首先在mysql 的官方網站下載安裝所需要的原始碼包，由於原始碼包的安裝需要cmake 的支援，因此：

[root@mysqla ~]# uname -a

Linux mysqla.richinfo.cn 2.6.18-194.el5xen #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 22:01:26 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@mysqla ~]# cd /soft/

[root@mysqla soft]# ll

total 28652

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5517977 Aug 7 12:01 cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23774015 Aug 7 12:02 mysql-5.5.15.tar.gz

(1) cmake 的安裝

[root@mysqla soft]# tar -xvf cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz

[root@mysqla cmake-2.8.5]# vim Readme.txt

從文件中獲取以下安裝步驟

$ ./bootstrap;

make;

make install

(2) mysql 的安裝

A. 建立 mysql 使用者以及mysql組

[root@mysqla cmake-2.8.5]# groupadd mysql

[root@mysqla cmake-2.8.5]# useradd -g mysql mysql

B. 建立mysql資料庫的相關目錄，並且賦予許可權

[root@mysqla cmake-2.8.5]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql

[root@mysqla cmake-2.8.5]# mkdir /data/mysql -p

[root@mysqla cmake-2.8.5]# mkdir /etc/mysql

[root@mysqla cmake-2.8.5]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

[root@mysqla cmake-2.8.5]# chown mysql.mysql /etc/mysql

[root@mysqla cmake-2.8.5]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql –R

[root@mysqla etc]# chmod 755 /data/mysql -R

[root@mysqla etc]# chmod 755 /etc/mysql

[root@mysqla etc]# chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql

C．編譯並安裝 mysql

Cmake 採用以下引數

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mysql/data/ \

-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/mysql/ \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/etc/mysql/mysqld.sock \

-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DMYSQL_USER=mysql

相關引數的查詢可以參考幫助文件：

[root@mysqla mysql-5.5.15]# cmake . -LH

-- MySQL 5.5.15

-- Configuring done

-- Generating done

-- Build files have been written to: /soft/mysql-5.5.15

-- Cache values

也可以檢視官檔：

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/source-configuration-options.html

-DSYSCONFDIR=dir_name

The default my.cnf option file directory. // mysql 的 my.cnf 存放路徑

DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=file_name

The Unix socket file path on which the server listens for socket connections. This must be an absolute path name. The default is /tmp/mysql.sock.

This value can be set at server startup with the --socket option. //socket 的存放路徑，其檔案用於伺服器的監聽和套接連結

################################################################

Cmake 時會出現如下警告資訊：

CMake Warning:

Manually-specified variables were not used by the project:

MYSQL_USER

去掉 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql 引數

[root@mysqla mysql-5.5.15]# rm CMakeCache.txt

rm: remove regular file `CMakeCache.txt'? y

繼續編譯透過

#############################################################################

如果出現一下錯誤：

cmake .

-- MySQL 5.5.8

-- Could NOT find Curses (missing: CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)

CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:82 (MESSAGE):

Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,

remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.

Call Stack (most recent call first):

cmake/readline.cmake:126 (FIND_CURSES)

cmake/readline.cmake:216 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)

CMakeLists.txt:256 (MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE)

-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

安裝：

# yum -y install ncurses-devel

##############################################################################

Make

Make install

複製配置檔案 my.cnf

[root@mysqla mysql]# cp /soft/mysql-5.5.15/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

使用chown chmod 更改檔案的許可權與屬組

配置開機自啟動：

[root@mysqla mysql]# cp /soft/mysql-5.5.15/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@mysqla mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@mysqla mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql

[root@mysqla mysql]# chkconfig mysql on

[root@mysqla mysql]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql

mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

[root@mysqla mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql

Installing MySQL system tables...

110807 16:25:41 [ERROR] Unknown collation: 'utf8-general_ci'

110807 16:25:41 [ERROR] Aborting

110807 16:25:41 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

由於在編譯時採用了錯誤的 DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8-general_ci(utf8_general_ci) 設定，因此在my.cnf 使用了 character_set_server = utf8 初始化DB

但是在登入時，也出現了一下錯誤：

[root@mysqla mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: Collation 'utf8-general_ci' is not a compiled collation and is not specified in the '/usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml' file

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

[root@mysqla mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin: Collation 'utf8-general_ci' is not a compiled collation and is not specified in the '/usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml' file

[root@mysqla mysql]# vim /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml

[root@mysqla mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed

error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)'

更改了/usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml 的內容：

Unicode

UTF-8 Unicode

utf-8

"utf8_general_ci" id="33">

primary

compiled

id="83">

binary

compiled

更改為：

Unicode

UTF-8 Unicode

utf-8

"utf8-general_ci" id="33">

primary

compiled

id="83">

binary

compiled

檢視官方文件：

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=collation_name

The server collation. By default, MySQL uses latin1_swedish_ci. Use the SHOW COLLATION statement to determine which collations are available for each character set.

This value can be set at server startup with the --collation_server option.

個人理解：每個字符集都有自己的預設校驗字符集，對於每種字符集的資料庫， mysql 均會採用指定的collation 方式，排序就會用到此校驗規則。

mysql> create table tt (name varchar(10)) character set utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values('aa');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values('AA');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values('ab');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values('AB');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values('ac');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values('AC');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from tt order by name collate utf8_bin;

+------+

| name |

+------+

| AA |

| AB |

| AC |

| aa |

| ab |

| ac |

+------+

6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from tt order by name collate utf8_general_ci;

+------+

| name |

+------+

| aa |

| AA |

| ab |

| AB |

| ac |

| AC |

+------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql 5.5.15 原始碼包在linux5.5_x86_64 安裝

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