前端例項練習 – 模態相簿

Garrik_劉翔發表於2019-02-16
前端

模態相簿

程式碼儲存在Github
效果預覽

初衷：很多人在初學前端的時候都會問，“如何入門前端？”
同為在前端學習道路上，奮力追趕的一員，本人對於目前網路上所能看到的 “入門級” 的教材並不太滿意。學習一門新知識，例項是尤其重要的。在這裡本人整理了目前頁面上常見功能實現的具體例項。願能為大家提供一些幫助。
希望能夠與大家互相分享，共同進步。

HTML部分

  <!-- 圖片欄 -->
  <div class="row">
    <div class="column">
      <img src="img1.jpg" class="hover-shadow triggerImg">
    </div>
    <div class="column">
      <img src="img2.jpg" class="hover-shadow triggerImg">
    </div>
    <div class="column">
      <img src="img3.jpg" class="hover-shadow triggerImg">
    </div>
    <div class="column">
      <img src="img4.jpg" class="hover-shadow triggerImg">
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- 模態框 -->
  <div id="myModal" class="modal">
    <span class="close cursor" id="closeBtn">&times;</span>
    
    <!-- 模態內容 -->
    <div class="modal-content">

      <!-- 模態內容中的照片 -->
      <div class="mySlides">
        <div class="numbertext">1 / 4</div>
        <img src="img1.jpg">
      </div>

      <div class="mySlides">
        <div class="numbertext">2 / 4</div>
        <img src="img2.jpg">
      </div>

      <div class="mySlides">
        <div class="numbertext">3 / 4</div>
        <img src="img3.jpg">
      </div>

      <div class="mySlides">
        <div class="numbertext">4 / 4</div>
        <img src="img4.jpg">
      </div>

      <!-- 後翻頁 -->
      <a class="prev">&#10094;</a>

      <!-- 前翻頁 -->
      <a class="next">&#10095;</a>

      <!-- 圖片標題 -->
      <div class="caption-container">
        <p id="caption"></p>
      </div>

      <!-- 列出待選圖片（包括正在顯示的圖片） -->
      <div class="column">
        <img class="demo" src="img1.jpg" alt="圖片1">
      </div>

      <div class="column">
        <img class="demo" src="img2.jpg" alt="圖片2">
      </div>

      <div class="column">
        <img class="demo" src="img3.jpg" alt="圖片3">
      </div>

      <div class="column">
        <img class="demo" src="img4.jpg" alt="圖片4">
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

CSS 部分

/*初始化*/
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.row > .column {
  padding: 0 8px;
}

/*清除浮動*/
.row:after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

.column {
  float: left;
  width: 25%;
}

.column img {
  width: 100%;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/*模態框*/
.modal {
  display: none;
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1;
  padding-top: 100px;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);
}

/*模態內容*/
.modal-content {
  position: relative;
  background-color: #fefefe;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0;
  width: 90%;
  max-width: 1200px;
  animation: zoomShow 0.5s; /*新增動畫*/
}

@keyframes zoomShow {
  from {transform: scale(0)}
  to {transform: scale(1)}
}

/*關閉按鈕*/
.close {
  color: white;
  position: absolute;
  top: 10px;
  right: 25px;
  font-size: 35px;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.close:hover {
  color: #999;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/*模態圖片*/
.mySlides {
  display: none;
  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);
  animation: fadeShow 0.5s; /*新增動畫*/
}

@keyframes fadeShow {
  from {opacity: 0}
  to {opacity: 1}
}

.mySlides img {
  width: 100%;
} 

/*前翻後翻*/
.prev,
.next {
  cursor: pointer;
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  width: auto;
  padding: 16px;
  margin-top: -50px;
  color: white;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 20px;
  transition: 0.6s ease;
  border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
  user-select: none;
}

.next {
  right: 0;
  border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;
}

.prev:hover,
.next:hover {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
}

/*定位數字*/
.numbertext {
  color: #f2f2f2;
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
}

/*圖片標題*/
.caption-container {
  text-align: center;
  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.9);
  padding: 5px 16px 10px;
  color: white;
}

img.demo {
  opacity: 0.6;
}

.active,
.demo:hover {
  opacity: 1;
}

img.hover-shadow {
  transition: 0.3s
}

img.hover-shadow:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 6px 20px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19)
}

JavaScript 部分

(function() {

    /*開啟模態框*/
    function openModal() {
        var myModal = document.getElementById(`myModal`);
        myModal.style.display = "block";
    }
    
    /*關閉模態框*/
    function closeModal() {
        var myModal = document.getElementById(`myModal`);
        myModal.style.display = "none";
    }

    /*切換模態圖*/
    function changeSlide(num) {
        var currentSlide,
            slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
        for (index = 0; index < slides.length; index++) {
            if(slides[index].style.display == "block") {
                currentSlide = index + 1;
            }
        }
        showSlide(currentSlide += num);
    }

    /*顯現模態圖*/
    function showSlide(num) {
        var index,
            slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides"),
            dots = document.getElementsByClassName("demo"),
            captionText = document.getElementById("caption");
        
        if (num > slides.length) {
            num = 1
        }
        if (num < 1) {
            num = slides.length
        }
        for (index = 0; index < slides.length; index++) {
            slides[index].style.display = "none";
        }
        for (index = 0; index < dots.length; index++) {
            dots[index].classList.remove("active");
        }
        
        slides[num - 1].style.display = "block";
        dots[num - 1].classList.add("active");
        captionText.innerHTML = dots[num - 1].alt;
    }

    /*點選模態內容以外，自動關閉*/
    function clickOutside() {
        var myModal = document.getElementById(`myModal`);
        window.onclick = function(event) {
            if(event.target == myModal) {
                closeModal();
            }
        }
    }

    /*繫結事件監聽*/
    function addEvent() {
        var index,
            triggerImgs = document.getElementsByClassName("triggerImg"),
            dots = document.getElementsByClassName("demo"),
            closeBtn = document.getElementById("closeBtn"),
            prevBtn = document.getElementsByClassName("prev")[0],
            nextBtn = document.getElementsByClassName("next")[0];

        for(index = 0; index < triggerImgs.length; index++) {
            (function(index) {
                triggerImgs[index].onclick = function() {
                openModal();
                showSlide(index + 1);
                }
            })(index);
        }

        for(index = 0; index < dots.length; index++) {
            (function(index) {
                dots[index].onclick = function() {
                showSlide(index + 1);
                }
            })(index);
        }

        prevBtn.onclick = function() {
            changeSlide(-1);
        }

        nextBtn.onclick = function() {
            changeSlide(1);
        }
        
        closeBtn.onclick = function() {
            closeModal();
        }
    }

    /*初始化*/
    function init() {
        addEvent();
        clickOutside();
    }

    /*呼叫*/
    init();
})();

好啦，現在所有的程式碼都寫完啦！

趕快開啟瀏覽器，看看效果吧！

在這裡，只是給大家提供一種思路，參考。
具體的實現，每個人都可以有不同的方法。
請大家趕快發揮想象，把你最想實現的功能，在電腦敲出來吧！

參考自w3cschools

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