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公眾號:顧林海(每天更新優質文章)
今天,我們來解決一個問題:
Activity外掛化原理第一種方案:Hook Instrumentation
人生一切難題,知識給你答案。
Activity的外掛化解決的一個根本性問題就是外掛中的Activity並沒有在宿主的AndroidManifest.xml中進行註冊,也就是說我們需要啟動一個未註冊的Activity,因此需要對Activity的啟動過程有個瞭解。
啟動Activity時會請求AMS建立Activity,這裡的AMS指的是ActivityManagerService,AMS所屬的程式與宿主(發起者)不屬於同一個程式,AMS位於SystemServer程式中。
應用程式程式與AMS之間的通訊是通過Binder來實現的,AMS要管理所有APP的啟動請求,因此我們不能在SystemServer程式中進行相應的Hook,那麼我們只能在應用程式中進行相應的Hook。
如果我們啟動一個未註冊的Activity,AMS會去檢查AndroidManifest中是否註冊了該Activity,如果未註冊會報錯。
為了讓AMS驗證通過,需要啟動一個預先在AndroidManifest中註冊的Activity,我們稱之為佔坑,在啟動外掛Activity時替換為佔坑Activity,達到一個欺上瞞下的作用,當AMS驗證通過之後,需要將啟動的佔坑Activity替換為外掛Activity。
總結下來Activity的外掛化需要做兩件事:
- 將請求啟動的外掛Activity替換為佔坑Activity。
- 繞過AMS驗證後,將佔坑Activity替換為外掛Activity。
什麼時候將外掛Activity替換為佔坑Activity?又是什麼時候還原外掛Activity?這需要我們對Activity的啟動流程有個相應的認識。
我們在Activity中呼叫startActivity方法如下:
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
this.startActivity(intent, null);
}
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}
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呼叫startActivityForResult方法:
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
@Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
//Activity啟動
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
mStartedActivity = true;
}
cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
windows.
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
}
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startActivityForResult方法中通過呼叫mInstrumentation的execStartActivity方法來啟動Activity,這個mInstrumentation是Activity的成員變數,在ActivityThread的performLaunchActivity方法中通過Activity的attach方法傳入,同時Activity的建立也是在performLaunchActivity方法中建立的,通過mInstrumentation.newActivity。
//:/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
...
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
}
...
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);
...
}
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綜上所述Instrumentation提供了execStartActivity方法來啟動Activity,newActivity方法來建立Activity。因此,第一種方案就是用代理Instrumentation來替代Activity的Instrumentation,並在代理Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法中替換為佔坑Activity,在newActivity方法還原外掛Activity。
現在我們基於第一種方案Hook Instrumentation來實現Activity的外掛化。
首先建立佔坑Activity:
public class StubActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_stub);
}
}
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建立外掛Activity:
public class TargetActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_target);
}
}
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並在AndroidManifest.xml中註冊佔坑Activity:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
package="com.glh.haiproject01">
<application
android:name=".MyApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
tools:ignore="AllowBackup,GoogleAppIndexingWarning">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".StubActivity" />
</application>
</manifest>
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在AndroidManifest.xml中沒有註冊外掛Activity,這時如果啟動外掛Activity會報錯。
最後Hook Instrumentation,將ActivityThread中的成員變數Instrumentation替換成代理的Instrumentation。
建立代理Instrumentation類:
public class InstrumentationProxy extends Instrumentation {
private Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
private PackageManager mPackageManager;
public InstrumentationProxy(Instrumentation instrumentation, PackageManager packageManager) {
this.mInstrumentation = instrumentation;
this.mPackageManager = packageManager;
}
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
List<ResolveInfo> resolveInfo = mPackageManager.queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_ALL);
//判斷啟動的外掛Activity是否在AndroidManifest.xml中註冊過
if (null == resolveInfo || resolveInfo.size() == 0) {
//儲存目標外掛
intent.putExtra(HookHelper.REQUEST_TARGET_INTENT_NAME, intent.getComponent().getClassName());
//設定為佔坑Activity
intent.setClassName(who, "com.glh.haiproject01.StubActivity");
}
try {
Method execStartActivity = Instrumentation.class.getDeclaredMethod("execStartActivity",
Context.class, IBinder.class, IBinder.class, Activity.class,
Intent.class, int.class, Bundle.class);
return (ActivityResult) execStartActivity.invoke(mInstrumentation, who, contextThread, token, target, intent, requestCode, options);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public Activity newActivity(ClassLoader cl, String className, Intent intent) throws InstantiationException,
IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
String intentName=intent.getStringExtra(HookHelper.REQUEST_TARGET_INTENT_NAME);
if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(intentName)){
return super.newActivity(cl,intentName,intent);
}
return super.newActivity(cl,className,intent);
}
}
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代理類InstrumentationProxy的execStartActivity方法先判斷外掛Activity是否在AndroidManifest.xml中註冊過,如果沒有註冊過就需要替換佔坑的Activity,在newActivity方法中還原外掛Activity。
代理類InstrumentationProxy寫完後,需要對ActivityThread的成員變數mInstrumentation進行替換。
public class MyApplication extends Application {
@Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
super.attachBaseContext(base);
hookActivityThreadInstrumentation();
}
private void hookActivityThreadInstrumentation(){
try {
Class<?> activityThreadClass=Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread");
Field activityThreadField=activityThreadClass.getDeclaredField("sCurrentActivityThread");
activityThreadField.setAccessible(true);
//獲取ActivityThread物件sCurrentActivityThread
Object activityThread=activityThreadField.get(null);
Field instrumentationField=activityThreadClass.getDeclaredField("mInstrumentation");
instrumentationField.setAccessible(true);
//從sCurrentActivityThread中獲取成員變數mInstrumentation
Instrumentation instrumentation= (Instrumentation) instrumentationField.get(activityThread);
//建立代理物件InstrumentationProxy
InstrumentationProxy proxy=new InstrumentationProxy(instrumentation,getPackageManager());
//將sCurrentActivityThread中成員變數mInstrumentation替換成代理類InstrumentationProxy
instrumentationField.set(activityThread,proxy);
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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這時我們在主介面點選跳轉外掛Activity:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
findViewById(R.id.btn_startActivity).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,TargetActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
}
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執行效果: