【Oracle】歸檔日誌管理-設定歸檔日誌路徑以及歸檔日誌冗餘
一般情況下,資料庫安裝時選擇的是預設NOARCHIVELOG模式。如果要開啟ARCHIVELOG模式,則需要為歸檔日誌路徑設定初始化引數。
歸檔日誌路徑可以配置一個也可以配置多個。路徑可以是本地路徑,如本地檔案系統,ASM磁碟組;也可以是遠端路徑,如備份資料庫。設定多個歸檔日誌路徑,可以對歸檔日誌做冗餘,即使有一個目標盤損壞,也可以保證歸檔日誌是可用的。
在配置引數時,歸檔日誌的路徑可以動態修改,在下一次日誌切換的時候生效。
這裡給出 3種常用的歸檔路徑的設定方案:單一歸檔路徑方案、兩路歸檔路徑方案和多路歸檔路徑的方案。
方案 1:單一歸檔路徑
如果只設定單一的歸檔目錄,預設使用 db_recovery_file_dest引數,使用 Fast Recovery Area存放歸檔資料;也可手工 配置 log_archive_dest初始化引數,可以配置為本地檔案系統,ASM磁碟組 。使用 log_archive_dest_n引數的方法在第三種方案進行討論。
具體操作如下:
--如果使用fast recovery area存放歸檔日誌,需要注意該區域有大小限制,建議將大小調大 SYS@cams> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_ area db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 4182M SYS@cams> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=10G; System altered. SYS@cams> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_ area db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 10G
--如果使用本地路徑存放歸檔日誌,需要將db_recovery_file_dest引數置空,然後設定log_archive_dest引數。這裡給出的是本地檔案系統例子,讀者可自行測試ASM磁碟組。 SYS@cams> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest=''; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive'; System altered.
需要將LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n和DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST引數置空,以免出現如下問題:
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'; alter system set log_archive_dest='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST' * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-16018: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n or DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
此時,可以看到trace日誌的變化,LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的預設值自動調整過程。其中,在使用Fast Recovery Area歸檔的情況下,LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的預設值為USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST。
Tue Dec 18 17:48:24 2018 ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest_size='10G' SCOPE=BOTH; Tue Dec 18 17:52:13 2018 Cleared LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest='' SCOPE=BOTH; Tue Dec 18 17:52:28 2018 ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive' SCOPE=BOTH;
--首先建立新的歸檔路徑 [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive
--此時對日誌進行切換,觸發寫歸檔日誌 SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
--檢視新生成的歸檔日誌 [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive total 11960 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12244992 Dec 18 17:57 1_25_994950965.dbf
trace日誌中也可以看到LGWR switch操作
Tue Dec 18 17:57:10 2018 Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 26 Private strand flush not complete Current log# 1 seq# 25 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo01.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 26 (LGWR switch) Current log# 2 seq# 26 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.log Tue Dec 18 17:57:10 2018 Archived Log entry 20 added for thread 1 sequence 25 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1:
方案 2:兩路歸檔路徑
如果要設定兩路歸檔路徑,常用的方案是配置 log_archive_dest和log_archive_duplex_dest引數。 用 log_archive_dest_n引數的方法在第三種方案進行討論。
具體操作如下:
--建立新的歸檔路徑 [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive1
--設定log_archive_duplex_dest引數路徑並切換日誌觸發寫歸檔日誌 SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_duplex_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive1'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
--檢視新生成的歸檔日誌檔案,顯然新生成的歸檔大小和檔名一致。兩份歸檔日誌互為冗餘。 [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive total 15704 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12244992 Dec 18 17:57 1_25_994950965.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3830272 Dec 18 18:30 1_26_994950965.dbf [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive1 total 3744 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3830272 Dec 18 18:30 1_26_994950965.dbf
檢視trace日誌,可以看到LGWR switch操作,然後分別在兩個目錄下寫歸檔。
Tue Dec 18 18:30:01 2018 Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 27 Private strand flush not complete Current log# 2 seq# 26 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 27 (LGWR switch) Current log# 3 seq# 27 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.log Tue Dec 18 18:30:02 2018 Archived Log entry 21 added for thread 1 sequence 26 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1: Archived Log entry 22 added for thread 1 sequence 26 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:
方案 3:多路歸檔路徑
如果要設定多路歸檔路徑,需要使用log_archive_dest_n引數,其中,n的取值為1到31的整數,也就是說,可以指定1到31個獨立的路徑作為歸檔日誌的路徑。
log_archive_dest_n引數的取值可以選擇LOCATION或SERVIDE關鍵字。如果使用LOCATION關鍵字,可以選擇本地檔案系統、ASM磁碟組或USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST代表的閃回恢復區;如果使用SERVICE關鍵字,可以選擇備庫的網路連線識別符號連線備份資料庫。
具體操作如下:
--建立本地歸檔目錄 [oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive2 [oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive3
--配置log_archive_dest_n引數 SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_duplex_dest=''; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest=''; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive2'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_3='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive3'; System altered.
需要注意置空的順序,以免出現如下錯誤
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest=''; alter system set log_archive_dest='' * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-16022: LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST cannot be NULL because LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST is non-NULL
需要將LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST和LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST引數置空,以免出現如下問題:
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'; alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST' * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-16019: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST or LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST
--切換日誌,觸發寫歸檔日誌 SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
檢視新生成的歸檔日誌檔案,顯然新生成的歸檔大小和檔名一致。兩份歸檔日誌互為冗餘。
[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive2 total 5440 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4416512 Dec 18 19:09 1_27_994950965.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1148416 Dec 18 19:23 1_28_994950965.dbf [oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive3 total 5440 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4416512 Dec 18 19:09 1_27_994950965.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1148416 Dec 18 19:23 1_28_994950965.dbf
檢視trace日誌,看到錯誤提示,提示DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST未設定值
Tue Dec 18 19:23:59 2018 Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cams/cams/trace/cams_arc3_29341.trc: ORA-19801: initialization parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST is not set Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cams/cams/trace/cams_arc3_29341.trc: ORA-16032: parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 destination string cannot be translated ORA-19801: initialization parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST is not set Archived Log entry 25 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2: Archived Log entry 26 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:
為DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST引數配置數值,切換日誌
SYS@cams> alter system set DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
檢視trace日誌資訊,最後可看到同時寫入了3個歸檔路徑
Tue Dec 18 19:27:58 2018 ********************************************************** WARNING: Files may exists in db_recovery_file_dest that are not known to the database. Use the RMAN command CATALOG RECOVERY AREA to re-catalog any such files. If files cannot be cataloged, then manually delete them using OS command. One of the following events caused this: 1. A backup controlfile was restored. 2. A standby controlfile was restored. 3. The controlfile was re-created. 4. db_recovery_file_dest had previously been enabled and then disabled. ********************************************************** ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' SCOPE=BOTH; Tue Dec 18 19:27:58 2018 db_recovery_file_dest_size of 10240 MB is 5.63% used. This is a user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup. Tue Dec 18 19:28:01 2018 Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 30 Private strand flush not complete Current log# 2 seq# 29 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 30 (LGWR switch) Current log# 3 seq# 30 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.log Tue Dec 18 19:28:01 2018 Archived Log entry 27 added for thread 1 sequence 29 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2: Archived Log entry 28 added for thread 1 sequence 29 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3: Tue Dec 18 19:33:38 2018 Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 31 Private strand flush not complete Current log# 3 seq# 30 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 31 (LGWR switch) Current log# 1 seq# 31 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo01.log Tue Dec 18 19:33:39 2018 Expanded controlfile section 11 from 28 to 62 records Requested to grow by 34 records; added 2 blocks of records Archived Log entry 29 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1: Archived Log entry 30 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2: Archived Log entry 31 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:
本文尚未對ASM磁碟組以及service網路連線備庫的模式進行測試,感興趣的讀者可以自行搭建資料庫環境測試。
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