寫在前面
為什麼會寫這篇文章,起因於和朋友的聊天
這又觸及到我的知識盲區了,首先來一波面向百度學習,直接根據關鍵字httpclient和okhttp的區別、效能比較進行搜尋,沒有找到想要的答案,於是就去overstackflow上看看是不是有人問過這個問題,果然不會讓你失望的 所以從使用、效能、超時配置方面進行比較使用
HttpClient和OkHttp一般用於呼叫其它服務,一般服務暴露出來的介面都為http,http常用請求型別就為GET、PUT、POST和DELETE,因此主要介紹這些請求型別的呼叫
HttpClient使用介紹
使用HttpClient傳送請求主要分為一下幾步驟:
- 建立 CloseableHttpClient物件或CloseableHttpAsyncClient物件,前者同步,後者為非同步
- 建立Http請求物件
- 呼叫execute方法執行請求,如果是非同步請求在執行之前需呼叫start方法
建立連線:
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
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該連線為同步連線
GET請求:
@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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使用HttpGet表示該連線為GET請求,HttpClient呼叫execute方法傳送GET請求
PUT請求:
@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build();
httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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POST請求:
- 新增物件
該請求是一個建立物件的請求,需要傳入一個json字串@Test public void testPost() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build(); httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8"); httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); } 複製程式碼
- 上傳檔案
通過addPart上傳檔案@Test public void testUpload1() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學習/docker_practice.pdf"); FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file); MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create(); builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE); builder.addPart("file", fileBody); //addPart上傳檔案 HttpEntity entity = builder.build(); httpPost.setEntity(entity); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); } 複製程式碼
DELETE請求:
@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user/12";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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請求的取消:
@Test
public void testCancel() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //設定超時時間
//測試連線的取消
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
while (true) {
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) {
httpGet.abort();
System.out.println("task canceled");
break;
}
}
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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呼叫abort方法取消請求 執行結果:
task canceled
cost 8098 msc
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket'
java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
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OkHttp使用
使用OkHttp傳送請求主要分為一下幾步驟:
- 建立OkHttpClient物件
- 建立Request物件
- 將Request 物件封裝為Call
- 通過Call 來執行同步或非同步請求,呼叫execute方法同步執行,呼叫enqueue方法非同步執行
建立連線:
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
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GET請求:
@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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PUT請求:
@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
//請求引數
UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build();
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),
JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO));
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.put(requestBody)
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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POST請求:
-
新增物件
@Test public void testPost() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //請求引數 JSONObject json = new JSONObject(); json.put("name", "hetiantian"); RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), String.valueOf(json)); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) //post請求 .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); } 複製程式碼
-
上傳檔案
@Test public void testUpload() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder() .setType(MultipartBody.FORM) .addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf", RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學習/docker_practice.pdf"))) .build(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) //預設為GET請求,可以不寫 .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); } 複製程式碼
通過addFormDataPart方法模擬表單方式上傳檔案
DELETE請求:
@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
//請求引數
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.delete()
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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請求的取消:
@Test
public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
//測試連線的取消
while (true) {
//1分鐘獲取不到結果就取消請求
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) {
call.cancel();
System.out.println("task canceled");
break;
}
}
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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呼叫cancel方法進行取消 測試結果:
task canceled
cost 9110 msc
java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
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小結
- OkHttp使用build模式建立物件來的更簡潔一些,並且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示請求型別,不需要像HttpClient建立HttpGet、HttpPost等這些方法來建立請求型別
- 依賴包上,如果HttpClient需要傳送非同步請求、實現檔案上傳,需要額外的引入非同步請求依賴
<!---檔案上傳--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId> <version>4.5.3</version> </dependency> <!--非同步請求--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.3</version> </dependency> 複製程式碼
- 請求的取消,HttpClient使用abort方法,OkHttp使用cancel方法,都挺簡單的,如果使用的是非同步client,則在丟擲異常時呼叫取消請求的方法即可
超時設定
HttpClient超時設定:
在HttpClient4.3+版本以上,超時設定通過RequestConfig進行設定
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)
.setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build();
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //設定超時時間
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超時時間是設定在請求型別HttpGet上,而不是HttpClient上
OkHttp超時設定:
直接在OkHttp上進行設定
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設定連線超時時間
.readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設定讀取超時時間
.build();
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小結:
如果client是單例模式,HttpClient在設定超時方面來的更靈活,針對不同請求型別設定不同的超時時間,OkHttp一旦設定了超時時間,所有請求型別的超時時間也就確定
HttpClient和OkHttp效能比較
測試環境:
- CPU 六核
- 記憶體 8G
- windows10
每種測試用例都測試五次,排除偶然性
client連線為單例:
client連線不為單例: 單例模式下,HttpClient的響應速度要更快一些,單位為毫秒,效能差異相差不大 非單例模式下,OkHttp的效能更好,HttpClient建立連線比較耗時,因為多數情況下這些資源都會寫成單例模式,因此圖一的測試結果更具有參考價值總結
OkHttp和HttpClient在效能和使用上不分伯仲,根據實際業務選擇即可
最後附:示例程式碼,歡迎fork與star*
好久沒有對外輸出文章了