Linux local source list
A. Ubuntu
1. 本地ISO
# 首先掛載本地映象
mount -o loop -t iso9660 ./ubuntu.iso /media/cdrom
# 手動新增ISO映象至源列表，這樣就可以在軟體庫中找到ISO中的所有包
apt-cdrom -m -d=/media/cdrom add
# 重新整理軟體庫
apt update
# 完成後檢視sources.list ，本地源應該在第一條，否則預設還是從網上下載e.g.
root@ubuntu:/# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
root@ubuntu:/# sudo apt-cdrom -m -d /media/cdrom/ add
Using CD-ROM mount point /media/cdrom/
Identifying... [83cd189f3f418ae846baff8ecfba5390-2]
Scanning disc for index files...
Found 4 package indexes, 0 source indexes, 0 translation indexes and 1 signatures
Found label `Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)`
This disc is called:
`Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)`
Copying package lists...gpgv: Signature made Tue 31 Jul 2018 08:39:26 AM CST using RSA key ID EFE21092
gpgv: Good signature from "Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key (2012) <cdimage@ubuntu.com>"
Reading Package Indexes... Done
Writing new source list
Source list entries for this disc are:
deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)]/ xenial main restricted
Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.
root@ubuntu:/# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# 此時sources.list中多出一行本地源
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)]/ xenial main restricted
root@ubuntu:/#
root@ubuntu:/# sudo apt update2. 製作本地源
平時apt-get install安裝軟體時，下載的deb檔案都會存放在/var/cache/apt/archives/下，為了今後重灌或給別人用 。
步驟：
# 新建離線源目錄
mkdir ~/packs
# 將快取複製到目錄
cp -rv /var/cache/apt/archives/* ~/packs
# 拷貝過來發現在packs當中為檔案都是root賬戶的，需要修改
# 修改所有者
# sudo chown -R someone.someone * $pack_dir
# 修改許可權
# sudo chmod ug+rw,o+r * $pack_dir
# 建立Packages包，裡面記錄了packs目錄下的軟體包資訊，包括依賴資訊
dpkg-scanpackages ~/packs /dev/null |gzip > packs/Packages.gz -r
# 將~/packs複製到目標計算機，或本機的某處
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# 新增 deb file:/// /home/someone/packs/
# 注意： packs後面有一個斜槓，全路徑前面還要有空格
# 更新源
sudo apt-get update ---allow-insecure-repositories
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get xxxx --allow-unauthenticated
# 本地的源是沒有簽名的，直接更新ubuntu1604下的apt會提示找不到release檔案，是一種不安全的源，預設是被禁用的。如果還要安裝的話需要加上 --allow-unauthenticated 選項。
# N: Updating from such a repository can`t be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.B. CentOS
1. 本地ISO
1. 首先建立掛載點
2. 然後掛載光碟機
3. 移除原有源
4. 新建local.repo檔案,內容如下：
```
[name]
name="local repo"
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/
enabeld=1
gpgcheck=0
```
5. 對yum進行初始化操作e.g.
[root@cent7 ~]# mkdir /media/cdrom
[root@cent7 ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@cent7 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# pwd
/etc/yum.repos.d
[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo mysql-community.repo mysql-community-source.repo
[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak/
[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
寫入以下內容：
[name]
name="local repo"
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/
enabeld=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all # 清除快取
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: name
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache # 建立新快取
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
name | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): name/group_gz | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): name/primary_db | 776 kB 00:00:00
(3/4): name/other_db | 198 kB 00:00:00
(4/4): name/filelists_db | 298 kB 00:00:00
Metadata Cache Created
[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# yum list | wc -l # 檢視可用個數
546
[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]#