在上篇中，我們討論並且演示瞭如何利用Trace檔案恢復控制檔案。但是我們的控制檔案中包括的備份資訊，卻不能儲存在Trace檔案的create control file語句裡面。

那麼，我們有什麼方法儲存住備份資訊呢？具體有兩個方法，使用catalog和backup set載入。下面我們分別進行演示。

4、Catalog備份資訊保留

預設情況下，RMAN將備份資訊儲存在target資料庫的control file中。如果發生我們所實驗的情況，備份資訊將全部消失。另外一種RMAN推薦的方法是將這些備份資訊儲存在另外資料庫異地儲存，就是catalog。

如果我們能夠在catalog中備份一份關於target資料庫備份資料庫的備份資訊，就可以實現Backup資訊的留存。

首先，我們在實驗環境上建立資料庫備份。

RMAN> backup database plus archivelog delete all input;

Starting backup at 20-FEB-13

current log archived

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=142 devtype=DISK

（篇幅原因，省略部分內容……）

handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/backupset/2013_02_20/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130220T152242_8l8yg3jb_.bkp tag=TAG20130220T152242 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/archivelog/2013_02_20/o1_mf_1_9_8l8yg1bc_.arc recid=5 stamp=807895362

Finished backup at 20-FEB-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-FEB-13

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/autobackup/2013_02_20/o1_mf_s_807895365_8l8ygb77_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-FEB-13

RMAN>

我們在另一臺資料庫建立catalog，其中包括使用者建立、專用表空間建立和許可權賦值。

SQL> create tablespace rman_bk datafile size 500M autoextend on extent management local uniform. size 1m segment space management auto;

Tablespace created

SQL> CREATE USER rman IDENTIFIED BY rman

2 DEFAULT TABLESPACE RMAN_bk

3 TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;

User created

SQL> GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER TO rman;

Grant succeeded

之後，登入RMAN建立出catalog目錄。

RMAN> create catalog;

恢復目錄已建立

登入target資料庫，注意使用catalog連線，之後進行註冊。

[oracle@bspdev ~]$ rman target / catalog rman/rman@ora11gw

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 20 16:16:30 2013

connected to target database: ORA10GL (DBID=4006742303)

connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> register database;

database registered in recovery catalog

starting full resync of recovery catalog

full resync complete

下面，我們開始嘗試刪除控制檔案實驗，並且恢復。首先需要進行一次完全的關閉過程。

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

刪除原有的控制檔案。

[oracle@bspdev controlfile]$ ls -l

total 14136

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7389184 Feb 20 16:18 control01.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Feb 20 14:47 o1_mf_8brvwzwc_.ctl.bk

[oracle@bspdev controlfile]$ mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.bk

[oracle@bspdev controlfile]$ ls -l

total 14136

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7389184 Feb 20 16:18 control01.ctl.bk

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Feb 20 14:47 o1_mf_8brvwzwc_.ctl.bk

啟動資料庫，進行恢復。

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes

Fixed Size 1218992 bytes

Variable Size 109053520 bytes

Database Buffers 171966464 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

SQL>

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA10GL" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

2 MAXLOGFILES 16

3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

4 MAXDATAFILES 100

5 MAXINSTANCES 8

6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292

7 LOGFILE

8 GROUP 1 (

9 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10GL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_8brvx1mo_.log',

10 '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_8brvx3s1_.log'

11 ) SIZE 50M,

12 GROUP 2 (

13 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10GL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_8brvx94v_.log',

14 '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_8brvxc8g_.log'

15 ) SIZE 50M,

16 GROUP 3 (

17 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10GL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_8brvxfk5_.log',

18 '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_8brvxhkc_.log'

19 ) SIZE 50M

20 -- STANDBY LOGFILE

21 DATAFILE

22 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10GL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8brvr0gf_.dbf',

23 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10GL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8brvr10h_.dbf',

24 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10GL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8brvr0j3_.dbf',

25 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10GL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8brvr12n_.dbf'

26 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

27 ;

Control file created.

SQL>

後續恢復動作。

SQL> VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;

SQL> EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','ON');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> recover database;

ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors

ORA-00264: no recovery required

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10GL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_8brvy20c_.tmp'

2 SIZE 20971520 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;

Tablespace altered.

此時，僅檢視控制檔案中的備份資訊如下。

RMAN> list backup;

RMAN>

原有的備份內容消失不見。

當我們連入catalog的時候，還是可以看到catalog中儲存的資訊。

[oracle@bspdev ~]$ rman target / catalog rman/rman@ora11gw

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 20 16:26:22 2013

connected to target database: ORA10GL (DBID=4006742303)

connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> list backup

2> ;

starting full resync of recovery catalog

full resync complete

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

27 Full 7.11M DISK 00:00:07 20-FEB-13

BP Key: 33 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130220T150218

Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/autobackup/2013_02_20/o1_mf_s_807894138_8l8x7y1j_.bkp

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 545929 Ckp time: 20-FEB-13

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-FEB-13

（篇幅原因，省略部分內容……）

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

31 Full 7.11M DISK 00:00:09 20-FEB-13

BP Key: 37 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130220T152245

Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/autobackup/2013_02_20/o1_mf_s_807895365_8l8ygb77_.bkp

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 546755 Ckp time: 20-FEB-13

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-FEB-13

注意，此時即使嘗試手工同步。我們也沒能將catalog資訊同步到控制檔案上。

RMAN> resync catalog;

starting full resync of recovery catalog

full resync complete

[oracle@bspdev ~]$ rman nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 20 16:39:58 2013

RMAN> connect target /

connected to target database: ORA10GL (DBID=4006742303)

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

RMAN> list backup;

說明，使用Catalog可以實現控制檔案備份資訊的保留。

5、RMAN命令進行強制註冊

另外一種方法是在恢復結束之後，手工將備份集合檔案註冊上。這種方法選擇性較強，也比較簡單。

首先，我們確定控制檔案中應有的備份集合不再其中。

[oracle@bspdev ~]$ rman nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Feb 21 15:53:14 2013

RMAN> connect target /

connected to target database: ORA10GL (DBID=4006742303)

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

1 Full 7.11M DISK 00:00:05 20-FEB-13

BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130220T170340

Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/autobackup/2013_02_20/o1_mf_s_807901420_8l94cgs9_.bkp

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 551107 Ckp time: 20-FEB-13

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-FEB-13

RMAN>

備份集合全部儲存在recovery area中。

SQL> show parameter recovery

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 5000M

recovery_parallelism integer 0

確定目錄下有檔案。

[oracle@bspdev ORA10GL]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL

[oracle@bspdev ORA10GL]$ ls -l

total 20

drwxr-x--- 5 oracle oinstall 4096 Feb 21 15:45 archivelog

drwxr-x--- 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Feb 20 15:02 autobackup

drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Feb 20 15:22 backupset

drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Feb 20 14:49 controlfile

drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 21 14:07 onlinelog

登入RMAN，使用catalog命令將備份檔案註冊上。當備份都在同一目錄結構時，可以使用start with “”命令，讓RMAN自己定位。

RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL';

searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL

List of Files Unknown to the Database

=====================================

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/archivelog/2012_11_26/o1_mf_1_5_8c5gxrwf_.arc

File Name:

（篇幅原因，有省略……）

_8l8ygb77_.bkp

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/controlfile/o1_mf_8brvx088_.ctl.bk

--確定是否真正的載入註冊。

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

cataloging files...

cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files

=======================

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/archivelog/2012_11_26/o1_mf_1_5_8c5gxrwf_.arc

（篇幅原因，有省略……）

List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged

=======================================

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/controlfile/o1_mf_8brvx088_.ctl.bk

RMAN-07519: Reason: Error while cataloging. See alert.log.

RMAN>

最後有一個之前使用的控制檔案沒有被識別，是正常現象。下面我們判斷結果。

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

1 Full 7.11M DISK 00:00:05 20-FEB-13

BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130220T170340

Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/autobackup/2013_02_20/o1_mf_s_807901420_8l94cgs9_.bkp

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 551107 Ckp time: 20-FEB-13

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-FEB-13

（篇幅原因，有省略……）

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

7 Full 7.11M DISK 00:00:00 20-FEB-13

BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130220T152245

Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10GL/autobackup/2013_02_20/o1_mf_s_807895365_8l8ygb77_.bkp

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 546755 Ckp time: 20-FEB-13

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-FEB-13

RMAN>

載入成功，注意此處backup set的相當於重新編號。除了使用start with命令進行特定目錄的全載入，還有catalog autobackup等命令直接有目的的載入特定的備份檔案集。

6、總結

Control File是整個資料庫的心臟，關係重大。本篇演示瞭如何進行控制檔案的重建，以及之後的相關處理。權當記錄，供有需要的朋友不時之需。

控制檔案損壞重建實驗（下）

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