ORACLE備份&恢復案例二(轉)

zhouwf0726發表於2019-02-02
Oracle

4.3.2 RMAN備份方案

RMAN備份歸檔模式下損壞（丟失）多個資料檔案，進行整個資料庫的恢復

1、連線資料庫，建立測試表並插入記錄

SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003

(c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> create table test(a int);

Table created

SQL> insert into test values(1);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

2、備份資料庫

DOS下 C:> rman cmdfile=bakup.rcv msglog=backup.log;

以下是backup.log內容。

Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production

RMAN> # script:bakup.rcv

2> # creater:chenjiping

3> # date:5.8.2003

4> # desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman

5>

6> #connect database

7> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back;

8> connect target internal/virpure;

9>

10> #start backup database

11> run{

12> allocate channel c1 type disk;

13> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:backupfull%u_%s_%p' database

14> include current controlfile;

15> sql 'alter system archive log current';

16> release channel c1;

17> }

18> #end

19>

RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)

RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate

RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate

RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1

RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=15 devtype=DISK

RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup

RMAN-03023: executing command: backup

RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset

RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03

RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF

RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTTEMP01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTUSER01.DBF

RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created

RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:BACKUPFULL04EN5UG0_4_1 comment=NONE

RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql

RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current

RMAN-03023: executing command: sql

RMAN-03022: compiling command: release

RMAN-03023: executing command: release

RMAN-08031: released channel: c1

Recovery Manager complete.

到這裡表示備份成功。

3、繼續在測試表中插入記錄

SQL> insert into test values(2);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

4、關閉資料庫，模擬丟失資料檔案

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF

5、啟動資料庫，檢查錯誤

SQL> STARTUP

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes

Fixed Size 70924 bytes

Variable Size 85487616 bytes

Database Buffers 16384000 bytes

Redo Buffers 77824 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF'

查詢v$recover_file

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- -----------

1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

可以知道有四個資料檔案需要恢復

6、利用RMAN進行恢復

C:>rman

Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production

RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back

RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> connect target internal/virpure

RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel c1 type disk;

3> restore database;

4> recover database;

5> sql 'alter database open';

6> release channel c1;

7> }

RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate

RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate

RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1

RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=17 devtype=DISK

RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore

RMAN-03025: performing implicit partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE

RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE

RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore

RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03

RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTUSER01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTTEMP01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF

RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1

RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:BACKUPFULL04EN5UG0_4_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL

RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1)

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2)

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3)

RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3)

RMAN-08054: starting media recovery

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4)

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 327 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00327.ARC

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 328 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00328.ARC

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 329 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00329.ARC

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 330 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00330.ARC

RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4)

RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00327.ARC thread=1 sequence=327

RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00328.ARC thread=1 sequence=328

RMAN-08055: media recovery complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql

RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter database open

RMAN-03023: executing command: sql

RMAN-03022: compiling command: release

RMAN-03023: executing command: release

RMAN-08031: released channel: c1

RMAN>

7、檢查資料庫的資料（完全恢復）

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

說明：

1、只要有備份與歸檔存在，RMAN也可以實現資料庫的完全恢復（不丟失資料）

2、同OS備份資料庫恢復，適合於丟失大量資料檔案，或包含系統資料檔案在內的資料庫的恢復

3、目標資料庫在mount下進行，如果恢復成功，再開啟資料庫。

4、RMAN的備份與恢復命令相對比較簡單並可靠，建議有條件的話，都採用RMAN進行資料庫的備份。

4.4 不完全恢復案例

4.4.1 OS備份下的基於時間的恢復

不完全恢復可以分為基於時間的恢復，基於改變的恢復與基於撤消的恢復，這裡已基於時間的恢復為例子來說明不完全恢復過程。

基於時間的恢復可以不完全恢復到現在時間之前的某一個時間，對於某些誤操作，如刪除了一個資料表，可以在備用恢復環境上恢復到表的刪除時間之前，然後把該表匯出到正式環境，避免一個人為的錯誤。

1、連線資料庫，建立測試表並插入記錄

SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003

(c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> create table test(a int);

Table created

SQL> insert into test values(1);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

2、備份資料庫，這裡最好備份所有的資料檔案，包括臨時資料檔案

SQL> @hotbak.sql 或在DOS下 svrmgrl @hotbak.sql

或冷備份也可以

3、刪除測試表，假定刪除前的時間為T1，在刪除之前，便於測試，繼續插入資料並應用到歸檔。

SQL> insert into test values(2);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

Statement processed.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

Statement processed.

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY

-------------------

2003-05-21 14:43:01

SQL> drop table test;

Table dropped.

4、準備恢復到時間點T1，找回刪除的表，先關閉資料庫

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

5、拷貝剛才備份的所有資料檔案回來

C:>copy D:DATABAK*.DBF D:ORACLEORADATATEST

6、啟動到mount下

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes

Fixed Size 70924 bytes

Variable Size 85487616 bytes

Database Buffers 16384000 bytes

Redo Buffers 77824 bytes

Database mounted.

7、開始不完全恢復資料庫到T1時間

SQL> recover database until time '2003-05-21:14:43:01';

ORA-00279: change 30944 generated at 05/21/2003 14:40:06 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00191.ARC

ORA-00280: change 30944 for thread 1 is in sequence #191

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

auto

Log applied.

Media recovery complete.

8、開啟資料庫，檢查資料

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

說明：

1、不完全恢復最好備份所有的資料，冷備份亦可，因為恢復過程是從備份點往後恢復的，如果因為其中一個資料檔案的時間戳(SCN)大於要恢復的時間點，那麼恢復都是不可能成功的。

2、不完全恢復有三種方式，過程都一樣，僅僅是recover命令有所不一樣，這裡用基於時間的恢復作為示例。

3、不完全恢復之後，都必須用resetlogs的方式開啟資料庫，建議馬上再做一次全備份，因為resetlogs之後再用以前的備份恢復是很難了。

4、以上是在刪除之前獲得時間，但是實際應用中，很難知道刪除之前的實際時間，但可以採用大致時間即可，或可以採用分析日誌檔案(logmnr)，取得精確的需要恢復的時間。

5、一般都是在測試機後備用機器上採用這種不完全恢復，恢復之後匯出/匯入被誤刪的表回生產系統

4.4.2 RMAN備份下的基於改變的恢復

以上用OS備份說明了一個基於時間的恢復，現在用RMAN說明一個基於改變的恢復

1、連線資料庫，建立測試表並插入記錄

SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003

(c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> create table test(a int);

Table created

SQL> insert into test values(1);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

2、備份資料庫

C:>rman

Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production

RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back

RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> connect target internal/virpure

RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=874705288)

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel c1 type disk;

3> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:backupfull%u_%s_%p' database

4> include current controlfile;

5> sql 'alter system archive log current';

6> release channel c1;

7> }

RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate

RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate

RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1

RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=12 devtype=DISK

RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup

RMAN-03023: executing command: backup

RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset

RMAN-08502: set_count=1 set_stamp=494607834 creation_time=21-MAY-03

RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF

RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTUSERS01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTTEMP01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF

RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created

RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:BACKUPFULL01ENM7EQ_1_1 comment=NONE

RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:16

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql

RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current

RMAN-03023: executing command: sql

RMAN-03022: compiling command: release

RMAN-03023: executing command: release

RMAN-08031: released channel: c1

RMAN>

3、刪除測試表，在刪除之前，便於測試，繼續插入資料並應用到歸檔，並獲取刪除前的scn號。

SQL> insert into test values(2);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

Statement processed.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

Statement processed.

SQL> select max(ktuxescnw * power(2, 32) + ktuxescnb) scn from x$ktuxe;

SCN

----------

31014

SQL> drop table test;

Table dropped.

4、準備恢復到SCN 31014，先關閉資料庫，然後啟動到mount下

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 53126412 bytes

Fixed Size 70924 bytes

Variable Size 26763264 bytes

Database Buffers 26214400 bytes

Redo Buffers 77824 bytes

Database mounted.

5、開始恢復到改變點SCN 31014

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel c1 type disk;

3> restore database;

4> recover database until scn 31014;

5> sql 'ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS';

6> release channel c1;

7> }

RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate

RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate

RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1

RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=10 devtype=DISK

RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore

RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE

RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE

RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore

RMAN-08502: set_count=1 set_stamp=494613682 creation_time=21-MAY-03

RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTUSERS01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTTEMP01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF

RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1

RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:BACKUPFULL01ENMD5I_1_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL

RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1)

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2)

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3)

RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3)

RMAN-08054: starting media recovery

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4)

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 191 is already on disk as file D:ORACL

EORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00191.ARC

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 192 is already on disk as file D:ORACL

EORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00192.ARC

RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4)

RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00191.AR

C thread=1 sequence=191

RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00192.AR

C thread=1 sequence=192

RMAN-08055: media recovery complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql

RMAN-06162: sql statement: ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS

RMAN-03023: executing command: sql

RMAN-03022: compiling command: release

RMAN-03023: executing command: release

RMAN-08031: released channel: c1

6、檢查資料

Database altered.

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

可以看到，表依然存在

說明：

1、RMAN也可以實現不完全恢復，方法比OS備份恢復的方法更簡單可靠

2、RMAN可以基於時間，基於改變與基於日誌序列的不完全恢復，基於日誌序列的恢復可以指定恢復到哪個日誌序列，如

run {

allocate channel ch1 type disk;

allocate channel ch2 type 'sbt_tape';

set until logseq 1234 thread 1;

restore controlfile to '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/cf1.f' ;

replicate controlfile from '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/cf1.f';

alter database mount;

restore database;

recover database;

sql "ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS";

}

3、與所有的不完全恢復一樣，必須在mount下，restore所有備份資料檔案，需要resetlogs

4、基於改變的恢復比基於時間的恢復更可靠，但是可能也更復雜，需要知道需要恢復到哪一個改變號(SCN)，在正常生產中，獲取SCN的辦法其實也有很多，如查詢資料庫字典表(V$archived_log or v$log_history)，或分析歸檔與聯機日誌(logmnr)等。

來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/756652/viewspace-242241/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。

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