前言
原本本節內容是不存在的，出於有幾個人問到了我：我想使用ASP.NET Core Identity，但是我又不想使用預設生成的資料庫表，想自定義一套，我想要使用ASP.NE Core Identity又不想使用EntityFramework Core。真難伺候，哈哈，不過我認為這個問題提出的非常有價值，所以就私下花了點時間看下官網資料，最終經過嘗試還是搞出來了，不知道是否滿足問過我這個問題的幾位童鞋，廢話少說，我們直接進入主題吧。
ASP.NET Core Identity自定義資料庫表結構
彆著急哈，我是那種從頭講到尾的人，博文基本上面向大眾，沒什麼基礎的和有經驗的都能看明白，也不要嫌棄我囉嗦，好，我說完了，開始，開始，又說了一大堆。大部分情況下對於預設情況下我們都是繼承自預設的身份有關的類，如下：
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class CusomIdentityDbContext : IdentityDbContext<CustomIdentityUser, CustomIdentityRole, string> { /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="options"></param> public CusomIdentityDbContext(DbContextOptions<CusomIdentityDbContext> options) : base(options) { } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class CustomIdentityUser : IdentityUser { } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class CustomIdentityRole : IdentityRole { }
然後新增身份中介軟體，最後開始遷移，如下：
services.AddIdentity<CustomIdentityUser, IdentityRole>() .AddEntityFrameworkStores<CusomIdentityDbContext>() .AddDefaultTokenProviders(); services.AddDbContextPool<CusomIdentityDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("Default")));
以上是預設為我們生成的資料表，我們可以指定使用者表主鍵、可以修改表名、列名等等，以及在此基礎上擴充套件屬性都是可以的，但是我們就是不想使用這一套，需要自定義一套表來管理使用者身份資訊，那麼我們該如何做呢？其實呢，官網給了提示，
如下連結：https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/authentication/identity-custom-storage-providers?view=aspnetcore-2.2，只是說的不是很明確，然後有些童鞋就不知所措了，就是那麼幾個Store，自定義實現就好了，來，我們走一個。我們首先自定義使用者，比如如下：
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class User { /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public string Id { get; set; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public string UserName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public string Password { get; set; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public string Phone { get; set; } }
我們再來定義上下文，如下：
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class CustomDbContext : DbContext { /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="options"></param> public CustomDbContext(DbContextOptions<CustomDbContext> options) : base(options) { } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; } }
接下來實現IUserStore以及UserPasswordStore介面，介面太多，就全部摺疊了
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class CustomUserStore : IUserStore<User>, IUserPasswordStore<User> { private readonly CustomDbContext context; /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="context"></param> public CustomUserStore(CustomDbContext context) { this.context = context; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<IdentityResult> CreateAsync(User user, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<IdentityResult> DeleteAsync(User user, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="disposing"></param> protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing) { context?.Dispose(); } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="userId"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<User> FindByIdAsync(string userId, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="normalizedUserName"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<User> FindByNameAsync(string normalizedUserName, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetNormalizedUserNameAsync(User user, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetPasswordHashAsync(User user, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetUserIdAsync(User user, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetUserNameAsync(User user, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<bool> HasPasswordAsync(User user, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="normalizedName"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task SetNormalizedUserNameAsync(User user, string normalizedName, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="passwordHash"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task SetPasswordHashAsync(User user, string passwordHash, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="userName"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task SetUserNameAsync(User user, string userName, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="user"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<IdentityResult> UpdateAsync(User user, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } }
我們還要用到使用者角色表，自定義使用者角色
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class CustomUserRole { /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public string Id { get; set; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public string UserId { get; set; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public string RoleId { get; set; } }
接下來再來實現使用者角色Store，如下：
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class CustomUserRoleStore : IRoleStore<CustomUserRole> { /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<IdentityResult> CreateAsync(CustomUserRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<IdentityResult> DeleteAsync(CustomUserRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public void Dispose() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="roleId"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<CustomUserRole> FindByIdAsync(string roleId, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="normalizedRoleName"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<CustomUserRole> FindByNameAsync(string normalizedRoleName, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetNormalizedRoleNameAsync(CustomUserRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetRoleIdAsync(CustomUserRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetRoleNameAsync(CustomUserRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="normalizedName"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task SetNormalizedRoleNameAsync(CustomUserRole role, string normalizedName, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="roleName"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task SetRoleNameAsync(CustomUserRole role, string roleName, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<IdentityResult> UpdateAsync(CustomUserRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } }
簡單來說就是根據需要，看看要不要實現如下幾個Store罷了
- IUserRoleStore
- IUserClaimStore
- IUserPasswordStore
- IUserSecurityStampStore
- IUserEmailStore
- IPhoneNumberStore
- IQueryableUserStore
- IUserLoginStore
- IUserTwoFactorStore
- IUserLockoutStore
然後對於根據選擇自定義實現的Store都進行註冊，然後進行遷移，如下：
services.AddIdentity<CustomUser, CustomUserRole>() .AddDefaultTokenProviders(); services.AddDbContextPool<CustomDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("Default"))); services.AddTransient<IUserStore<CustomUser>, CustomUserStore>();
沒什麼難題，還是那句話，自定義實現一套，不過是實現內建的Store，其他通過定義的上下文正常去管理使用者即可。然後什麼登陸、註冊之類只需要將對應比如UserManager泛型引數替換成對應比如如上CustomUser即可，這個就不用多講了。接下來我們再來看第二個問題，如何不使用EntityFramework而是完全使用Dapper。
完全使用Dapper而不使用EntityFramework Core
其實講解完上述第一個問題，這個就迎刃而解了，我們已經完全實現了自定義一套表，第一個問題操作表是通過上下文，我們只需將上下文更換為Dapper即可，如上我們定義了使用者角色表，那我們通過Dapper實現角色表，如下定義角色：
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class CustomRole { /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public string Id { get; set; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public string Name { get; set; } }
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> public class CustomRoleStore : IRoleStore<CustomRole> { private readonly IConfiguration configuration; private readonly string connectionString; /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="configuration"></param> public CustomRoleStore(IConfiguration configuration) { this.configuration = configuration; connectionString = configuration.GetConnectionString("Default"); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<IdentityResult> CreateAsync(CustomRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested(); using (var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { await connection.OpenAsync(cancellationToken); role.Id = await connection.QuerySingleAsync<string>($@"INSERT INTO [CustomRole] ([Id],[Name]) VALUES (@{Guid.NewGuid().ToString()} @{nameof(CustomRole.Name)}); SELECT CAST(SCOPE_IDENTITY() as varchar(36))", role); } return IdentityResult.Success; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<IdentityResult> DeleteAsync(CustomRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public void Dispose() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="roleId"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<CustomRole> FindByIdAsync(string roleId, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="normalizedRoleName"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<CustomRole> FindByNameAsync(string normalizedRoleName, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetNormalizedRoleNameAsync(CustomRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetRoleIdAsync(CustomRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<string> GetRoleNameAsync(CustomRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { return Task.FromResult(role.Name); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="normalizedName"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task SetNormalizedRoleNameAsync(CustomRole role, string normalizedName, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="roleName"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task SetRoleNameAsync(CustomRole role, string roleName, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="role"></param> /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param> /// <returns></returns> public Task<IdentityResult> UpdateAsync(CustomRole role, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } }
別忘記每自定義實現一個Store，然後進行對應註冊
services.AddTransient<IRoleStore<CustomRole>, CustomRoleStore>();
總結
這裡已經提供了完全自定義實現一套表和不使用EntityFramework Core完全使用Dapper的思路，重申一句官網給出了幾個Store，只是未明確說明而已，稍微思考並動手驗證，其實問題不大。