Data Guard作為Oracle MAA（最大可用性框架）的重要組成部分，已經成為很多成熟運維繫統的標準配置。藉助Data Guard提供的物理standby和邏輯standby，我們可以保證系統資料庫執行在一個較高的可用性環境裡。並且，switchover和failover策略，可以最大限度的保證日常運維和故障恢復場景。

從最早的9i到11g，Oracle DG搭建過程經歷了很多階段。大致可以分為三種策略方法：

ü Backup and Restore策略：藉助RMAN備份集合（backupset），遠端傳遞到standby伺服器。再利用RMAN還原策略進行還原操作；

ü RMAN Duplicate策略：同樣是藉助RMAN的機制，提供了duplicate語句可以實現直接的standby搭建，不需要備份集合傳遞過程；

ü RMAN Duplicate from active database：這個是目前最新的搭建方法。在原有duplicate基礎上，可以實現Primary不停機執行情況下搭建standby；

在實際中，三種策略各有利弊和使用的場景。Backup and Restore策略和Duplicate方法需要單獨停機過程。而from active database方法對頻寬要求較高。根據實際的部署環境，設計不同的安裝策略，進行多次的測試過程才是確保平穩的關鍵方法。

在之前的文章中，已經介紹過使用duplicate from active database方法搭建Data Guard的步驟。本篇介紹Backup and Restore方法，權當記錄，留待需要朋友參考。

1、環境介紹

筆者選擇Red Hat6.5版本進行實驗，由於是虛擬機器環境，策劃在相同物理伺服器上搭建Primary和Standby。

[root@SimpleLinux ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-431.el6.i686

記憶體和儲存空間充足（相對而言）。

[root@SimpleLinux ~]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 1893 129 1763 0 14 54

-/+ buffers/cache: 60 1832

Swap: 1999 0 1999

[root@SimpleLinux ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 48G 16G 31G 34% /

tmpfs 947M 0 947M 0% /dev/shm

Primary端已經安裝完成，例項名為ora11g，當前處於非歸檔模式下。

[oracle@SimpleLinux ~]$ env | grep ORA

ORACLE_SID=ora11g

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode No Archive Mode

Automatic archival Disabled

Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence 4

Current log sequence 6

資料庫版本為11.2.0.4，對應控制檔案、資料檔案、日誌檔案保持預設狀態。

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 – Production

三大核心檔案情況如下：

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/controlfile/o1_mf_9mnjwpko_.ctl

/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/controlfile/o1_mf_9mnjwpw2_.ctl

SQL> select group#, member from v$logfile;

GROUP# MEMBER

---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3 /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_9mnjx4n0_.log

3 /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_9mnjx54c_.log

2 /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_9mnjwzpq_.log

2 /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_9mnjx15f_.log

1 /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_9mnjwtj9_.log

1 /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_9mnjwvdm_.log

6 rows selected

SQL> select file_name, file_id from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME FILE_ID

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------

/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_users_9mnjs074_.dbf 4

/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_9mnjs068_.dbf 3

/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9mnjs04h_.dbf 2

/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_system_9mnjrzty_.dbf 1

系統啟用recovery area dest目錄。

SQL> show parameter recovery

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/fast_recovery_area

db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 10000M

recovery_parallelism integer 0

2、Primary端配置

首先調整Primary設定，先開啟歸檔模式，選擇預設的recovery area作為歸檔目錄位置就可以了。

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 372449280 bytes

Fixed Size 1364732 bytes

Variable Size 293604612 bytes

Database Buffers 71303168 bytes

Redo Buffers 6176768 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence 4

Next log sequence to archive 6

Current log sequence 6

開啟強制日誌動作：

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

3、Primary備份和處理

此時保持mount狀態，進行RMAN備份。

[oracle@SimpleLinux ~]$ rman nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat May 24 20:41:50 2014

RMAN> connect target /

connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4239941846, not open)

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

--簡單配置

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP on;

new RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

備份資料庫檔案和日誌。

RMAN> backup database plus archivelog;

Starting backup at 24-MAY-14

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

specification does not match any archived log in the repository

backup cancelled because there are no files to backup

Finished backup at 24-MAY-14

Starting backup at 24-MAY-14

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001

(篇幅原因，有省略……)

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-14

備份standby controlfile。

RMAN> backup current controlfile for standby;

Starting backup at 24-MAY-14

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including standby control file in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-14

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-14

piece handle=/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2014_05_24/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140524T204716_9r156r7j_.bkp tag=TAG20140524T204716 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 24-MAY-14

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-14

piece handle=/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2014_05_24/o1_mf_s_848435155_9r156vbz_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-14

備份集合情況：

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

1 Full 1.05G DISK 00:02:18 24-MAY-14

BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140524T204320

Piece Name: /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2014_05_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140524T204320_9r14z9hn_.bkp

（篇幅原因，有省略……）

Piece Name: /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2014_05_24/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140524T204716_9r156r7j_.bkp

Standby Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 696037 Ckp time: 24-MAY-14

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

4 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 24-MAY-14

BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140524T204721

Piece Name: /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2014_05_24/o1_mf_s_848435155_9r156vbz_.bkp

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 24-MAY-14

SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA11G

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 696037 Ckp time: 24-MAY-14

將備份集合檔案複製到standby端伺服器，可以使用sftp、scp等方法。這個過程傳輸往往是最快的方法。

--standby端

[root@SimpleLinux ~]# cd /

[root@SimpleLinux /]# mkdir /standbybackup

[root@SimpleLinux /]# chown oracle:oinstall /standbybackup/

[oracle@SimpleLinux 2014_05_24]$ pwd

/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2014_05_24

[oracle@SimpleLinux 2014_05_24]$ ls -l

total 1105740

-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9797632 May 24 20:47 o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140524T204716_9r156r7j_.bkp

-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1122476032 May 24 20:45 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140524T204320_9r14z9hn_.bkp

[oracle@SimpleLinux 2014_05_24]$ cp * /standbybackup/

[oracle@SimpleLinux 2014_05_24]$ cd /standbybackup/

[oracle@SimpleLinux standbybackup]$ ls -l

total 1105740

-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9797632 May 24 20:50 o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140524T204716_9r156r7j_.bkp

-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1122476032 May 24 20:52 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140524T204320_9r14z9hn_.bkp

4、Primary端引數修改

修改primary端引數，加入歸檔日誌傳輸、檔案自動管理和命名轉換引數。

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=ora11gsy valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=ora11gsy' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_file_name_convert='ORA11G','ORA11GSY' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert='ORA11G','ORA11GSY' scope=spfile;

System altered.

建立文字引數檔案，加以修改。

--生成文字備份

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 372449280 bytes

Fixed Size 1364732 bytes

Variable Size 293604612 bytes

Database Buffers 71303168 bytes

Redo Buffers 6176768 bytes

Database mounted.

引數檔案預設在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄中。

[oracle@SimpleLinux standbybackup]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/dbs/

[oracle@SimpleLinux dbs]$ ls -l

total 9544

-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 May 24 21:12 hc_ora11g.dat

-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora

-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1190 May 24 21:12 initora11g.ora

-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Apr 1 12:39 lkORA11G

-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Apr 1 12:45 orapwora11g

-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 May 24 20:47 snapcf_ora11g.f

-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 May 24 21:13 spfileora11g.ora

對引數檔案進行修改，並且改名，作為新例項ora11gsy的pfile啟動檔案。

[oracle@SimpleLinux dbs]$ cat initora11g.ora

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/admin/ora11gsy/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oradata'

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_name_convert='ORA11G','ORA11GSY'

*.db_name='ora11g'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/fast_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=10485760000

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ora11gsyXDB)'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=ora11gsy valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=ora11gsy'

*.log_file_name_convert='ORA11G','ORA11GSY'

*.memory_target=373293056

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

db_unique_name='ora11gsy'

instance_name='ora11gsy'

[oracle@SimpleLinux dbs]$ cp initora11g.ora initora11gsy.ora

建立dump目錄。

--必須建立，否則會在啟動例項中報錯。

[root@SimpleLinux ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/admin/ora11gsy/adump

[root@SimpleLinux ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

使用RMAN備份集搭建Oracle Dataguard Step by Step（一）

相關文章