同事反映，在mysql的一套測試庫中執行'show databases;'命令，看不到mysql庫
-bash-4.1$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.73    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

檢視報錯日誌，沒有什麼異常

檢視資料檔案目錄裡面的檔案和相關作業系統許可權，正常，資料檔案的目錄也正確
mysql> show variables like '%data%';
+----------------------------+------------------------+
| Variable_name              | Value                  |
+----------------------------+------------------------+
| character_set_database     | latin1                 |
| collation_database         | latin1_swedish_ci      |
| datadir                    | /var/lib/mysql/        |
| innodb_data_file_path      | ibdata1:10M:autoextend |
| innodb_data_home_dir       |                        |
| innodb_stats_on_metadata   | ON                     |
| max_length_for_sort_data   | 1024                   |
| max_long_data_size         | 1048576                |
| myisam_data_pointer_size   | 6                      |
| skip_show_database         | OFF                    |
| updatable_views_with_limit | YES                    |
+----------------------------+------------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
-bash-4.1$ cd /var/lib/mysql
-bash-4.1$ ls -l
total 28716
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Mar 14 18:02 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Mar 14 18:02 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jul 21 2016 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql    12288 Oct 19 12:04 merlin
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 29 2014 monitor_gui
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Mar 26 2014 mysql
srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql        0 Mar 14 17:57 mysql.sock
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql    12288 Nov 24 2015 nacoma
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Nov 4 2014 ngmdb
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Mar 26 2014 test
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Oct 19 12:06 trapper

在網上查了一下相關的案例，發現與許可權表mysql.user表有關

解決方法：
關閉資料庫
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

以跳過許可權認證方式啟動mysql
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables &

刪除mysql.user表中host名為'localhost'的記錄
mysql> use mysql
mysql> delete from user where host='localhost';
Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','root','','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y', 'Y', '','','','',0,0,0,0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

再次重啟資料庫後，正常
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

更改root密碼
mysqladmin -u root -proot password djg345

MySQL 5.1 執行show databases沒有mysql庫

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