手寫 Spring
不多說,簡歷裝 X 必備。不過練好還是需要求一定的思維能力。
一、整體思路
思路要熟練背下來
1)配置階段
- 配置 web.xml: XDispatchServlet
- 設定 init-param: contextConfigLocation = classpath:application.xml
- 設定 url-pattern: /*
- 配置 Annotation: @XController @XService @XAutowired @XRequestMapping
2)初始化階段
- IOC:
- 呼叫 init() 方法: 載入配置檔案
- IOC 容器初始化: Map<String, Object>
- 掃描相關的類: scan-package="com.xiaopengwei"
- 建立例項化並儲存到容器: 同過反射機制將類例項化放入 IOC 容器中
- DI:
- 進行 DI 操作: 掃描 IOC 容器中的例項,給沒有賦值的屬性自動賦值
- MVC:
- 初始化 HandlerMapping: 將一個 URL 和一個 Method 進行一對一的關聯對映 Map<String, Method>
3)執行階段
- 呼叫 doGet() / doPost() 方法: Web 容器呼叫 doGet() / doPost() 方法,獲得 request/response 物件
- 匹配 HandleMapping: 從 request 物件中獲得使用者輸入的 url,找到其對應的 Method
- 反射呼叫 method.invoker(): 利用反射呼叫方法並返回結果
- response.getWrite().write(): 將返回結果輸出到瀏覽器
二、原始碼
專案結構:
原始碼:
(1)在 pom.xml 引入一個 jar 包
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
(2)web.xml 檔案:
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>xmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.xiaopengwei.xspring.servlet.XDispatchServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--you can't use classpath*: -->
<param-value>application.properties</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>xmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
(3)application.properties 檔案:
scan-package=com.xiaopengwei
(4)自定義註解 XAutowired:
package com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* <p>
*
* @author XiaoPengwei
* @since 2019-07-19
*/
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface XAutowired {
String value() default "";
}
(5)自定義註解 XController:
package com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* <p>
*
* @author XiaoPengwei
* @since 2019-07-19
*/
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface XController {
String value() default "";
}
(6)自定義註解 XRequestMapping:
package com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* <p>
*
* @author XiaoPengwei
* @since 2019-07-19
*/
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface XRequestMapping {
String value() default "";
}
(7)自定義註解 XService:
package com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* <p>
*
* @author XiaoPengwei
* @since 2019-07-19
*/
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface XService {
String value() default "";
}
(8)核心 XDispatchServlet:
package com.xiaopengwei.xspring.servlet;
import com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation.XAutowired;
import com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation.XController;
import com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation.XRequestMapping;
import com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation.XService;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.*;
/**
* <p>
* XSpring
*
* @author XiaoPengwei
* @since 2019-07-19
*/
public class XDispatchServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* 屬性配置檔案
*/
private Properties contextConfig = new Properties();
private List<String> classNameList = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* IOC 容器
*/
Map<String, Object> iocMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
Map<String, Method> handlerMapping = new HashMap<String, Method>();
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//7、執行階段
try {
doDispatch(req, resp);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
resp.getWriter().write("500 Exception Detail:\n" + Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace()));
}
}
/**
* 7、執行階段,進行攔截,匹配
*
* @param req 請求
* @param resp 響應
*/
private void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
String url = req.getRequestURI();
String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
url = url.replaceAll(contextPath, "").replaceAll("/+", "/");
System.out.println("[INFO-7] request url-->" + url);
if (!this.handlerMapping.containsKey(url)) {
try {
resp.getWriter().write("404 NOT FOUND!!");
return;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Method method = this.handlerMapping.get(url);
System.out.println("[INFO-7] method-->" + method);
String beanName = toLowerFirstCase(method.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName());
System.out.println("[INFO-7] iocMap.get(beanName)->" + iocMap.get(beanName));
// 第一個引數是獲取方法,後面是引數,多個引數直接加,按順序對應
method.invoke(iocMap.get(beanName), req, resp);
System.out.println("[INFO-7] method.invoke put {" + iocMap.get(beanName) + "}.");
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
//1、載入配置檔案
doLoadConfig(servletConfig.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation"));
//2、掃描相關的類
doScanner(contextConfig.getProperty("scan-package"));
//3、初始化 IOC 容器,將所有相關的類例項儲存到 IOC 容器中
doInstance();
//4、依賴注入
doAutowired();
//5、初始化 HandlerMapping
initHandlerMapping();
System.out.println("XSpring FrameWork is init.");
//6、列印資料
doTestPrintData();
}
/**
* 6、列印資料
*/
private void doTestPrintData() {
System.out.println("[INFO-6]----data------------------------");
System.out.println("contextConfig.propertyNames()-->" + contextConfig.propertyNames());
System.out.println("[classNameList]-->");
for (String str : classNameList) {
System.out.println(str);
}
System.out.println("[iocMap]-->");
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : iocMap.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry);
}
System.out.println("[handlerMapping]-->");
for (Map.Entry<String, Method> entry : handlerMapping.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry);
}
System.out.println("[INFO-6]----done-----------------------");
System.out.println("====啟動成功====");
System.out.println("測試地址:http://localhost:8080/test/query?username=xiaopengwei");
System.out.println("測試地址:http://localhost:8080/test/listClassName");
}
/**
* 5、初始化 HandlerMapping
*/
private void initHandlerMapping() {
if (iocMap.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : iocMap.entrySet()) {
Class<?> clazz = entry.getValue().getClass();
if (!clazz.isAnnotationPresent(XController.class)) {
continue;
}
String baseUrl = "";
if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(XRequestMapping.class)) {
XRequestMapping xRequestMapping = clazz.getAnnotation(XRequestMapping.class);
baseUrl = xRequestMapping.value();
}
for (Method method : clazz.getMethods()) {
if (!method.isAnnotationPresent(XRequestMapping.class)) {
continue;
}
XRequestMapping xRequestMapping = method.getAnnotation(XRequestMapping.class);
String url = ("/" + baseUrl + "/" + xRequestMapping.value()).replaceAll("/+", "/");
handlerMapping.put(url, method);
System.out.println("[INFO-5] handlerMapping put {" + url + "} - {" + method + "}.");
}
}
}
/**
* 4、依賴注入
*/
private void doAutowired() {
if (iocMap.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : iocMap.entrySet()) {
Field[] fields = entry.getValue().getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
if (!field.isAnnotationPresent(XAutowired.class)) {
continue;
}
System.out.println("[INFO-4] Existence XAutowired.");
// 獲取註解對應的類
XAutowired xAutowired = field.getAnnotation(XAutowired.class);
String beanName = xAutowired.value().trim();
// 獲取 XAutowired 註解的值
if ("".equals(beanName)) {
System.out.println("[INFO] xAutowired.value() is null");
beanName = field.getType().getName();
}
// 只要加了註解,都要載入,不管是 private 還是 protect
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
field.set(entry.getValue(), iocMap.get(beanName));
System.out.println("[INFO-4] field set {" + entry.getValue() + "} - {" + iocMap.get(beanName) + "}.");
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
* 3、初始化 IOC 容器,將所有相關的類例項儲存到 IOC 容器中
*/
private void doInstance() {
if (classNameList.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
try {
for (String className : classNameList) {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(XController.class)) {
String beanName = toLowerFirstCase(clazz.getSimpleName());
Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
// 儲存在 ioc 容器
iocMap.put(beanName, instance);
System.out.println("[INFO-3] {" + beanName + "} has been saved in iocMap.");
} else if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(XService.class)) {
String beanName = toLowerFirstCase(clazz.getSimpleName());
// 如果註解包含自定義名稱
XService xService = clazz.getAnnotation(XService.class);
if (!"".equals(xService.value())) {
beanName = xService.value();
}
Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
iocMap.put(beanName, instance);
System.out.println("[INFO-3] {" + beanName + "} has been saved in iocMap.");
// 找類的介面
for (Class<?> i : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
if (iocMap.containsKey(i.getName())) {
throw new Exception("The Bean Name Is Exist.");
}
iocMap.put(i.getName(), instance);
System.out.println("[INFO-3] {" + i.getName() + "} has been saved in iocMap.");
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 獲取類的首字母小寫的名稱
*
* @param className ClassName
* @return java.lang.String
*/
private String toLowerFirstCase(String className) {
char[] charArray = className.toCharArray();
charArray[0] += 32;
return String.valueOf(charArray);
}
/**
* 2、掃描相關的類
*
* @param scanPackage properties --> scan-package
*/
private void doScanner(String scanPackage) {
// package's . ==> /
URL resourcePath = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("/" + scanPackage.replaceAll("\\.", "/"));
if (resourcePath == null) {
return;
}
File classPath = new File(resourcePath.getFile());
for (File file : classPath.listFiles()) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
System.out.println("[INFO-2] {" + file.getName() + "} is a directory.");
// 子目錄遞迴
doScanner(scanPackage + "." + file.getName());
} else {
if (!file.getName().endsWith(".class")) {
System.out.println("[INFO-2] {" + file.getName() + "} is not a class file.");
continue;
}
String className = (scanPackage + "." + file.getName()).replace(".class", "");
// 儲存在內容
classNameList.add(className);
System.out.println("[INFO-2] {" + className + "} has been saved in classNameList.");
}
}
}
/**
* 1、載入配置檔案
*
* @param contextConfigLocation web.xml --> servlet/init-param
*/
private void doLoadConfig(String contextConfigLocation) {
InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(contextConfigLocation);
try {
// 儲存在記憶體
contextConfig.load(inputStream);
System.out.println("[INFO-1] property file has been saved in contextConfig.");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != inputStream) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
(9)示例:TestController:
package com.xiaopengwei.demo.xcontroller;
import com.xiaopengwei.demo.xservice.ITestXService;
import com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation.XAutowired;
import com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation.XController;
import com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation.XRequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
/**
* <p>
* 前置控制器
*
* @author XiaoPengwei
* @since 2019-07-19
*/
@XController
@XRequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
@XAutowired
ITestXService testXService;
/**
* 測試方法 /test/query
*
* @param req 請求體
* @param resp 響應體
*/
@XRequestMapping("/query")
public void query(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
if (req.getParameter("username") == null) {
try {
resp.getWriter().write("param username is null");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
String paramName = req.getParameter("username");
try {
resp.getWriter().write("param username is " + paramName);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("[INFO-req] New request param username-->" + paramName);
}
}
/**
* 測試方法 /test/listClassName
*
* @param req 請求體
* @param resp 響應體
*/
@XRequestMapping("/listClassName")
public void listClassName(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
String str = testXService.listClassName();
System.out.println("testXService----------=-=-=>" + str);
try {
resp.getWriter().write(str);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
(10)示例介面:ITestXService:
package com.xiaopengwei.demo.xservice;
/**
* <p>
* 介面
*
* @author XiaoPengwei
* @since 2019-07-19
*/
public interface ITestXService {
String listClassName();
}
(11)示例實現類 TestXServiceImpl:
package com.xiaopengwei.demo.xservice.impl;
import com.xiaopengwei.demo.xservice.ITestXService;
import com.xiaopengwei.xspring.annotation.XService;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* <p>
* 業務實現類
*
* @author XiaoPengwei
* @since 2019-07-19
*/
@XService
public class TestXServiceImpl implements ITestXService {
@Override
public String listClassName() {
// 假裝來自資料庫
return "123456TestXServiceImpl";
}
}
(12)測試:
配置 Tomcat 後,訪問:
http://localhost:8080/test/query?username=xiaopengwei
和
http://localhost:8080/test/listClassName