = serde_yaml::to_string(&config).unwrap();
        println!("serialized: {}", serialized);
  
        println!("");
        let deserialized: ServerConfig = serde_yaml::from_str(&serialized).unwrap();
        println!("deserialized: {:#?}", deserialized);
    }
  }

• 執行結果

  To and from Json
  serialized: {"workers":100,"ignore":false,"auth_server":"auth.server.io"}
  deserialized: ServerConfig {
    workers: 100,
    ignore: false,
    auth_server: Some(
        "auth.server.io",
    ),
  }
  To and from Yaml
  serialized: ---
  workers: 100
  ignore: false
  auth_server: auth.server.io
  deserialized: ServerConfig {
    workers: 100,
    ignore: false,
    auth_server: Some(
        "auth.server.io",
    ),
  }

  網路例子

  server端

• 建立工程

  cargo new server

• 修改Cargo.toml檔案，新增依賴

  [dependencies]
  serde = { version = "1.0.106", features = ["derive"] }
  serde_json = "1.0.52"

• 原始碼

  use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
  use serde_json;
  use std::io::{self, prelude::*, BufReader, Write};
  use std::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};
  use std::{str, thread};
  #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
  struct Point3D {
    x: u32,
    y: u32,
    z: u32,
  }
  fn handle_client(stream: TcpStream) -> io::Result<()> {
    println!("Incoming connection from: {}", stream.peer_addr()?);
    let mut data = Vec::new();
    let mut stream = BufReader::new(stream);
  
    loop {
        data.clear();
  
        let bytes_read = stream.read_until(b'\n', &mut data)?;
        if bytes_read == 0 {
            return Ok(());
        }
        let input: Point3D = serde_json::from_slice(&data)?;
        let value = input.x.pow(2) + input.y.pow(2) + input.z.pow(2);
  
        stream.get_mut().write(&(serde_json::to_vec(&(f64::from(value).sqrt()))?))?;
        stream.get_mut().write(&("\n".as_bytes()))?;
        stream.get_mut().flush()?;
  
        // write!(stream.get_mut(), "{}", f64::from(value).sqrt())?;
        // write!(stream.get_mut(), "{}", "\n")?;
    }
  }
  fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("0.0.0.0:8080")?;
    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        match stream {
            Err(e) => eprintln!("failed: {}", e),
            Ok(stream) => {
                thread::spawn(move || {
                    handle_client(stream).unwrap_or_else(|error| eprintln!("{:?}", error));
                });
            }
        }
    }
  
    Ok(())
  }

  client端

• 建立工程

  cargo new client

• 修改Cargo.toml檔案，新增依賴

  [dependencies]
  serde = { version = "1.0.106", features = ["derive"] }
  serde_json = "1.0.52"

• 原始碼

  use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
  use serde_json;
  use std::io::{self, prelude::*, BufReader, Write};
  use std::net::TcpStream;
  use std::str;
  #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
  struct Point3D {
    x: u32,
    y: u32,
    z: u32,
  }
  fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    let mut stream = TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:8080")?;
  
    println!("Please provide a 3D point as three comma separated integers");
    loop {
        let mut input = String::new();
        let mut buffer: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
        io::stdin()
            .read_line(&mut input)
            .expect("Failed to read from stdin");
        let parts: Vec<&str> = input.trim_matches('\n').split(',').collect();
        let point = Point3D {
            x: parts[0].parse().unwrap(),
            y: parts[1].parse().unwrap(),
            z: parts[2].parse().unwrap(),
        };
  
        stream
            .write_all(serde_json::to_string(&point).unwrap().as_bytes())
            .expect("Failed to write to server");
        stream.write_all(b"\n").expect("Failed to write to server");
  
        let mut reader = BufReader::new(&stream);
        reader
            .read_until(b'\n', &mut buffer)
            .expect("Could not read into buffer");
        let input = str::from_utf8(&buffer).expect("Could not write buffer as string");
        if input == "" {
            eprintln!("Empty response from server");
        }
        print!("Response from server {}", input);
    }
  }

  執行方式

• 先起server端

  cargo run server

• 起客戶端

  cargo run client

  客戶端如下：

  Please provide a 3D point as three comma separated integers
  1,2,3 //輸入1,2,3
  Response from server 3.7416573867739413 //返回計算結果

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