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模組概覽
readline是個非常實用的模組。如名字所示,主要用來實現逐行讀取,比如讀取使用者輸入,或者讀取檔案內容。常見使用場景有下面幾種,本文會逐一舉例說明。本文相關程式碼可在筆者github上找到。
- 檔案逐行讀取:比如說進行日誌分析。
- 自動完成:比如輸入npm,自動提示”help init install”。
- 命令列工具:比如npm init這種問答式的腳手架工具。
基礎例子
先看個簡單的例子,要求使用者輸入一個單詞,然後自動轉成大寫
const readline = require(`readline`);
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout
});
rl.question(`Please input a word: `, function(answer){
console.log(`You have entered {%s}`, answer.toUpperCase());
rl.close();
});複製程式碼
執行如下:
➜ toUpperCase git:(master) ✗ node app.js
Please input a word: hello
You have entered {HELLO}複製程式碼
例子:檔案逐行讀取:日誌分析
比如我們有如下日誌檔案access.log,我們想要提取“訪問時間+訪問地址”,藉助readline
可以很方便的完成日誌分析的工作。
[2016-12-09 13:56:48.407] [INFO] access - ::ffff:127.0.0.1 - - "GET /oc/v/account/user.html HTTP/1.1" 200 213125 "http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/login.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36"
[2016-12-09 14:00:10.618] [INFO] access - ::ffff:127.0.0.1 - - "GET /oc/v/contract/underlying.html HTTP/1.1" 200 216376 "http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36"
[2016-12-09 14:00:34.200] [INFO] access - ::ffff:127.0.0.1 - - "GET /oc/v/contract/underlying.html HTTP/1.1" 200 216376 "http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36"複製程式碼
程式碼如下:
const readline = require(`readline`);
const fs = require(`fs`);
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: fs.createReadStream(`./access.log`)
});
rl.on(`line`, (line) => {
const arr = line.split(` `);
console.log(`訪問時間:%s %s,訪問地址:%s`, arr[0], arr[1], arr[13]);
});複製程式碼
執行結果如下:
➜ lineByLineFromFile git:(master) ✗ node app.js
訪問時間:[2016-12-09 13:56:48.407],訪問地址:"http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/login.html"
訪問時間:[2016-12-09 14:00:10.618],訪問地址:"http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html"
訪問時間:[2016-12-09 14:00:34.200],訪問地址:"http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html"複製程式碼
例子:自動完成:程式碼提示
這裡我們實現一個簡單的自動完成功能,當使用者輸入npm時,按tab鍵,自動提示使用者可選的子命令,如help、init、install。
- 輸入
np
,按下tab:自動補全為npm - 輸入
npm in
,按下tab:自動提示可選子命令 init、install - 輸入
npm inst
,按下tab:自動補全為npm install
const readline = require(`readline`);
const fs = require(`fs`);
function completer(line) {
const command = `npm`;
const subCommands = [`help`, `init`, `install`];
// 輸入為空,或者為npm的一部分,則tab補全為npm
if(line.length < command.length){
return [command.indexOf(line) === 0 ? [command] : [], line];
}
// 輸入 npm,tab提示 help init install
// 輸入 npm in,tab提示 init install
let hits = subCommands.filter(function(subCommand){
const lineTrippedCommand = line.replace(command, ``).trim();
return lineTrippedCommand && subCommand.indexOf( lineTrippedCommand ) === 0;
})
if(hits.length === 1){
hits = hits.map(function(hit){
return [command, hit].join(` `);
});
}
return [hits.length ? hits : subCommands, line];
}
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout,
completer: completer
});
rl.prompt();複製程式碼
程式碼執行效果如下,當輸入npm in
,按下tab鍵,則會自動提示可選子命令init、install。
➜ autoComplete git:(master) ✗ node app.js
> npm in
init install複製程式碼
例子:命令列工具:npmt init
下面藉助readline實現一個迷你版的npm init
功能,執行指令碼時,會依次要求使用者輸入name、version、author屬性(其他略過)。
這裡用到的是rl.question(msg, cbk)
這個方法,它會在控制檯輸入一行提示,當使用者完成輸入,敲擊回車,cbk
就會被呼叫,並把使用者輸入作為引數傳入。
const readline = require(`readline`);
const fs = require(`fs`);
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout,
prompt: `OHAI> `
});
const preHint = `
This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.
See `npm help json` for definitive documentation on these fields
and exactly what they do.
Use `npm install <pkg> --save` afterwards to install a package and
save it as a dependency in the package.json file.
Press ^C at any time to quit.
`;
console.log(preHint);
// 問題
let questions = [ `name`, `version`, `author`];
// 預設答案
let defaultAnswers = [ `name`, `1.0.0`, `none` ];
// 使用者答案
let answers = [];
let index = 0;
function createPackageJson(){
var map = {};
questions.forEach(function(question, index){
map[question] = answers[index];
});
fs.writeFileSync(`./package.json`, JSON.stringify(map, null, 4));
}
function runQuestionLoop() {
if(index === questions.length) {
createPackageJson();
rl.close();
return;
}
let defaultAnswer = defaultAnswers[index];
let question = questions[index] + `: (` + defaultAnswer +`) `;
rl.question(question, function(answer){
answers.push(answer || defaultAnswer);
index++;
runQuestionLoop();
});
}
runQuestionLoop();複製程式碼
執行效果如下,最後還像模像樣的生成了package.json(害羞臉)。
➜ commandLine git:(master) ✗ node app.js
This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.
See `npm help json` for definitive documentation on these fields
and exactly what they do.
Use `npm install <pkg> --save` afterwards to install a package and
save it as a dependency in the package.json file.
Press ^C at any time to quit.
name: (name) hello
version: (1.0.0) 0.0.1
author: (none) chyingp複製程式碼
寫在後面
有不少基於readline的有趣的工具,比如各種腳手架工具。限於篇幅不展開,感興趣的同學可以研究下。