MySQL 字串函式大全
以下內容基於MySQL 5.6及更高,大部分函式5.5也基本適用,更低版本請參考對應版本手冊,其內容整理自官方。
mysql常用函式被分為五類,分別為:
①String:字串函式;
②Date and time:日期和時間;
http://blog.itpub.net/29773961/viewspace-1808967/
③Numeric:數字函式;
http://blog.itpub.net/29773961/viewspace-1813556/
④Control Flow:基於一個表示式的結果集選擇不同的值(控制流函式);
http://blog.itpub.net/29773961/viewspace-1813557/
⑤Aggregate:基於一列的多個值返回單一值(聚合函式);
http://blog.itpub.net/29773961/viewspace-1813589/
【String】:
ASCII():返回ASCII碼
BIN():返回二進位制值,非數字則返回0
BIT_LENGTH():以bit為單位來返回字串長度
CHAR_LENGTH()與CHARACTER_LENGTH():返回字串的字元數
CHAR():將傳入的數轉換成正數並返回ACSII對應的字元
CONCAT_WS():用特定字元連線引數組成一個字串(拼接字串)
CONCAT():連線傳入的引數成一個字串(拼接字串)
ELT():返回列表的第n個元素
EXPORT_SET(bits,expr1,expr2[,'分隔符','用於補零']):按bit的排列方式,當位等於1時,插入expr1,等於0時,插入expr2,從左向右排列字元。
FIELD(v,v1,v2....):v值去與v1,v2……匹配,匹配到後返回該值位置,若無,則返回0
FIND_IN_SET():查詢字元在字串中的位置
FORMAT():將數字格式化成形如#,###,###形式,可限制其小數位,若不足則補0
FROM_BASE64():base64解碼
TO_BASE64():base64解碼
HEX():16進位制編碼
UNHEX():16進位制解碼
INSERT():在指定位置替換字元/字串
INSTR():返回字串的位置,類似POSITION()與LOCATION()
LEFT():返回字串左側的指定字元數的字串
LENGTH()與OCTET_LENGTH():返回字串的字元數
LOCATE()與POSITION():返回字串所在的位置,類似INSTR。
LOWER()與LCASE():返回所有字串的小寫形式
LPAD():返回指定長度的字串,在左側用指定字元填充。
LTRIM()與RTRIM():在左側或右側去除空格並返回字串,類似於TRIM()
MAKE_SET():按bit的排列方式,當位等於1時,返回該值,等於0時,不返回,從左向右排列字元。
OCT():八進位制編碼
ORD():返回字串的第一個字元的ASCII碼
QUOTE():用單引號將整個字串包裹起來,併為字串本身的特殊字元增加跳脫字元
REPEAT():重複輸出字串
REPLACE():將字串中的字元(串)替換成另一個字元(串)
REVERSE():返回字串以置返的形式(置返字串)
RIGHT():返回字串右側的指定字元數的字串
RPAD():返回指定長度的字串,在右側用指定字元填充。
SOUNDEX():返回soundex字串(標準的為4字元),但是該函式可能返回一個稍長一點的字串,利用字元的讀音近似值所得。
目前是一個有限制的函式,只能用於英語,其他語言會產生無法預期的結果,官方表示將在未來版本(5.6以後)移除這些限制,可以在官方查詢BUG #22638來獲得更多資訊。
SPACE():返回N個空格
STRCMP():返回字串的比較結果,0=same,-1=smaller,1=other(結果說明不分大小寫)
SUBSTRING()與MID()與SUBSTR()::返回從指定位置開始的字串
SUBSTRING_INDEX():返回字串的部分,基於指定分隔符。(如果是正數就從左往右開始搜尋,反之亦然)
TRIM():移除字串的空格或指定字元
UPPER()與UCASE():返回所有字串的大寫形式
WEIGHT_STRING():返回一個weight_string值
常用於測試或除錯collation。
作者公眾號(持續更新)
mysql常用函式被分為五類,分別為:
①String:字串函式;
②Date and time:日期和時間;
http://blog.itpub.net/29773961/viewspace-1808967/
③Numeric:數字函式;
http://blog.itpub.net/29773961/viewspace-1813556/
④Control Flow:基於一個表示式的結果集選擇不同的值(控制流函式);
http://blog.itpub.net/29773961/viewspace-1813557/
⑤Aggregate:基於一列的多個值返回單一值(聚合函式);
http://blog.itpub.net/29773961/viewspace-1813589/
【String】:
ASCII():返回ASCII碼
-
mysql> SELECT ASCII('A');
-
+------------+
-
| ASCII('A') |
-
+------------+
-
| 65 |
-
+------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
BIN():返回二進位制值,非數字則返回0
-
mysql> SELECT BIN('HELLO'), BIN('8'), BIN(10);
-
+--------------+----------+---------+
-
| BIN('HELLO') | BIN('8') | BIN(10) |
-
+--------------+----------+---------+
-
| 0 | 1000 | 1010 |
-
+--------------+----------+---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
BIT_LENGTH():以bit為單位來返回字串長度
-
mysql> SELECT BIT_LENGTH('a'), BIT_LENGTH('HELLO');
-
+-----------------+---------------------+
-
| BIT_LENGTH('a') | BIT_LENGTH('HELLO') |
-
+-----------------+---------------------+
-
| 8 | 40 |
-
+-----------------+---------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
CHAR_LENGTH()與CHARACTER_LENGTH():返回字串的字元數
-
mysql> SELECT CHAR_LENGTH('hello world');
-
+----------------------------+
-
| CHAR_LENGTH('hello world') |
-
+----------------------------+
-
| 11 |
-
+----------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
CHAR():將傳入的數轉換成正數並返回ACSII對應的字元
-
mysql> SELECT CHAR(77,'121.9',83*1,81.3,'76');
-
+---------------------------------+
-
| CHAR(77,'121.9',83*1,81.3,'76') |
-
+---------------------------------+
-
| MySQL |
-
+---------------------------------+
-
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
-
-
mysql> SHOW WARNINGS;
-
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------+
-
| Level | Code | Message |
-
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------+
-
| Warning | 1292 | Truncated incorrect INTEGER value: '121.9' |
-
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
mysql> SELECT CHARSET(CHAR(0x65)), CHARSET(CHAR(0x65 USING utf8));
-
+---------------------+--------------------------------+
-
| CHARSET(CHAR(0x65)) | CHARSET(CHAR(0x65 USING utf8)) |
-
+---------------------+--------------------------------+
-
| binary | utf8 |
-
+---------------------+--------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
CONCAT_WS():用特定字元連線引數組成一個字串(拼接字串)
-
mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS('_','hello','my','sql');
-
+-----------------------------------+
-
| CONCAT_WS('_','hello','my','sql') |
-
+-----------------------------------+
-
| hello_my_sql |
-
+-----------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
CONCAT():連線傳入的引數成一個字串(拼接字串)
-
mysql> SELECT CONCAT('m','y','sql');
-
+-----------------------+
-
| CONCAT('m','y','sql') |
-
+-----------------------+
-
| mysql |
-
+-----------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ELT():返回列表的第n個元素
-
mysql> SELECT ELT(1,'index1','index2','index3'),
-
-> ELT(3,'index1','index2','index3');
-
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
-
| ELT(1,'index1','index2','index3') | ELT(3,'index1','index2','index3') |
-
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
-
| index1 | index3 |
-
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
EXPORT_SET(bits,expr1,expr2[,'分隔符','用於補零']):按bit的排列方式,當位等於1時,插入expr1,等於0時,插入expr2,從左向右排列字元。
-
mysql> SELECT EXPORT_SET(2,'Y','N','_',5), EXPORT_SET(3,'Y','N','_',5), EXPORT_SET(4,'Y','N',',',5);
-
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
-
| EXPORT_SET(2,'Y','N','_',5) | EXPORT_SET(3,'Y','N','_',5) | EXPORT_SET(4,'Y','N',',',5) |
-
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
-
| N_Y_N_N_N | Y_Y_N_N_N | N,N,Y,N,N |
-
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
FIELD(v,v1,v2....):v值去與v1,v2……匹配,匹配到後返回該值位置,若無,則返回0
-
mysql> SELECT FIELD('hey','un','hey','huh','hey'),
-
-> FIELD('bye','un','hey','huh','hey');
-
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
-
| FIELD('hey','un','hey','huh','hey') | FIELD('bye','un','hey','huh','hey') |
-
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
-
| 2 | 0 |
-
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
FIND_IN_SET():查詢字元在字串中的位置
-
mysql> SELECT FIND_IN_SET('b','a,b,c'),
-
-> FIND_IN_SET('y','a,b,c');
-
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
-
| FIND_IN_SET('b','a,b,c') | FIND_IN_SET('y','a,b,c') |
-
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
-
| 2 | 0 |
-
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
FORMAT():將數字格式化成形如#,###,###形式,可限制其小數位,若不足則補0
-
mysql> SELECT FORMAT(123456,2),
-
-> FORMAT(1234567.333,1);
-
+------------------+-----------------------+
-
| FORMAT(123456,2) | FORMAT(1234567.333,1) |
-
+------------------+-----------------------+
-
| 123,456.00 | 1,234,567.3 |
-
+------------------+-----------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
FROM_BASE64():base64解碼
TO_BASE64():base64解碼
-
mysql> SELECT TO_BASE64('abc'), FROM_BASE64(TO_BASE64('abc'));
-
+------------------+-------------------------------+
-
| TO_BASE64('abc') | FROM_BASE64(TO_BASE64('abc')) |
-
+------------------+-------------------------------+
-
| YWJj | abc |
-
+------------------+-------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
HEX():16進位制編碼
UNHEX():16進位制解碼
-
mysql> SELECT 0x616263, HEX('abc'), UNHEX(HEX('abc'));
-
+----------+------------+-------------------+
-
| 0x616263 | HEX('abc') | UNHEX(HEX('abc')) |
-
+----------+------------+-------------------+
-
| abc | 616263 | abc |
-
+----------+------------+-------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
INSERT():在指定位置替換字元/字串
-
mysql> SELECT INSERT('Quadratic',3,4,'What'),
-
-> INSERT('Quadratic',-1,4,'What'),
-
-> INSERT('Quadratic',3,100,'What');
-
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------------------------------+
-
| INSERT('Quadratic',3,4,'What') | INSERT('Quadratic',-1,4,'What') | INSERT('Quadratic',3,100,'What') |
-
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------------------------------+
-
| QuWhattic | Quadratic | QuWhat |
-
+--------------------------------+---------------------------------+----------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
INSTR():返回字串的位置,類似POSITION()與LOCATION()
-
mysql> SELECT INSTR('mysql','ql');
-
+---------------------+
-
| INSTR('mysql','ql') |
-
+---------------------+
-
| 4 |
-
+---------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
LEFT():返回字串左側的指定字元數的字串
-
mysql> SELECT LEFT('mysql',2);
-
+-----------------+
-
| LEFT('mysql',2) |
-
+-----------------+
-
| my |
-
+-----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
LENGTH()與OCTET_LENGTH():返回字串的字元數
-
mysql> SELECT LENGTH('mysql'), LENGTH('嗯');
-
+-----------------+--------------+
-
| LENGTH('mysql') | LENGTH('嗯') |
-
+-----------------+--------------+
-
| 5 | 3 |
-
+-----------------+--------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
LOCATE()與POSITION():返回字串所在的位置,類似INSTR。
-
mysql> SELECT LOCATE('ql','mysql');
-
+----------------------+
-
| LOCATE('ql','mysql') |
-
+----------------------+
-
| 4 |
-
+----------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
LOWER()與LCASE():返回所有字串的小寫形式
-
mysql> SELECT LOWER('MySQL');
-
+----------------+
-
| LOWER('MySQL') |
-
+----------------+
-
| mysql |
-
+----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
mysql> SELECT LCASE('MYSQL');
-
+----------------+
-
| LCASE('MYSQL') |
-
+----------------+
-
| mysql |
-
+----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
LPAD():返回指定長度的字串,在左側用指定字元填充。
-
mysql> SELECT LPAD('MySQL',10,'a');
-
+----------------------+
-
| LPAD('MySQL',10,'a') |
-
+----------------------+
-
| aaaaaMySQL |
-
+----------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
LTRIM()與RTRIM():在左側或右側去除空格並返回字串,類似於TRIM()
-
mysql> SELECT LTRIM(' _mysql') a, RTRIM('mysql_ ') b;
-
+--------+--------+
-
| a | b |
-
+--------+--------+
-
| _mysql | mysql_ |
-
+--------+--------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MAKE_SET():按bit的排列方式,當位等於1時,返回該值,等於0時,不返回,從左向右排列字元。
- mysql> SELECT MAKE_SET(2,'a','b','c','d'),
- -> MAKE_SET(3,'a','b','c','d'),
- -> MAKE_SET(4,'a','b','c','d'),
-
-> MAKE_SET(5,'a','b','c','d')\G
-
*************************** 1. row ***************************
-
MAKE_SET(2,'a','b','c','d'): b
-
MAKE_SET(3,'a','b','c','d'): a,b
-
MAKE_SET(4,'a','b','c','d'): c
-
MAKE_SET(5,'a','b','c','d'): a,c
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
OCT():八進位制編碼
-
mysql> SELECT OCT(12);
-
+---------+
-
| OCT(12) |
-
+---------+
-
| 14 |
-
+---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ORD():返回字串的第一個字元的ASCII碼
-
mysql> SELECT ORD('a'), ORD('all'), ASCII('a');
-
+----------+------------+------------+
-
| ORD('a') | ORD('all') | ASCII('a') |
-
+----------+------------+------------+
-
| 97 | 97 | 97 |
-
+----------+------------+------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
QUOTE():用單引號將整個字串包裹起來,併為字串本身的特殊字元增加跳脫字元
-
mysql> SELECT QUOTE('Don\'t!'),
-
-> QUOTE('\t');
-
+------------------+-------------+
-
| QUOTE('Don\'t!') | QUOTE('\t') |
-
+------------------+-------------+
- | 'Don\'t!' | ' ' |
REPEAT():重複輸出字串
-
mysql> SELECT REPEAT('mysql',5);
-
+---------------------------+
-
| REPEAT('mysql',5) |
-
+---------------------------+
-
| mysqlmysqlmysqlmysqlmysql |
-
+---------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
REPLACE():將字串中的字元(串)替換成另一個字元(串)
-
mysql> SELECT REPLACE('','com','cn');
-
+--------------------------------------+
-
| REPLACE('','com','cn') |
-
+--------------------------------------+
-
| www.google.cn |
-
+--------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
REVERSE():返回字串以置返的形式(置返字串)
-
mysql> SELECT REVERSE('123456');
-
+-------------------+
-
| REVERSE('123456') |
-
+-------------------+
-
| 654321 |
-
+-------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
RIGHT():返回字串右側的指定字元數的字串
-
mysql> SELECT RIGHT('mysql',3);
-
+------------------+
-
| RIGHT('mysql',3) |
-
+------------------+
-
| sql |
-
+------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
RPAD():返回指定長度的字串,在右側用指定字元填充。
-
mysql> SELECT RPAD('MySQL',10,'_');
-
+----------------------+
-
| RPAD('MySQL',10,'_') |
-
+----------------------+
-
| MySQL_____ |
-
+----------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SOUNDEX():返回soundex字串(標準的為4字元),但是該函式可能返回一個稍長一點的字串,利用字元的讀音近似值所得。
目前是一個有限制的函式,只能用於英語,其他語言會產生無法預期的結果,官方表示將在未來版本(5.6以後)移除這些限制,可以在官方查詢BUG #22638來獲得更多資訊。
-
mysql> SELECT SOUNDEX('HELLO'), SOUNDEX('Quadratically');
-
+------------------+--------------------------+
-
| SOUNDEX('HELLO') | SOUNDEX('Quadratically') |
-
+------------------+--------------------------+
-
| H400 | Q36324 |
-
+------------------+--------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SPACE():返回N個空格
-
mysql> SELECT SPACE(10) a, LENGTH(SPACE(10));
-
+------------+-------------------+
-
| a | LENGTH(SPACE(10)) |
-
+------------+-------------------+
-
| | 10 |
-
+------------+-------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
STRCMP():返回字串的比較結果,0=same,-1=smaller,1=other(結果說明不分大小寫)
-
mysql> SELECT STRCMP('mysql','MYSQL'), STRCMP('mysql','mysql'), STRCMP('mysql','oracle'), STRCMP('oracle','mysql')\G
-
*************************** 1. row ***************************
-
STRCMP('mysql','MYSQL'): 0
-
STRCMP('mysql','mysql'): 0
-
STRCMP('mysql','oracle'): -1
-
STRCMP('oracle','mysql'): 1
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SUBSTRING()與MID()與SUBSTR()::返回從指定位置開始的字串
- mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING(123456,3); -- 可以用於數字
-
+-----------------------+
-
| SUBSTRING(123456,'3') |
-
+-----------------------+
-
| 3456 |
-
+-----------------------+
-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('ABCDEFG',3); -- 可以用於字串
-
+--------------------------+
-
| SUBSTRING('ABCDEFG','3') |
-
+--------------------------+
-
| CDEFG |
-
+--------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('ABCDEFG',3,2); -- 也可以指定返回幾個,比如從3號位置開始返回,返回2個字元
-
+--------------------------+
-
| SUBSTRING('ABCDEFG',3,2) |
-
+--------------------------+
-
| CD |
-
+--------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SUBSTRING_INDEX():返回字串的部分,基於指定分隔符。(如果是正數就從左往右開始搜尋,反之亦然)
-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX('abc@email.com','@',2); -- 以@為分隔符,返回第二個整部分的字串
-
+----------------------------------------+
-
| SUBSTRING_INDEX('abc@email.com','@',2) |
-
+----------------------------------------+
-
| abc@email.com |
-
+----------------------------------------+
-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX('abc@email.com','@',1); -- 以@為分隔符,返回第一部分的字串
-
+----------------------------------------+
-
| SUBSTRING_INDEX('abc@email.com','@',1) |
-
+----------------------------------------+
-
| abc |
-
+----------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX('','.',1); -- 以.為分隔符,返回.之前的第一部分字串
-
+----------------------------------------+
-
| SUBSTRING_INDEX('','.',1) |
-
+----------------------------------------+
-
| www |
-
+----------------------------------------+
-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX('','.',-1); -- 以.為分隔符,從右往左開始,返回.之前的第一部分字串
-
+-----------------------------------------+
-
| SUBSTRING_INDEX('','.',-1) |
-
+-----------------------------------------+
-
| com |
-
+-----------------------------------------+
-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX('','.',-2); -- 以.為分隔符,從右往左開始,返回.之前的第二個整部分字串
-
+-----------------------------------------+
-
| SUBSTRING_INDEX('','.',-2) |
-
+-----------------------------------------+
-
| mysql.com |
-
+-----------------------------------------+
-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX('','.',-3); -- 以.為分隔符,從右往左開始,返回.之前的第三個整部分字串
-
+-----------------------------------------+
-
| SUBSTRING_INDEX('','.',-3) |
-
+-----------------------------------------+
-
| www.mysql.com |
-
+-----------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
TRIM():移除字串的空格或指定字元
-
mysql> SELECT TRIM(' mysql ') as A; -- 預設移除空格
-
+-------+
-
| A |
-
+-------+
-
| mysql |
-
+-------+
-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
mysql> SELECT TRIM(TRAILING 'asd' FROM 'mysqlasdasd') as A; -- TRAILING用來移除字串末尾的指定字元
-
+-------+
-
| A |
-
+-------+
-
| mysql |
-
+-------+
-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
mysql> SELECT TRIM(LEADING 'asd' FROM 'asdmysql') as A; -- LEADING用來移除字串開始的指定字元
-
+-------+
-
| A |
-
+-------+
-
| mysql |
-
+-------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
UPPER()與UCASE():返回所有字串的大寫形式
-
mysql> SELECT UPPER('MySQL');
-
+----------------+
-
| UPPER('MySQL') |
-
+----------------+
-
| MYSQL |
-
+----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
WEIGHT_STRING():返回一個weight_string值
常用於測試或除錯collation。
作者公眾號(持續更新)
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