在WSL2的Ubuntu中安裝和使用Docker/Podman
0. 目的
當網路環境良好（例如在公司，能直接訪問Google等）時， Docker/Podman 安裝和使用不是問題。
當網路環境不佳（例如在家裡），要把 WSL2 的 Ubuntu 安裝好 Docker， 並順利拉取 Docker/Podman 映象， 並且執行的映象例項也需要把網路問題搞定，我踩了5個坑， 記錄如下。
我使用 WSL2， Ubuntu22.04。
1. 第一個坑：Docker Desktop 的 “誘惑”
Docker 官方文件太亂，兩句話說清楚的非要寫兩百句， 動不動就讓你安裝 Docker Desktop。 裝了有什麼好處呢？ 除了潛在的 “商業用途， 交錢”，我沒看到任何用處。
2. 第二個坑：艱難的獲取 docker 安裝指令碼
不要和我提 ubuntu， centos， fedora 每個發行版的安裝方式有差異。 docker 官方你老早就提供了一鍵安裝指令碼，為啥不放明顯位置讓我們使用呢？
網路如果 OK， 就這麼一句話，完事兒了：
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
然而網路不好，https://get.docker.com/ 從 WSL 裡訪問不到。 直接從 Windows 瀏覽器訪問，發現就是一段指令碼。 拷過來:
點選展開/摺疊
#!/bin/sh
set -e
# Docker Engine for Linux installation script.
#
# This script is intended as a convenient way to configure docker's package
# repositories and to install Docker Engine, This script is not recommended
# for production environments. Before running this script, make yourself familiar
# with potential risks and limitations, and refer to the installation manual
# at https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ for alternative installation methods.
#
# The script:
#
# - Requires `root` or `sudo` privileges to run.
# - Attempts to detect your Linux distribution and version and configure your
# package management system for you.
# - Doesn't allow you to customize most installation parameters.
# - Installs dependencies and recommendations without asking for confirmation.
# - Installs the latest stable release (by default) of Docker CLI, Docker Engine,
# Docker Buildx, Docker Compose, containerd, and runc. When using this script
# to provision a machine, this may result in unexpected major version upgrades
# of these packages. Always test upgrades in a test environment before
# deploying to your production systems.
# - Isn't designed to upgrade an existing Docker installation. When using the
# script to update an existing installation, dependencies may not be updated
# to the expected version, resulting in outdated versions.
#
# Source code is available at https://github.com/docker/docker-install/
#
# Usage
# ==============================================================================
#
# To install the latest stable versions of Docker CLI, Docker Engine, and their
# dependencies:
#
# 1. download the script
#
# $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o install-docker.sh
#
# 2. verify the script's content
#
# $ cat install-docker.sh
#
# 3. run the script with --dry-run to verify the steps it executes
#
# $ sh install-docker.sh --dry-run
#
# 4. run the script either as root, or using sudo to perform the installation.
#
# $ sudo sh install-docker.sh
#
# Command-line options
# ==============================================================================
#
# --version <VERSION>
# Use the --version option to install a specific version, for example:
#
# $ sudo sh install-docker.sh --version 23.0
#
# --channel <stable|test>
#
# Use the --channel option to install from an alternative installation channel.
# The following example installs the latest versions from the "test" channel,
# which includes pre-releases (alpha, beta, rc):
#
# $ sudo sh install-docker.sh --channel test
#
# Alternatively, use the script at https://test.docker.com, which uses the test
# channel as default.
#
# --mirror <Aliyun|AzureChinaCloud>
#
# Use the --mirror option to install from a mirror supported by this script.
# Available mirrors are "Aliyun" (https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce), and
# "AzureChinaCloud" (https://mirror.azure.cn/docker-ce), for example:
#
# $ sudo sh install-docker.sh --mirror AzureChinaCloud
#
# ==============================================================================
# Git commit from https://github.com/docker/docker-install when
# the script was uploaded (Should only be modified by upload job):
SCRIPT_COMMIT_SHA="6d9743e9656cc56f699a64800b098d5ea5a60020"
# strip "v" prefix if present
VERSION="${VERSION#v}"
# The channel to install from:
# * stable
# * test
# * edge (deprecated)
# * nightly (deprecated)
DEFAULT_CHANNEL_VALUE="stable"
if [ -z "$CHANNEL" ]; then
CHANNEL=$DEFAULT_CHANNEL_VALUE
fi
DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_URL="https://download.docker.com"
if [ -z "$DOWNLOAD_URL" ]; then
DOWNLOAD_URL=$DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_URL
fi
DEFAULT_REPO_FILE="docker-ce.repo"
if [ -z "$REPO_FILE" ]; then
REPO_FILE="$DEFAULT_REPO_FILE"
fi
mirror=''
DRY_RUN=${DRY_RUN:-}
while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
case "$1" in
--channel)
CHANNEL="$2"
shift
;;
--dry-run)
DRY_RUN=1
;;
--mirror)
mirror="$2"
shift
;;
--version)
VERSION="${2#v}"
shift
;;
--*)
echo "Illegal option $1"
;;
esac
shift $(( $# > 0 ? 1 : 0 ))
done
case "$mirror" in
Aliyun)
DOWNLOAD_URL="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce"
;;
AzureChinaCloud)
DOWNLOAD_URL="https://mirror.azure.cn/docker-ce"
;;
"")
;;
*)
>&2 echo "unknown mirror '$mirror': use either 'Aliyun', or 'AzureChinaCloud'."
exit 1
;;
esac
case "$CHANNEL" in
stable|test)
;;
edge|nightly)
>&2 echo "DEPRECATED: the $CHANNEL channel has been deprecated and is no longer supported by this script."
exit 1
;;
*)
>&2 echo "unknown CHANNEL '$CHANNEL': use either stable or test."
exit 1
;;
esac
command_exists() {
command -v "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1
}
# version_gte checks if the version specified in $VERSION is at least the given
# SemVer (Maj.Minor[.Patch]), or CalVer (YY.MM) version.It returns 0 (success)
# if $VERSION is either unset (=latest) or newer or equal than the specified
# version, or returns 1 (fail) otherwise.
#
# examples:
#
# VERSION=23.0
# version_gte 23.0 // 0 (success)
# version_gte 20.10 // 0 (success)
# version_gte 19.03 // 0 (success)
# version_gte 21.10 // 1 (fail)
version_gte() {
if [ -z "$VERSION" ]; then
return 0
fi
eval version_compare "$VERSION" "$1"
}
# version_compare compares two version strings (either SemVer (Major.Minor.Path),
# or CalVer (YY.MM) version strings. It returns 0 (success) if version A is newer
# or equal than version B, or 1 (fail) otherwise. Patch releases and pre-release
# (-alpha/-beta) are not taken into account
#
# examples:
#
# version_compare 23.0.0 20.10 // 0 (success)
# version_compare 23.0 20.10 // 0 (success)
# version_compare 20.10 19.03 // 0 (success)
# version_compare 20.10 20.10 // 0 (success)
# version_compare 19.03 20.10 // 1 (fail)
version_compare() (
set +x
yy_a="$(echo "$1" | cut -d'.' -f1)"
yy_b="$(echo "$2" | cut -d'.' -f1)"
if [ "$yy_a" -lt "$yy_b" ]; then
return 1
fi
if [ "$yy_a" -gt "$yy_b" ]; then
return 0
fi
mm_a="$(echo "$1" | cut -d'.' -f2)"
mm_b="$(echo "$2" | cut -d'.' -f2)"
# trim leading zeros to accommodate CalVer
mm_a="${mm_a#0}"
mm_b="${mm_b#0}"
if [ "${mm_a:-0}" -lt "${mm_b:-0}" ]; then
return 1
fi
return 0
)
is_dry_run() {
if [ -z "$DRY_RUN" ]; then
return 1
else
return 0
fi
}
is_wsl() {
case "$(uname -r)" in
*microsoft* ) true ;; # WSL 2
*Microsoft* ) true ;; # WSL 1
* ) false;;
esac
}
is_darwin() {
case "$(uname -s)" in
*darwin* ) true ;;
*Darwin* ) true ;;
* ) false;;
esac
}
deprecation_notice() {
distro=$1
distro_version=$2
echo
printf "\033[91;1mDEPRECATION WARNING\033[0m\n"
printf " This Linux distribution (\033[1m%s %s\033[0m) reached end-of-life and is no longer supported by this script.\n" "$distro" "$distro_version"
echo " No updates or security fixes will be released for this distribution, and users are recommended"
echo " to upgrade to a currently maintained version of $distro."
echo
printf "Press \033[1mCtrl+C\033[0m now to abort this script, or wait for the installation to continue."
echo
sleep 10
}
get_distribution() {
lsb_dist=""
# Every system that we officially support has /etc/os-release
if [ -r /etc/os-release ]; then
lsb_dist="$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$ID")"
fi
# Returning an empty string here should be alright since the
# case statements don't act unless you provide an actual value
echo "$lsb_dist"
}
echo_docker_as_nonroot() {
if is_dry_run; then
return
fi
if command_exists docker && [ -e /var/run/docker.sock ]; then
(
set -x
$sh_c 'docker version'
) || true
fi
# intentionally mixed spaces and tabs here -- tabs are stripped by "<<-EOF", spaces are kept in the output
echo
echo "================================================================================"
echo
if version_gte "20.10"; then
echo "To run Docker as a non-privileged user, consider setting up the"
echo "Docker daemon in rootless mode for your user:"
echo
echo " dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh install"
echo
echo "Visit https://docs.docker.com/go/rootless/ to learn about rootless mode."
echo
fi
echo
echo "To run the Docker daemon as a fully privileged service, but granting non-root"
echo "users access, refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/daemon-access/"
echo
echo "WARNING: Access to the remote API on a privileged Docker daemon is equivalent"
echo " to root access on the host. Refer to the 'Docker daemon attack surface'"
echo " documentation for details: https://docs.docker.com/go/attack-surface/"
echo
echo "================================================================================"
echo
}
# Check if this is a forked Linux distro
check_forked() {
# Check for lsb_release command existence, it usually exists in forked distros
if command_exists lsb_release; then
# Check if the `-u` option is supported
set +e
lsb_release -a -u > /dev/null 2>&1
lsb_release_exit_code=$?
set -e
# Check if the command has exited successfully, it means we're in a forked distro
if [ "$lsb_release_exit_code" = "0" ]; then
# Print info about current distro
cat <<-EOF
You're using '$lsb_dist' version '$dist_version'.
EOF
# Get the upstream release info
lsb_dist=$(lsb_release -a -u 2>&1 | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | grep -E 'id' | cut -d ':' -f 2 | tr -d '[:space:]')
dist_version=$(lsb_release -a -u 2>&1 | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | grep -E 'codename' | cut -d ':' -f 2 | tr -d '[:space:]')
# Print info about upstream distro
cat <<-EOF
Upstream release is '$lsb_dist' version '$dist_version'.
EOF
else
if [ -r /etc/debian_version ] && [ "$lsb_dist" != "ubuntu" ] && [ "$lsb_dist" != "raspbian" ]; then
if [ "$lsb_dist" = "osmc" ]; then
# OSMC runs Raspbian
lsb_dist=raspbian
else
# We're Debian and don't even know it!
lsb_dist=debian
fi
dist_version="$(sed 's/\/.*//' /etc/debian_version | sed 's/\..*//')"
case "$dist_version" in
12)
dist_version="bookworm"
;;
11)
dist_version="bullseye"
;;
10)
dist_version="buster"
;;
9)
dist_version="stretch"
;;
8)
dist_version="jessie"
;;
esac
fi
fi
fi
}
do_install() {
echo "# Executing docker install script, commit: $SCRIPT_COMMIT_SHA"
if command_exists docker; then
cat >&2 <<-'EOF'
Warning: the "docker" command appears to already exist on this system.
If you already have Docker installed, this script can cause trouble, which is
why we're displaying this warning and provide the opportunity to cancel the
installation.
If you installed the current Docker package using this script and are using it
again to update Docker, you can safely ignore this message.
You may press Ctrl+C now to abort this script.
EOF
( set -x; sleep 20 )
fi
user="$(id -un 2>/dev/null || true)"
sh_c='sh -c'
if [ "$user" != 'root' ]; then
if command_exists sudo; then
sh_c='sudo -E sh -c'
elif command_exists su; then
sh_c='su -c'
else
cat >&2 <<-'EOF'
Error: this installer needs the ability to run commands as root.
We are unable to find either "sudo" or "su" available to make this happen.
EOF
exit 1
fi
fi
if is_dry_run; then
sh_c="echo"
fi
# perform some very rudimentary platform detection
lsb_dist=$( get_distribution )
lsb_dist="$(echo "$lsb_dist" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
if is_wsl; then
echo
echo "WSL DETECTED: We recommend using Docker Desktop for Windows."
echo "Please get Docker Desktop from https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/"
echo
cat >&2 <<-'EOF'
You may press Ctrl+C now to abort this script.
EOF
( set -x; sleep 20 )
fi
case "$lsb_dist" in
ubuntu)
if command_exists lsb_release; then
dist_version="$(lsb_release --codename | cut -f2)"
fi
if [ -z "$dist_version" ] && [ -r /etc/lsb-release ]; then
dist_version="$(. /etc/lsb-release && echo "$DISTRIB_CODENAME")"
fi
;;
debian|raspbian)
dist_version="$(sed 's/\/.*//' /etc/debian_version | sed 's/\..*//')"
case "$dist_version" in
12)
dist_version="bookworm"
;;
11)
dist_version="bullseye"
;;
10)
dist_version="buster"
;;
9)
dist_version="stretch"
;;
8)
dist_version="jessie"
;;
esac
;;
centos|rhel)
if [ -z "$dist_version" ] && [ -r /etc/os-release ]; then
dist_version="$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_ID")"
fi
;;
*)
if command_exists lsb_release; then
dist_version="$(lsb_release --release | cut -f2)"
fi
if [ -z "$dist_version" ] && [ -r /etc/os-release ]; then
dist_version="$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_ID")"
fi
;;
esac
# Check if this is a forked Linux distro
check_forked
# Print deprecation warnings for distro versions that recently reached EOL,
# but may still be commonly used (especially LTS versions).
case "$lsb_dist.$dist_version" in
debian.stretch|debian.jessie)
deprecation_notice "$lsb_dist" "$dist_version"
;;
raspbian.stretch|raspbian.jessie)
deprecation_notice "$lsb_dist" "$dist_version"
;;
ubuntu.xenial|ubuntu.trusty)
deprecation_notice "$lsb_dist" "$dist_version"
;;
ubuntu.lunar|ubuntu.kinetic|ubuntu.impish|ubuntu.hirsute|ubuntu.groovy|ubuntu.eoan|ubuntu.disco|ubuntu.cosmic)
deprecation_notice "$lsb_dist" "$dist_version"
;;
fedora.*)
if [ "$dist_version" -lt 36 ]; then
deprecation_notice "$lsb_dist" "$dist_version"
fi
;;
esac
# Run setup for each distro accordingly
case "$lsb_dist" in
ubuntu|debian|raspbian)
pre_reqs="apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl"
apt_repo="deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] $DOWNLOAD_URL/linux/$lsb_dist $dist_version $CHANNEL"
(
if ! is_dry_run; then
set -x
fi
$sh_c 'apt-get update -qq >/dev/null'
$sh_c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y -qq $pre_reqs >/dev/null"
$sh_c 'install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings'
$sh_c "curl -fsSL \"$DOWNLOAD_URL/linux/$lsb_dist/gpg\" -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc"
$sh_c "chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc"
$sh_c "echo \"$apt_repo\" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list"
$sh_c 'apt-get update -qq >/dev/null'
)
pkg_version=""
if [ -n "$VERSION" ]; then
if is_dry_run; then
echo "# WARNING: VERSION pinning is not supported in DRY_RUN"
else
# Will work for incomplete versions IE (17.12), but may not actually grab the "latest" if in the test channel
pkg_pattern="$(echo "$VERSION" | sed 's/-ce-/~ce~.*/g' | sed 's/-/.*/g')"
search_command="apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '$pkg_pattern' | head -1 | awk '{\$1=\$1};1' | cut -d' ' -f 3"
pkg_version="$($sh_c "$search_command")"
echo "INFO: Searching repository for VERSION '$VERSION'"
echo "INFO: $search_command"
if [ -z "$pkg_version" ]; then
echo
echo "ERROR: '$VERSION' not found amongst apt-cache madison results"
echo
exit 1
fi
if version_gte "18.09"; then
search_command="apt-cache madison docker-ce-cli | grep '$pkg_pattern' | head -1 | awk '{\$1=\$1};1' | cut -d' ' -f 3"
echo "INFO: $search_command"
cli_pkg_version="=$($sh_c "$search_command")"
fi
pkg_version="=$pkg_version"
fi
fi
(
pkgs="docker-ce${pkg_version%=}"
if version_gte "18.09"; then
# older versions didn't ship the cli and containerd as separate packages
pkgs="$pkgs docker-ce-cli${cli_pkg_version%=} containerd.io"
fi
if version_gte "20.10"; then
pkgs="$pkgs docker-compose-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras$pkg_version"
fi
if version_gte "23.0"; then
pkgs="$pkgs docker-buildx-plugin"
fi
if ! is_dry_run; then
set -x
fi
$sh_c "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y -qq $pkgs >/dev/null"
)
echo_docker_as_nonroot
exit 0
;;
centos|fedora|rhel)
if [ "$(uname -m)" != "s390x" ] && [ "$lsb_dist" = "rhel" ]; then
echo "Packages for RHEL are currently only available for s390x."
exit 1
fi
if command_exists dnf; then
pkg_manager="dnf"
pkg_manager_flags="--best"
config_manager="dnf config-manager"
enable_channel_flag="--set-enabled"
disable_channel_flag="--set-disabled"
pre_reqs="dnf-plugins-core"
else
pkg_manager="yum"
pkg_manager_flags=""
config_manager="yum-config-manager"
enable_channel_flag="--enable"
disable_channel_flag="--disable"
pre_reqs="yum-utils"
fi
if [ "$lsb_dist" = "fedora" ]; then
pkg_suffix="fc$dist_version"
else
pkg_suffix="el"
fi
repo_file_url="$DOWNLOAD_URL/linux/$lsb_dist/$REPO_FILE"
(
if ! is_dry_run; then
set -x
fi
$sh_c "$pkg_manager $pkg_manager_flags install -y -q $pre_reqs"
$sh_c "$config_manager --add-repo $repo_file_url"
if [ "$CHANNEL" != "stable" ]; then
$sh_c "$config_manager $disable_channel_flag 'docker-ce-*'"
$sh_c "$config_manager $enable_channel_flag 'docker-ce-$CHANNEL'"
fi
$sh_c "$pkg_manager makecache"
)
pkg_version=""
if [ -n "$VERSION" ]; then
if is_dry_run; then
echo "# WARNING: VERSION pinning is not supported in DRY_RUN"
else
pkg_pattern="$(echo "$VERSION" | sed 's/-ce-/\\\\.ce.*/g' | sed 's/-/.*/g').*$pkg_suffix"
search_command="$pkg_manager list --showduplicates docker-ce | grep '$pkg_pattern' | tail -1 | awk '{print \$2}'"
pkg_version="$($sh_c "$search_command")"
echo "INFO: Searching repository for VERSION '$VERSION'"
echo "INFO: $search_command"
if [ -z "$pkg_version" ]; then
echo
echo "ERROR: '$VERSION' not found amongst $pkg_manager list results"
echo
exit 1
fi
if version_gte "18.09"; then
# older versions don't support a cli package
search_command="$pkg_manager list --showduplicates docker-ce-cli | grep '$pkg_pattern' | tail -1 | awk '{print \$2}'"
cli_pkg_version="$($sh_c "$search_command" | cut -d':' -f 2)"
fi
# Cut out the epoch and prefix with a '-'
pkg_version="-$(echo "$pkg_version" | cut -d':' -f 2)"
fi
fi
(
pkgs="docker-ce$pkg_version"
if version_gte "18.09"; then
# older versions didn't ship the cli and containerd as separate packages
if [ -n "$cli_pkg_version" ]; then
pkgs="$pkgs docker-ce-cli-$cli_pkg_version containerd.io"
else
pkgs="$pkgs docker-ce-cli containerd.io"
fi
fi
if version_gte "20.10"; then
pkgs="$pkgs docker-compose-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras$pkg_version"
fi
if version_gte "23.0"; then
pkgs="$pkgs docker-buildx-plugin"
fi
if ! is_dry_run; then
set -x
fi
$sh_c "$pkg_manager $pkg_manager_flags install -y -q $pkgs"
)
echo_docker_as_nonroot
exit 0
;;
sles)
if [ "$(uname -m)" != "s390x" ]; then
echo "Packages for SLES are currently only available for s390x"
exit 1
fi
repo_file_url="$DOWNLOAD_URL/linux/$lsb_dist/$REPO_FILE"
pre_reqs="ca-certificates curl libseccomp2 awk"
(
if ! is_dry_run; then
set -x
fi
$sh_c "zypper install -y $pre_reqs"
$sh_c "zypper addrepo $repo_file_url"
if ! is_dry_run; then
cat >&2 <<-'EOF'
WARNING!!
openSUSE repository (https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/security:/SELinux) will be enabled now.
Do you wish to continue?
You may press Ctrl+C now to abort this script.
EOF
( set -x; sleep 30 )
fi
opensuse_repo="https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/security:/SELinux/openSUSE_Factory/security:SELinux.repo"
$sh_c "zypper addrepo $opensuse_repo"
$sh_c "zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refresh"
$sh_c "zypper lr -d"
)
pkg_version=""
if [ -n "$VERSION" ]; then
if is_dry_run; then
echo "# WARNING: VERSION pinning is not supported in DRY_RUN"
else
pkg_pattern="$(echo "$VERSION" | sed 's/-ce-/\\\\.ce.*/g' | sed 's/-/.*/g')"
search_command="zypper search -s --match-exact 'docker-ce' | grep '$pkg_pattern' | tail -1 | awk '{print \$6}'"
pkg_version="$($sh_c "$search_command")"
echo "INFO: Searching repository for VERSION '$VERSION'"
echo "INFO: $search_command"
if [ -z "$pkg_version" ]; then
echo
echo "ERROR: '$VERSION' not found amongst zypper list results"
echo
exit 1
fi
search_command="zypper search -s --match-exact 'docker-ce-cli' | grep '$pkg_pattern' | tail -1 | awk '{print \$6}'"
# It's okay for cli_pkg_version to be blank, since older versions don't support a cli package
cli_pkg_version="$($sh_c "$search_command")"
pkg_version="-$pkg_version"
fi
fi
(
pkgs="docker-ce$pkg_version"
if version_gte "18.09"; then
if [ -n "$cli_pkg_version" ]; then
# older versions didn't ship the cli and containerd as separate packages
pkgs="$pkgs docker-ce-cli-$cli_pkg_version containerd.io"
else
pkgs="$pkgs docker-ce-cli containerd.io"
fi
fi
if version_gte "20.10"; then
pkgs="$pkgs docker-compose-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras$pkg_version"
fi
if version_gte "23.0"; then
pkgs="$pkgs docker-buildx-plugin"
fi
if ! is_dry_run; then
set -x
fi
$sh_c "zypper -q install -y $pkgs"
)
echo_docker_as_nonroot
exit 0
;;
*)
if [ -z "$lsb_dist" ]; then
if is_darwin; then
echo
echo "ERROR: Unsupported operating system 'macOS'"
echo "Please get Docker Desktop from https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop"
echo
exit 1
fi
fi
echo
echo "ERROR: Unsupported distribution '$lsb_dist'"
echo
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 1
}
# wrapped up in a function so that we have some protection against only getting
# half the file during "curl | sh"
do_install
下載儲存為 get-docker.sh, 放到 WSL 的目錄中。
3. 第三個坑：執行指令碼會卡住
正常人肯定是這樣執行的：
sudo sh ./get-docker.sh
但是 get-docker.sh 裡引用的 URL， 你還是訪問不了。
必須換一個 DOWNLOAD_URL 來執行：
export DOWNLOAD_URL="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce"
sudo sh ./get-docker.sh
既然能換 URL， 咱能不能在網頁加一個選項， 自動生成下載正確的指令碼， 就像 mirrors.zju.edu.cn 那樣的？
（ref: https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/docker-ce/)
P.S. 在嘗試排查 docker 網路問題時， 也順帶安裝了 podman:
sudo apt-get -y install podman
4. 第四個坑： 安裝 docker 後， hello-world 映象拉取不下來
正常人安裝 docker 後， 安裝官方文件，拉取最簡單的映象試驗下能否使用， 應該說5秒之內能搞定：
docker pull hello-world
然而我們錯了， 等了1分鐘可能都沒動靜。
這時候各種瞎試開始了，可能2小時都沒搞定。 我的 Windows 是預設安裝後幾乎沒配置的， WSL 是預設安裝後沒有配置過（配置常規ubuntu共有的不算）， 我的 Docker 也是一樣的。 怎麼預設的就不行呢？
實際上，前面三個坑，都沒有本質上解決 WSL 裡面的問題： 網路不通暢。 正確解決思路， 是從整體做一次配置， 讓任何命令列都能網路通暢， 而不是什麼 “手動下載”， “改國內 mirror”。。。
4.1 有效的配置1: .wslconfig
建立 C:/Users/<使用者名稱>/.wslconfig 檔案，填入:
[experimental]
autoMemoryReclaim=gradual
networkingMode=mirrored
dnsTunneling=true
firewall=true
autoProxy=true
這解決了當你在 host 開啟代理後進入 WSL 時的提示:
PS C:\Users\zz> wsl
wsl: 檢測到 localhost 代理配置，但未映象到 WSL。NAT 模式下的 WSL 不支援 localhost 代理。
4.2 有效的配置2: /etc/wsl.conf
sudo vim /etc/wsl.conf, 填入內容:
[boot]
systemd=true
[network]
generateResolvConf = false
這解決的是， 先前修改了/etc/resolv.conf 時， 只有第一次 nameserver 的行，是正常的， 增加的兩行的 IP 地址被提示為紅色， 意思是配置無效:
# This file was automatically generated by WSL. To stop automatic generation of this file, add the following entry to /etc/wsl.conf:
# [network]
# generateResolvConf = false
nameserver 127.0.0.42
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8
4.3 有效的設定4: /etc/resolv.conf
DNS servers
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8
4.4 有效的設定3: 在 host 開啟代理
不管是哪種代理。 總之， 由於 ~/.wslconfig 的配置， 現在裡外用同樣的網路了。
4.5 有效的設定4: 重啟 WSL
在 PowerShell 裡執行
wsl --shutdown
wsl
4.6 podman映象： 和映象無法拉取沒關係
修改了 vim /etc/containers/registries.conf， 填入了 (驗證了，非必要）
unqualified-search-registries = ["docker.io", "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"]
4.7 重新安裝 docker： 放棄
由於這一小節的網路配通， 讓 podman 能拉取映象， 一度讓我嘗試重新安裝 docker。 然而 docker 的安裝指令碼還是太冗長了， 而 podman 的常規命令又和 docker 是相容的，並且 apt 官方提供了 podman 包， 那就不折騰 docker 了。
5. 第五個坑：podman開啟的映象提示說代理不通
當第四步拉取了映象， 人們很容易覺得萬事大吉了。 在開啟映象後， 例如 ubuntu20.04, 第一步是apt更新，然後打算安裝 gcc 等開發工具， 於是執行：
podman run -it -v $(pwd):/mnt ubuntu:20.04 /bin/bash
此時遇到網路問題：
Could not connect to 127.0.0.1:59133 (127.0.0.1). - connect (111: Connection refused)
也嘗試了換 podman 映象例項(ubuntu20.04) 裡的 apt 源， 報錯沒變化。
嘗試了臨時關掉 HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY 環境變數後再開啟 podman 映象例項，無效。
嘗試了關閉 host 的代理， 無效。
解決辦法: 嘗試使用不同的網路模式啟動容器, 例如指定 --network host 引數
podman run --network host -it -v $(pwd):/mnt ubuntu:20.04 /bin/bash
References
https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/docker-ce/
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/670958325