linux7上安裝RAC的問題

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PURPOSE

This note explains the requirements that need to be met for a successful installation of Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS release 11.2.0.4 on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 (or higher 7.x version), 64-bit (x86-64).  These guidelines apply to cluster (RAC) or standalone / single instances.

It is NOT the purpose of this NOTE to repeat every "how-to" step that is presented in the 11gR2 Installation Guide manual. For example this NOTE does not include how to create the Linux OS account named "oracle", nor does it cover how to set environment variables. Both are adequately covered in Chapter 2 "Oracle Database Pre-installation Requirements" of the 11gR2 Installation Guide manual.

You can download Oracle 11.2.0.4 software from My Oracle Support () 

SCOPE

 This procedure is meant for those planning/installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS release 11.2.0.4.0 (or higher 11.2.0.x version) on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 (or higher 7.x version) on the 64-bit (x86-64) platform. Since it is the expressed goal to keep Oracle Linux (OL) functionally IDENTICAL to RHEL, this NOTE is also completely applicable to 64-bit (x86-64) OL 7.0 (or higher 7.x version).

This procedure is not meant for those planning/installing Grid Infrastructure (GI) or any other Oracle products.

DETAILS

 Requirements for installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS release 11.2.0.4 64-bit on RHEL7 or OL7 64-bit (x86_64)

I. Hardware:
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  1. Minimum Hardware Requirements
      a.) At least 1.0 GB (1024MB) of physical RAM
      b.) Swap disk space proportional to the system's physical memory as follows:

NOTE: The above recommendations (from the ) are MINIMUM recommendations for installations. Further RAM and swap space may be required to tune/improve RDBMS performance.

     c.) 1.0 GB (1024MB) of disk space (and less than 2TB of disk space) in the /tmp directory.
     d.) approximately 4.4 GB of local disk space for the database software.
     e.) approximately 1.7 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage (optional).

  2. Refer Note:236826.1 for details on certified filesystems for Oracle Database.

II. Software:
============
   1. As is specified in section 1.3.2 of the Oracle Database Installation Guide for 11gR2 on Linux (part number E24321-02), Oracle recommends that you install the Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs) and do not customize the RPMs during installation. For additional information on "default-RPMs", please see Note 376183.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS" or Note 401167.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL) OS".

2.Linux Kernel Requirements

Oracle Linux 7.0 

• Oracle Linux 7 with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel : 3.8.13-33.el7uek.x86_64 or later
• Oracle Linux 7 with the Red Hat Compatible kernel : 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later
  

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.0

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 : 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later

NOTE:

• RHEL7 servers must be running Red Hat kernel 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7 (x86_64) or higher or 3.8.13-33.el7uek (x86_64) or higher with UEK kernel. OL7 servers must also be running kernel 3.8.13-33.el7uek (x86_64) or higher version. The product RHEL does not deliver UEK Kernel. Only in OL 7 UEK and RHCK Kernel is included.
• It is observed there are hang issues in RHEL 7 with many CPU cores and more RAM, due NUMA was enabled. As a work around it is recommended to turn off NUMA.

3. Required OS Components (per Release Notes, and Install Guide)

      a.) The exact version number details of this list are based upon 64-bit (x86_64) RHEL 7.0. When a higher "update" level is used, the RPM release numbers (such as 4.4.4-13) may be slightly different. Since updates of RHEL 7 are certified, this is fine so long as you are still using 64-bit Linux (x86_64) RHEL 7 RPMs.
      b.) Some of the Install Guide requirements will already be present from the "default-RPMs" foundation of Linux that you started with: 

4. Additional Required OS Components (per the runInstaller OUI)
       a.) intentionally blank

5. Additional Required OS Components (per this NOTE)
       a.) Please do not rush, skip, or minimize this critical step. This list is based upon a "default-RPMs" installation of 64-bit (x86_64) RHEL 6. Additional RPMs (beyond anything known to Oracle) may be needed if a "less-than-default-RPMs" installation of 64-bit (x86_64) RHEL Server 6 is performed. For more information, please refer to Note 376183.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS" or Note 401167.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL) OS".
       b.) Several RPMs will be required as prerequisites to those listed in section II.3.c:  

 6. Oracle Global Customer Support has noticed a recent trend with install problems that originates from installing too many RPMs. For example:
       a.) installing your own JDK version (prior to execute the Oracle Software runInstaller) is not needed on Linux, and is not recommended on Linux. A pre-existing JDK often interferes with the correct JDK that the Linux Oracle Software runInstaller will place and use.
       b.) installing more than the required version of the gcc / g++ RPMs often leads to accidentally using (aka enabling or activating) the incorrect one. If you have multiple RDBMS versions installed on the same Linux machine, then you will likely have to manage multiple versions of gcc /g++ . For more information, please see Note 444084.1, "Multiple gcc / g++ Versions in Linux"

   7. All of the RPMs in section II. are on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 64-bit (x86_64) distribution media.

III. Environment:
================
   1. Modify your kernel settings in /etc/sysctl.conf (RedHat) as follows. If the current value for any parameter is higher than the value listed in this table, do not change the value of that parameter. Range values (such as net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range) must match exactly.  

  2. To activate these new settings into the running kernel space, run the "sysctl -p" command as root.

  3. Set Shell Limits for the oracle User. Assuming that the "oracle" Unix user will perform the installation, do the following:

       a.) Add the following settings to /etc/security/limits.conf

      b.) Verify the latest version of PAM is loaded, then add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:  

     c.) Verify the current ulimits, and raise if needed.  This can be done many ways...adding the following lines to /etc/profile is the recommended method:  

4. The gcc-4.4.4 and gcc-c++-4.4.4 RPM items above will ensure that the correct gcc / g++ versions are installed. It is also required that you ensure that these correct gcc / g++ versions are active, and in-use. Ensure that the commands "gcc --version" and "g++ --version" each return "4.8.2".

5. The hostname command should return the fully qualified hostname as shown below:  

6. If any Java packages are installed on the system, unset the Java environment variables, for example JAVA_HOME.

7. The oracle account that is used to install Oracle 11.2.0.4 should not have the Oracle install related variables set by default. For example setting ORACLE_HOME, PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH to include Oracle binaries in .profile, .login file and /etc/profile.d should be completely avoided.
        a.) Setting $ORACLE_BASE (not $ORACLE_HOME) is recommended, since it eases a few prompts in the OUI runInstaller tool.
        b.) Following the successful install, it is recommended to set $ORACLE_HOME, and to set $PATH to include $ORACLE_HOME/bin at the beginning of the $PATH string.

8. By default, RHEL 7 x86_64 Linux is installed with SELinux as "enforcing". This is fine for the 11gR2 installation process. However, to subsequently run "sqlplus", switch SELinux to the "Permissive" mode. See NOTE 454196.1, "./sqlplus: error on libnnz11.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc" for more details.

UPDATE: Internal testing suggests that there is no problem running "sqlplus" with SELinux in "enforcing" mode on RHEL7/OL7. The problem only affects RHEL5/OL5.

9. Log in as Oracle user and start the installation as follows:  

       a.) It is best practice not to use any form of "su" to start the runInstaller, in order to avoid potential display-related problems.
       b.) When performing the 11.2.0.4 installation, make sure to use the "runInstaller" version that comes with 11.2.0.4 software. 
       c.) When performing any subsequent 11.2.0.x patchset, make sure to use the "runInstaller" version that comes with the patchset.

Known Issue :

01) The installer needs to be launched with "-ignorePrereq" option due to unpublished bug 19947777. This issue occurs since Oracle Linux 7 was not released when Oracle database 11.2.0.4 was made available and hence was not certified. However, Oracle 11.2.0.4 is now certified on OL7. Refer Note 1962046.1 for details.

02) Compilation fails for target 'relink_exe' fails with "undefined reference to symbol ‘B_DestroyKeyObject’" error and is reported in unpublished bug 19692824. The solution is to install patch  as documented in Note 1965691.1.

ADDITIONAL NOTES
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1. Supported distributions of the 32-bit (x86) Linux OS can run on on AMD64/EM64T and Intel Processor Chips that adhere to the x86_64 architecture
    a.) Oracle 32-bit Database Server running on AMD64/EM64T with 32-bit OS is supported, but is NOT covered by this NOTE.
    b.) Oracle 32-bit Database Server running on AMD64/EM64T with 64-bit OS is not certified and is not supported.
    c.) Oracle 32-bit Database Client running on AMD64/EM64T with 64-bit OS is expected to be supported, but is NOT covered by this NOTE.

2. Asynchronous I/O on ext2 and ext3 file systems is supported if your scsi/fc driver supports that functionality.  

3. No extra patch is required for the DIRECTIO support for x86_64.

4. No LD_ASSUME_KERNEL value should be used with the 11gR2 product.

5. The following rpm command can be used to distinguish between a 32-bit or 64-bit package.    

REFERENCES