動態註冊dynamic registry和靜態註冊是Oracle例項和監聽器之間建立聯絡的重要方式。從現在趨勢看，預設監聽器+動態註冊已經成為預設Oracle標準配置。在一些場景下，處於安全的原因可能需要修改標準監聽配置和註冊方式。本篇主要介紹如何實現非1521埠進行動態註冊方法。   1、預設監聽與1521埠   Oracle Net Service核心三個配置檔案：listener.ora、tnsnames.ora和sqlnet.ora。其中，listener.ora檔案為監聽器相關資訊的配置檔案。關於監聽器個性化引數內容，均在該檔案中設定。   在預設安裝情況下，我們一般在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目錄中是可以沒有listener.ora檔案的。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ ls -l -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  332 Aug  7 01:44 tnsnames.ora     此時，Oracle會在1521預設埠，支援一個預設配置檔案的監聽器程式。並且，該程式支援動態註冊功能。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl start   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:08:10   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:08:10 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF --此處沒有說明監聽器配置檔案路徑。 Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully     對註冊行為另一端的Oracle例項而言，預設情況下Oracle例項會進行動態註冊動作，會向1521埠監聽的監聽程式進行註冊動作。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl status   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:14:54 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:08:10 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 43 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "aaadb" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "aaadbXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully     2、非預設埠監聽器   在一些安全需求場景下，我們會被要求修改監聽埠到非1521埠，從而避免被掃描入侵。其實，這對於攻擊掃描程式來講，意義不大，因為一般駭客攻擊都會掃描所有埠。   如果我們需要修改埠號，就必須建立專門的listener.ora檔案內容來進行配置。下面內容可以配置一個非標準監聽器程式。       [oracle@aaalife admin]$ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.   MY_LISTENER =   (DESCRIPTION_LIST =     (DESCRIPTION =       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1531))       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1531))     )   )   ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle     配置檔案中，包括一個1531埠的監聽程式。下面檢視監聽器情況。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl start   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:27:53   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:27:53 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully     預設顯示的還有1521埠監聽程式。同時，發現其實當前伺服器上是由兩個監聽器執行的。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl status listener   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:30:13   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:27:53 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 19 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "aaadb" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "aaadbXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@aaalife admin]$   [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl status my_listener   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:30:29   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:17:52 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 37 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1531))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully     上面資訊顯示出幾個細節：   ü  我們在listener.ora檔案中配置了一個自定義監聽器my_listener，監聽1531埠。但是系統當前預設監聽器依然存在，並且可執行，在1521埠。my_listener監聽器執行在1531埠； ü  Oracle例項動態註冊動作是在1521埠的監聽程式上進行的，1531埠並沒有被註冊；   預設監聽器的問題好解決，只要我們只保留一個監聽即可。那麼，如何讓Oracle例項在1531埠進行註冊，不在1521埠進行註冊呢？   解決的方法就是使用local_listener配置引數。預設情況下，該引數為空。     SQL> show parameter listener;   NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ listener_networks                    string local_listener                       string remote_listener                      string     該引數用於明確指定Oracle例項向哪一個監聽器上進行註冊動作。通常對於非標準埠註冊，都需要將註冊監聽資訊修改引數。     SQL> show parameter local   NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ local_listener     string      (ADDRESS_LIST=(Address=(Protoc                                                 ol=tcp)(HOST=AAALIFE)(Port=1531))) log_archive_local_first              boolean     TRUE parallel_force_local                 boolean     FALSE     注意：該引數local_listener修改範圍支援both方式，立即生效不需要重新啟動例項。   此時，監聽器狀態如下：     [oracle@aaalife dbs]$ lsnrctl status   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 02:32:25   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:27:53 Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 4 min. 32 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully   [oracle@aaalife dbs]$ lsnrctl status my_listener   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 02:32:33   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:17:52 Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 14 min. 41 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1531))) Services Summary... Service "aaadb" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "aaadbXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully     例項向1531埠進行動態註冊了，原有1521預設監聽器沒有註冊資訊。   那麼，還有一個問題，就是local_listener設定值。該值採用括號表示式進行書寫，是Oracle Net Service內部使用的一種方式。從管理角度看，這種策略不是很好的方法。我們直接將埠編號書寫在資料庫引數中，不但容易洩露部署資訊，而且在發生遷移、變更動作的時候，這種方式也會有一些問題。   所以，Oracle官方支援監聽器別名方法進行配置local_listener。   3、設定監聽器別名   一個很有意思的現象是，在local_listener的配置問題上，MOS和網路同仁們的差異是很大的。MOS官方意見是將監聽器別名設定上，而網路同仁們無一例外的選擇“括號表示式”。   筆者實驗的情況是，直接設定監聽器別名，Oracle是不認可的。     SQL> alter system set local_listener='my_listener' scope=both; alter system set local_listener='my_listener' scope=both * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name 'my_listener'     Oracle不能解析my_listener名稱，因為其既不是括號表示式，也不是設定的別名。這裡面就比較奇怪，我們分明已經在listener.ora檔案中定義了名稱。   對00132錯誤，Oracle官方的解釋如下：     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ oerr ora 00132 00132, 00000, "syntax error or unresolved network name '%s'" // *Cause:  Listener address has syntax error or cannot be resolved. // *Action: If a network name is specified, check that it corresponds //          to an entry in TNSNAMES.ORA or other address repository //          as configured for your system. Make sure that the entry //          is syntactically correct.     Oracle認為在伺服器端的tnsnames.ora檔案中，沒有能夠找到my_listener的對應名稱。Tnsnames.ora是我們儲存本地連線對應名稱的地方，這裡是否意味著說此處的別名，是一定在tnsnames.ora檔案中進行定義。本地命名別名定義我們是熟悉的。監聽器程式別名如何定義？   經過查詢Oracle早期文件和治療，從一個角落找到定義格式和方法。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.   MY_LISTENER= (description=  (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=AAALIFE)(port=1531)))     突發奇想，tnsping命令有解析格式的副作用。是否可以成功呢？     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ tnsping my_listener   TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 20:43:58   Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Used parameter files:   Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (description= (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=AAALIFE)(port=1531))) OK (0 msec)     解析成功，起碼格式上沒有大的問題。     SQL> alter system set local_listener='MY_LISTENER' scope=both;   System altered.     SQL> show parameter local;   NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ local_listener                       string      MY_LISTENER log_archive_local_first              boolean     TRUE parallel_force_local                 boolean     FALSE     啟動手工註冊，檢視監聽器狀態。     SQL> alter system register; System altered.   [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl status my_listener   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 20:50:47   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     my_listener Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 19:48:50 Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 1 min. 59 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/my_listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1531))) Services Summary... Service "aaadb" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "aaadbXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully     設定成功，監聽器狀態中my_listener作為別名alias出現在狀態資訊中。   4、結論   動態註冊是我們最常用的註冊模式。多個配置檔案（Oracle Net Service）、Oracle引數、監聽器設定交織相互作用影響，期間又有網路網路卡、域名解析等多因素作用，很容易出現問題故障。多實驗、多測試，可以幫助我們抽絲剝繭，逐步深入的瞭解系統，在日常工作中更加遊刃有餘。

實現Oracle非1521標準埠動態註冊

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