從事電商軟體開發的小夥伴，在日常開發任務中，經常會遇到一個需求，就是將淘寶店鋪的訂單，同步到自己的內部訂單管理系統OMS中，進行淘寶打單發貨操作。我介紹下如何將訂單同步下來，供各位參考。（注意：所有電商平臺目前能同步訂單的介面要麼就不讓申請，要麼就申請門檻和維護資質的成本很高，具體有需要的小夥伴可以評論區留言，我會告訴你相關平臺是否可以申請以及申請規則等）
訂單列表同步，一共有三個方案。
第一種方案：對於訂單量比較大的使用者（系統日訂單幾十萬上百萬的那種），當仁不讓的就是聚石塔RDS同步。
這種方案的好處是，只需要透過對淘寶開放平臺後端應用進行相關的配置，淘寶就會自動將訂單資料，推送到你配置的RDS資料庫中，非常簡單，同步速度也很快。壞處在於一定是要聚石塔的RDS，不支援資料庫欄位對映，相當於同步過來後你需要進行資料遍歷處理，處理完了以後重新儲存到一個新的表裡面去，因為你的業務的相關欄位，不可能和淘寶一模一樣的，只有設定一個作業執行緒，定時輪詢表資料，將表資料處理翻譯欄位後，再存到新的表裡面。
資料同步設定路徑為：開啟淘寶開放平臺->開發->同步設定-選擇對應應用->同步設定，在這裡就可以設定同步哪些欄位，哪些訂單，哪些商家了。（也可以透過API來設定同步哪些商家）
第二種方案：對於訂單量少一些的，可以採用TMC訊息方案。
TMC訊息方案，簡單來說就是當訂單建立、訂單支付、訂單退款等事件發生後，淘寶會給我們推送一條類似RocketMQ訊息，我們透過設定客戶端消費訊息，來達到實時知道訂單的變化情況，然後透過獲取訊息體中的關鍵欄位或者透過關鍵欄位呼叫相關API介面來獲取訂單相關欄位來達到同步的效果。說起來是不是有點繞口了，舉個例子來說吧。
比如我們可以監聽 taobao_trade_TradeCreate 這個TOPIC，當買家下單後，淘寶會給我們推送這個TOPIC的訊息，推送內容如下：
{
"buyer_nick":"碎**",
"buyer_open_uid":"AAGq5d-EAAeG3JedwSFpZMe1",
"payment":"100.00",
"oid":"987654321",
"seller_nick":"麥包包",
"type":"fixed",
"tid":"123456789",
"status":"TRADE_CREATE"
}
剛剛這個JSON，只是官方的一個示例JSON，實際上的話欄位可能比這多點，以實際欄位為準。我們可以看到其中有幾個關鍵欄位，比如說tid，就是淘寶訂單號，假設我們需要知道訂單詳細購買了哪些商品，我們就可以透過tid，來呼叫淘寶訂單資訊獲取介面API來獲取淘寶訂單資訊，其對應的TOP介面為 taobao.trade.fullinfo.get ，透過這個介面，就可以獲取非常詳細的淘寶訂單資訊，這個介面的入參如下：
可以看到必填引數中，一個是需要獲取的欄位，一個是淘寶訂單號，需要獲取的欄位是必填的，只有填了欄位名的，淘寶才會返回，沒填寫的淘寶不會返回。
該介面的返回內容如下：
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透過該json大家可以瞭解淘寶會返回哪些欄位。我們這只是訂閱了一個TOPIC的訊息，還有其他TOPIC的，比如說買家付款、買家退款等，任何一個TOPIC的訊息，裡面都有核心的欄位，比如淘寶訂單號、退款金額、付款金額等，如果欄位不夠用，我們就可以考慮呼叫相關的介面。比如如果退款訊息只有退款編號，我們就可以透過退款編號，呼叫淘寶退款資訊查詢介面進行查詢，查詢拿到結果後，再寫入自己的資料庫。
該方案的好處在於訊息非常及時，呼叫起來也簡單。而且訊息通知是免費的（注意：呼叫介面不一定免費），當免費的訊息通知中含有你需要的欄位，相當於你就是完全免費同步了。
第三種方案一般是不被推薦的，但是適合那種比較訂單量小的，要求開發簡單的，但是也是最為可靠穩定的（訊息方案對於消費客戶端的處理還是有點需要經驗的，雖然有客戶端，難度也算有點），這個方案就是定時查詢增量訂單列表介面
淘寶提供了增量訂單列表查詢介面taobao.trades.sold.increment.get，該介面允許使用者查詢某段時間內的增量訂單，所以使用者只需要設定一個作業執行緒，定時呼叫這個介面即可，訂單同步的時間及時與否，取決於定時多久，比如說5秒查詢一次，遍歷介面的好處在於，開發起來很簡單，並且穩定性極高，但是對於訂單量大的使用者來說不太合適，只適合一天幾百幾千上萬單的系統，太多的訂單的話，請求次數多，且無法做到非常及時。請求次數多流量費就高。
這個介面的入參如下：
返回結果太長了，參考上面那個淘寶訂單詳情獲取介面的結果即可（有些欄位可能沒有，列表獲取的欄位沒有詳情介面那麼齊全，但是大部分都有的，如果沒有的話，就只能去呼叫淘寶訂單資訊獲取介面API來查詢詳細訂單資訊）
三種方案都說完了，總結一下：
如果你的系統日處理訂單達到幾十萬上百萬的規模的，建議採用方案1的聚石塔RDS同步方案。
如果你的系統日處理訂單隻有幾萬或者十幾萬的規模的，建議採用方案2的淘寶TMC訊息方案來獲取淘寶訂單資訊同步到你的資料庫。
如果你的系統日處理訂單隻有幾百幾千或者幾萬的規模，建議採用方案3的定時呼叫淘寶增量訂單列表獲取介面的方案，這個方案寫程式碼很簡單，並且非常穩定可靠，也無需額外一些配合和配置，具體哪種方案就小夥伴們自己選擇了