【TAR】【安裝】Linux環境使用TAR命令快速部署安裝Oracle
使用tar命令可以實現快速部署和安裝Oracle的目的，當然，前提是您手中已經有了一份被您精心調優後的資料庫tar包，此後，您就可以使用解tar的方式在其他的伺服器上進行快速部署安裝了。
下面展現一下這個“快速”的過程（斟酌一下哪些步驟還可以簡化？）。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.安裝必須的系統包
[root@secDB Server]# cd /media/RHEL_5.3\ x86_64\ DVD/Server/
rpm -ivh setarch-2*
rpm -ivh make-3*
rpm -ivh glibc-2*
rpm -ivh libaio-0*
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3*
rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-3*
rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-c++-3*
rpm -ivh libXp-1*
rpm -ivh openmotif-2*
rpm -ivh compat-db-4*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.修改sysctl.conf檔案並使用“sysctl -p”命令使之生效
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
# /sbin/sysctl -p
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.編輯limits.conf檔案，尾部新增下面的內容
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nproc 2047
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.編輯login檔案，新增一行內容
# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.修改config檔案
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
#SELINUXTYPE=targeted（登出該行）
SELINUXTYPE=disabled
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.此時，最好重啟一下伺服器。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.建立oracle使用者及組，並設定密碼
# groupadd oinstall
# groupadd dba
# groupadd oper
# useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
輸入密碼:oracle
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.將tar包解開
這裡要注意的的地方是：確認之前生成tar包的路徑選用的是絕對路徑還是相對路徑，確保解tar後保持原有的目錄結構不變。
[root@secDB /]# tar -xvf oracle_10203_.tar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.su到oracle使用者，編輯.bash_profile配置檔案
# su - oracle
# vi ~/.bash_profile
內容為：
# .bash_profile
set -o vi
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=secooler
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:.
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin:/sbin:$HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/oracle/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
#LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1; export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
set -o vi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. 修改listener.ora檔案和tnsnames.ora檔案，將其中的IP地址替換為伺服器的具體IP資訊，並修改為靜態監聽（您也可以不使用靜態監聽的模式，以您具體測試結果為準）
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = secooler)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = secooler)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 144.194.192.100)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
secooler =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 144.194.192.100)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = secooler)
)
)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.啟動監聽
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ lsnrctl start
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12.修改hosts檔案，將主機的名字新增到“127.0.0.1”後面，修改後的樣例如下
[root@secDB ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 secDB localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13.最後，啟動資料庫，並驗證資料庫的可用性
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Oct 21 14:41:21 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1577058304 bytes
Fixed Size 2073024 bytes
Variable Size 385879616 bytes
Database Buffers 1174405120 bytes
Redo Buffers 14700544 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.小結
如果您經常在相同的作業系統環境下頻繁的部署和安裝小型的Oracle資料庫，可以考慮使用這個解tar的方法。這樣可以避免圖形化介面安裝過程的枯燥和乏味，同時可以節省DBA的寶貴時間。
這種方法也是快速構建測試環境的高效方法，可以真實的再現原有資料庫的細節。
Good luck.
-- The End --
下面展現一下這個“快速”的過程（斟酌一下哪些步驟還可以簡化？）。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.安裝必須的系統包
[root@secDB Server]# cd /media/RHEL_5.3\ x86_64\ DVD/Server/
rpm -ivh setarch-2*
rpm -ivh make-3*
rpm -ivh glibc-2*
rpm -ivh libaio-0*
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3*
rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-3*
rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-c++-3*
rpm -ivh libXp-1*
rpm -ivh openmotif-2*
rpm -ivh compat-db-4*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.修改sysctl.conf檔案並使用“sysctl -p”命令使之生效
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
# /sbin/sysctl -p
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.編輯limits.conf檔案，尾部新增下面的內容
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nproc 2047
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.編輯login檔案，新增一行內容
# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.修改config檔案
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
#SELINUXTYPE=targeted（登出該行）
SELINUXTYPE=disabled
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.此時，最好重啟一下伺服器。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.建立oracle使用者及組，並設定密碼
# groupadd oinstall
# groupadd dba
# groupadd oper
# useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
輸入密碼:oracle
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.將tar包解開
這裡要注意的的地方是：確認之前生成tar包的路徑選用的是絕對路徑還是相對路徑，確保解tar後保持原有的目錄結構不變。
[root@secDB /]# tar -xvf oracle_10203_.tar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.su到oracle使用者，編輯.bash_profile配置檔案
# su - oracle
# vi ~/.bash_profile
內容為：
# .bash_profile
set -o vi
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=secooler
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:.
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin:/sbin:$HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/oracle/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
#LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1; export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
set -o vi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. 修改listener.ora檔案和tnsnames.ora檔案，將其中的IP地址替換為伺服器的具體IP資訊，並修改為靜態監聽（您也可以不使用靜態監聽的模式，以您具體測試結果為準）
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = secooler)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = secooler)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 144.194.192.100)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
secooler =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 144.194.192.100)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = secooler)
)
)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.啟動監聽
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ lsnrctl start
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12.修改hosts檔案，將主機的名字新增到“127.0.0.1”後面，修改後的樣例如下
[root@secDB ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 secDB localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13.最後，啟動資料庫，並驗證資料庫的可用性
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Oct 21 14:41:21 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1577058304 bytes
Fixed Size 2073024 bytes
Variable Size 385879616 bytes
Database Buffers 1174405120 bytes
Redo Buffers 14700544 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.小結
如果您經常在相同的作業系統環境下頻繁的部署和安裝小型的Oracle資料庫，可以考慮使用這個解tar的方法。這樣可以避免圖形化介面安裝過程的枯燥和乏味，同時可以節省DBA的寶貴時間。
這種方法也是快速構建測試環境的高效方法，可以真實的再現原有資料庫的細節。
Good luck.
-- The End --
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/519536/viewspace-617447/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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