使用OPatch給Oracle打補丁

 

任何軟體都會存在這樣或者那樣的缺陷、Bug，Oracle也不例外。對於生產運維人員來說，定期升級系統、打補丁是日常工作中不可缺少的部分。

 

相對於過去的版本，Oracle打補丁的方式已經變得比較簡單，處理PSU的方法也發生了一些變化。在11g中，對於一些小bug的修復，我們可以使用OPatch工具進行補丁修復。對於大的版本升級，Oracle的PSU實際上就是一系列全新的安裝檔案，從MOS上下載之後就可以直接進行安裝。

 

本篇主要介紹一下如何在11g下面使用OPatch進行打補丁。

 

1、  環境介紹

 

我們選擇11gR2作為實驗環境。

 

 

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE        11.2.0.1.0         Production

 

 

在安裝目錄$ORACLE_HOME下，是自帶一個OPatch工具包的。一般小版本的升級，都是透過OPatch來完成。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@bsplinux oracle]$ ls -l | grep OPatch

drwxr-xr-x  8 oracle oinstall    4096 Oct 23 20:00 OPatch

 

 

不過，同Oracle自帶的Uninstall一樣，11.2.0.1自帶的OPatch的版本是不能提供升級功能的。所以，我們通常需要首先升級OPatch，之後才能進行打補丁。

 

2、OPatch升級

 

首先，我們需要確定當前的OPatch版本。進入OPatch目錄之後，可以透過版本首先確認。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux OPatch]$ ls -l

total 92

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  4096 May 22 16:16 docs

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 21576 May  6  2009 emdpatch.pl

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  4096 May 22 16:16 jlib

drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall  4096 May 22 16:16 ocm

-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall  8709 May  6  2009 opatch

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    49 May 22 16:22 opatch.ini

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  2576 May  6  2009 opatch.pl

drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall  4096 May 22 16:16 opatchprereqs

 

[oracle@bsplinux OPatch]$ ./opatch version

Invoking OPatch 11.1.0.6.6

OPatch Version: 11.1.0.6.6

 

OPatch succeeded.

 

 

11.2.0.1自帶的OPatch版本為11.1.0.6.6，我們需要首先升級OPatch。第一步是進行原有OPatch備份。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux oracle]$ tar zcvf opatch_bk.tar OPatch

OPatch/

OPatch/opatchprereqs/

OPatch/opatchprereqs/prerequisite.properties

（篇幅原因，省略部分內容）

OPatch/jlib/opatchprereq.jar

OPatch/opatch

OPatch/opatch.ini

 

[oracle@bsplinux oracle]$ ls -l | grep opatch

-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 1187195 Oct 23 19:06 opatch_bk.tar

 

 

最新版本的OPatch可以從MOS上面下載到，補丁檔名稱為：p6880880_112000_LINUX.zip（For Linux 32）。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux upload]$ ls -l | grep p688

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  32510812 Oct 23 19:58 p6880880_112000_LINUX.zip

 

--解壓到ORACLE_HOME目錄上

[oracle@bsplinux upload]$ unzip p6880880_112000_LINUX.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

Archive:  p6880880_112000_LINUX.zip

   creating: /u01/app/oracle/OPatch/oplan/

 （篇幅原因，省略部分……）

  inflating: /u01/app/oracle/OPatch/crs/s_crsconfig_defs 

  inflating: /u01/app/oracle/OPatch/crs/s_crsconfig_lib.pm   

 

 

之後，驗證OPatch安裝成功。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux OPatch]$ ./opatch version

OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.0

OPatch succeeded.

[oracle@bsplinux OPatch]$

 

 

3、補丁安裝

 

如果OPatch不是最新的版本，直接安裝PSU可能會有各種的問題。更新OPatch之後，我們就可以下載對應的PSU進行更新。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux upload]$ ls -l | grep p12

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  18510829 Oct 23 19:35 p12419378_112010_LINUX.zip

 

[oracle@bsplinux upload]$ unzip p12419378_112010_LINUX.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

（省略）

 

[oracle@bsplinux oracle]$ cd 12419378/

[oracle@bsplinux 12419378]$ ls -l

total 60

drwxr-xr-x  3 oracle oinstall  4096 Jul  8  2011 custom

drwxr-xr-x  4 oracle oinstall  4096 Jul  8  2011 etc

drwxr-xr-x 12 oracle oinstall  4096 Jul  8  2011 files

-rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall  2871 Jul  8  2011 patchmd.xml

-rw-rw-r--  1 oracle oinstall 40790 Jul 18  2011 README.html

-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall    21 Jul  8  2011 README.txt

 

 

將資料庫和監聽程式關閉。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux OPatch]$ sqlplus /nolog

 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Oct 23 19:26:11 2012

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> quit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

 

[oracle@bsplinux OPatch]$ lsnrctl stop

 

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-OCT-2012 19:26:55

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))

The command completed successfully

 

 

進入安裝目錄，使用OPatch進行更新。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux oracle]$ ls -l | grep 1241

drwxr-xr-x  5 oracle oinstall    4096 Jul  8  2011 12419378

[oracle@bsplinux oracle]$ cd 12419378/

[oracle@bsplinux 12419378]$

 

[oracle@bsplinux 12419378]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.0

Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

 

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle

Central Inventory : /u01/oraInventory

   from           : /u01/app/oracle/oraInst.loc

OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.0

OUI version       : 11.2.0.1.0

Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/opatch/12419378_Oct_23_2012_20_02_23/apply2012-10-23_20-02-22PM_1.log

Applying interim patch '12419378' to OH '/u01/app/oracle'

Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...

Patch 12419378: Optional component(s) missing : [ oracle.client, 11.2.0.1.0 ]

 

All checks passed.

Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and

initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My

Oracle Support Email address/User Name.

Visit for details.

Email address/User Name: realkid4@126.com

Provide your My Oracle Support password to receive security updates via your My Oracle Support account.

Password (optional):          

Unable to establish connection to Oracle Configuration Manager server.

Hostname () is unknown.

 

Unable to establish a network connection to Oracle. Specify the URL for an

Oracle Support Hub in this format:

    http[s]://:

If you do not wish to configure OCM through an Oracle Support Hub, enter NONE

Oracle Support Hub URL:

Invalid Oracle Support Hub address specified ().

 

Unable to establish a network connection to Oracle. Specify the URL for an

Oracle Support Hub in this format:

    http[s]://:

If you do not wish to configure OCM through an Oracle Support Hub, enter NONE

Oracle Support Hub URL:

Invalid Oracle Support Hub address specified ().

 

Unable to establish a network connection to Oracle. Specify the URL for an

Oracle Support Hub in this format:

    http[s]://:

If you do not wish to configure OCM through an Oracle Support Hub, enter NONE

Oracle Support Hub URL:

Invalid Oracle Support Hub address specified ().

 

Unable to establish a network connection to Oracle. Specify the URL for an

Oracle Support Hub in this format:

    http[s]://:

If you do not wish to configure OCM through an Oracle Support Hub, enter NONE

Oracle Support Hub URL: NONE

 

Unable to establish a network connection to Oracle. If your systems require a

proxy server for outbound Internet connections, enter the proxy server details

in this format:

    [@][:]

If you want to remain uninformed of critical security issues in your

configuration, enter NONE

Proxy specification: NONE

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.

(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle')

Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]y

User Responded with: Y

Backing up files...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf, 11.2.0.1.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.dbscripts, 11.2.0.1.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.2.0.1.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.dv, 11.2.0.1.0...

Patching component oracle.xdk.rsf, 11.2.0.1.0...

Patching component oracle.ldap.rsf.ic, 11.2.0.1.0...

Patching component oracle.ldap.rsf, 11.2.0.1.0...

Patching component oracle.sysman.plugin.db.main.repository, 11.2.0.1.0...

 

Verifying the update...

Patch 12419378 successfully applied

Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/opatch/12419378_Oct_23_2012_20_02_23/apply2012-10-23_20-02-22PM_1.log

OPatch succeeded.

 

 

啟動資料庫，確定更新成功。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Oct 23 20:28:00 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  422670336 bytes

Fixed Size                  1336960 bytes

Variable Size             327158144 bytes

Database Buffers           88080384 bytes

Redo Buffers                6094848 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

 

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catbundle.sql psu apply

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

 

4、確定補丁成功

 

最後我們需要確定補丁安裝成功。對小補丁的升級來說，我們是不能夠v$version檢視中看到的。

 

 

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE    11.2.0.1.0      Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 – Production

 

 

透過OPatch的資訊庫記錄，可以看到補丁資訊。

 

 

[oracle@bsplinux ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.0

Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

 

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle

Central Inventory : /u01/oraInventory

   from           : /u01/app/oracle/oraInst.loc

OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.0

OUI version       : 11.2.0.1.0

Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2012-10-23_20-34-59PM_1.log

 

Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2012-10-23_20-34-59PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 11g                                                  11.2.0.1.0

There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.

 

 

Interim patches (1) :

Patch  12419378     : applied on Tue Oct 23 20:24:06 CST 2012

Unique Patch ID:  13710328

   Created on 8 Jul 2011, 02:48:54 hrs PST8PDT

   Bugs fixed: （修復Bug的編號）

     9068088, 9363384, 8865718, 8898852, 8801119, 9054253, 8725286, 8974548

     9093300, 8909984, 8755082, 8780372, 9952216, 8664189, 8769569, 7519406

     9302343, 9471411, 8822531, 7705591, 8650719, 10205230, 9637033, 8883722

     8639114, 8723477, 8729793, 8919682, 8856478, 9001453, 8733749, 8565708

     8735201, 8684517, 8870559, 8773383, 8981059, 8812705, 9488887, 12534742

     8813366, 12534743, 9242411, 12534745, 12534746, 12534747, 8822832

     12534748, 8897784, 8760714, 12534749, 8775569, 8671349, 8898589, 9714832

     8642202, 9011088, 9369797, 9170608, 9165206, 8834636, 8891037, 8431487

     8570322, 8685253, 8872096, 8718952, 8799099, 12534750, 9032717, 9399090

     12534751, 12534752, 9713537, 9546223, 12534753, 12534754, 8588519

     8783738, 12534755, 12534756, 8834425, 9454385, 8856497, 8890026, 8721315

     10248516, 8818175, 8674263, 10249532, 9145541, 8720447, 9272086, 9467635

     9010222, 9102860, 9197917, 8991997, 8661168, 8803762, 12419378, 8769239

     9654983, 8706590, 8546356, 10408903, 8778277, 9058865, 8815639, 11724991

     9971778, 9971779, 9027691, 9454036, 9454037, 9454038, 8761974, 9255542

     9275072, 8496830, 8702892, 8818983, 8475069, 8875671, 9328668, 8891929

     8798317, 9971780, 8782959, 8774868, 8820324, 8544696, 8702535, 9952260

     9406607, 8268775, 9036013, 9363145, 8933870, 8405205, 9467727, 8822365

     9676419, 11724930, 8761260, 8790767, 8795418, 8913269, 8717461, 8861700

     9531984, 8607693, 8780281, 8330783, 8784929, 8780711, 9341448, 9015983

     10323077, 8828328, 9119194, 10323079, 8832205, 8717031, 8665189, 9482399

     9676420, 9399991, 8821286, 8633358, 9321701, 9655013, 9231605, 8796511

     9167285, 8782971, 8756598, 8703064, 9390484, 9066116, 9007102, 9461782

     10323080, 10323081, 10323082, 8753903, 8505803, 9382101, 9352237, 9216806

     8918433, 11794163, 9057443, 8790561, 11794164, 8733225, 8795792, 11794165

     11794167, 9067282, 8928276, 8837736, 9210925

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

OPatch succeeded.

[oracle@bsplinux ~]$

 

 

在dba_registry_history中，我們也可以看到記錄。

 

 

SQL> select version, id, bundle_series, comments from dba_registry_history;

 

VERSION            ID BUNDLE_SER COMMENTS

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------

11.2.0.1            6 PSU        PSU 11.2.0.1.6

 

 

5、結論

 

打補丁、升級資料庫是DBA的基本功之一。本文主要介紹了OPatch進行的最簡單的補丁升級，權當記錄之用。