前言:
因為公司大量用到了corosync+packmaker,本人之前只是瞭解,並沒深入比較keepalive及heatbeatcorosync+packmaker的區別,原理方面不探討,可以檢視官網,或者檢視網上資料。
這裡僅僅分享一下自己做的一個小實驗,算是基礎入門。新公司東西比較多,因此最近部落格更新會很慢,但是以後有時間分享的東西,則都是網上少見的,加上自己的經驗之談,熱愛開源,熱愛分享。
實驗目的:
利corosync+packmaker,做到http高可用訪問。當然可以結合drdb,nfs,MySQL等服務,玩出新花樣。
實驗規劃:
node1:httpd
192.168.179.129 業務地址
192.168.107.128 心跳地址
192.168.8.111 訪問地址
node2 httpd
192.168.179.130 業務地址
192.168.107.129 心跳地址
192.168.8.112
node3 NFS-Server
192.168.179.131 業務地址
192.168.107.130 訪問地址
fip(vip):192.168.8.140
準備工作:
node1 node2 node3: yum install lrzsz wget -y yum install ntpdate -y [root@node1 ~]# crontab -l */1 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1 [root@node2 ~]# crontab -l */1 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1 [root@node3 ~]# crontab -l */1 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1
hosts檔案:
node1 node2 node3: 192.168.179.129 node1 192.168.179.130 node2 192.168.179.131 node3
主機互信:
node1 node2 node3: [root@node1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P `` [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node3 [root@node2 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P `` [root@node2 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1 [root@node2 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node3 [root@node3 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P `` [root@node3 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1 [root@node3 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2
部署:
node1 node2: yum install corosync* -y yum install pacemaker* -y yum install cluster-glue* -y
配置:
node1 node2: [root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/corosync/ [root@node1 corosync]# cp corosync.conf.example corosync.conf [root@node1 corosync]# vim corosync.conf [root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/corosync/corosync.conf totem { version: 2 crypto_cipher: none crypto_hash: none interface { member { memberaddr: 192.168.107.128 } member { memberaddr: 192.168.107.129 } ringnumber: 0 bindnetaddr: 192.168.107.0 mcastport: 5405 } transport: udpu } service { name: pacemaker } logging { fileline: off to_stderr: no to_logfile: yes logfile: /var/log/cluster/corosync.log to_syslog: yes debug: off timestamp: on logger_subsys { subsys: QUORUM debug: off } } amf { mode: disabled } aisexec { user: root greoup: root } quorum { provider: corosync_votequorum expected_votes: 2 two_nodes: 1 } [root@node1 ~]# [root@node1 ~]# scp /etc/corosync/corosync.conf root@node2:/etc/corosync/
為叢集生成corosync keys並拷貝到其他節點:
node1:
[root@node1 ~]# mv /dev/{random,random.bak} [root@node1 ~]# ln -s /dev/urandom /dev/random [root@node1 ~]# corosync-keygen [root@node1 ~]# ll /etc/corosync/authkey [root@node1 ~]# chmod 0400 /etc/corosync/authkey [root@node1 ~]# scp /etc/corosync/authkey root@node2:/etc/corosync/
啟動服務:
node1 node2: [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/corosync start Starting Corosync Cluster Engine (corosync): [確定] [root@node1 ~]# [root@node1 ~]# ssh node2 "/etc/init.d/corosync start" Starting Corosync Cluster Engine (corosync): [確定] [root@node1 ~]#
#crm編譯安裝:
[root@node1 ~]# tar xf crmsh-2.1.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@node1 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/crmsh-2.1.2/ /usr/local/crmsh [root@node1 crmsh]# cd /usr/local/crmsh [root@node1 crmsh]# yum install autoconf automake -y [root@node1 crmsh]# yum install autoconf automake -y [root@node1 crmsh]# ./autogen.sh autoconf:autoconf (GNU Autoconf) 2.63 automake:automake (GNU automake) 1.11.1 aclocal automake --add-missing --include-deps --copy configure.ac:34: installing `./install-sh` configure.ac:34: installing `./missing` doc/Makefile.am:38: `%`-style pattern rules are a GNU make extension doc/Makefile.am:40: `%`-style pattern rules are a GNU make extension modules/Makefile.am:22: installing `./py-compile` Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL` autoconf Now run ./configure [root@node1 crmsh]# [root@node1 crmsh]# yum install gcc -y [root@node1 crmsh]# ./configure [root@node1 crmsh]# make [root@node1 crmsh]# make install
#yum 安裝
[root@node1 ~]# yum install crmsh -y [root@node1 ~]# yum install pssh -y [root@node2~]# yum install crmsh -y [root@node2~]# yum install pssh -y
#crm詳解:
crm有兩種工作方式
1,批處理模式,就是在shell命令列中直接輸入命令
2,互動式模式(crm(live)#)進入到crmsh中互動執行
[root@node1 ~]# crm crm(live)# # help #輸入help檢視一下,會出下很多子命令 --help bye configure help options resource up -h cd corosync history quit script ? cib end ls ra site back cluster exit node report status crm(live)#
一級子命令
[root@node1 corosync]# crm crm(live)# help This is crm shell, a Pacemaker command line interface. Available commands: cib manage shadow CIBs //cib沙盒 resource resources management //所有的資源都在這個子命令後定義 configure CRM cluster configuration //編輯叢集配置資訊 node nodes management //叢集節點管理子命令 options user preferences //使用者優先順序 history CRM cluster history //命令歷史記錄 site Geo-cluster support ra resource agents information center //資源代理子命令(所有與資源代理相關的程都在此命令之下) status show cluster status //顯示當前叢集的狀態資訊 help,? show help (help topics for list of topics)//檢視當前區域可能的命令 end,cd,up go back one level //返回第一級crm(live) quit,bye,exit exit the program //退出crm(live)互動模式
resource資源狀態控制子命令
crm(live)resource# help vailable commands: status show status of resources //顯示資源狀態資訊 start start a resource //啟動一個資源 stop stop a resource //停止一個資源 restart restart a resource //重啟一個資源 promote promote a master-slave resource //提升一個主從資源 demote demote a master-slave resource //降級一個主從資源 manage put a resource into managed mode //將一個資源加入到管理模式下 unmanage put a resource into unmanaged mode //從管理模式下去除一個資源 migrate migrate a resource to another node //將資源遷移到另一個節點上 unmigrate unmigrate a resource to another node param manage a parameter of a resource //管理資源的引數 secret manage sensitive parameters //管理敏感引數 meta manage a meta attribute //管理源屬性 utilization manage a utilization attribute failcount manage failcounts //管理失效計數器 cleanup cleanup resource status //清理資源狀態 refresh refresh CIB from the LRM status //從LRM(LRM本地資源管理)更新CIB(叢集資訊庫),在 reprobe probe for resources not started by the CRM //探測在CRM中沒有啟動的資源 trace start RA tracing //啟用資源代理(RA)追蹤 untrace stop RA tracing //禁用資源代理(RA)追蹤 help show help (help topics for list of topics) //顯示幫助 end go back one level //返回一級(crm(live)#) quit exit the program //退出互動式程式
configure資源定義子命令
crm(live)configure# help #兩次table顯示子命令,輸入help加你想了解的任意命令,就會顯示該命令的使用幫助與案例 Available commands: node define a cluster node //定義一個叢集節點 primitive define a resource //定義資源 monitor add monitor operation to a primitive //對一個資源新增監控選項(如超時時間,啟動失敗後的操作) group define a group //定義一個組型別(將多個資源整合在一起) clone define a clone //定義一個克隆型別(可以設定總的克隆數,每一個節點上可以執行幾個克隆) ms define a master-slave resource //定義一個主從型別(叢集內的節點只能有一個執行主資源,其它從的做備用) rsc_template define a resource template //定義一個資源模板 location a location preference //定義位置約束優先順序(預設執行於那一個節點(如果位置約束的值相同,預設傾向性那一個高,就在那一個節點上執行)) colocation colocate resources //排列約束資源(多個資源在一起的可能性) order order resources //資源的啟動的先後順序 rsc_ticket resources ticket dependency property set a cluster property //設定叢集屬性 rsc_defaults set resource defaults //設定資源預設屬性(粘性) fencing_topology node fencing order //隔離節點順序 role define role access rights //定義角色的訪問許可權 user define user access rights //定義用使用者訪問許可權 op_defaults set resource operations defaults //設定資源預設選項 schema set or display current CIB RNG schema show display CIB objects //顯示叢集資訊庫對 edit edit CIB objects //編輯叢集資訊庫物件(vim模式下編輯) filter filter CIB objects //過濾CIB物件 delete delete CIB objects //刪除CIB物件 default-timeouts set timeouts for operations to minimums from the meta-data rename rename a CIB object //重新命名CIB物件 modgroup modify group //改變資源組 refresh refresh from CIB //重新讀取CIB資訊 erase erase the CIB //清除CIB資訊 ptest show cluster actions if changes were committed rsctest test resources as currently configured cib CIB shadow management cibstatus CIB status management and editing //cib狀態管理和編輯 template edit and import a configuration from a template //編輯或匯入配置模板 commit commit the changes to the CIB //將更改後的資訊提交寫入CIB verify verify the CIB with crm_verify //CIB語法驗證 upgrade upgrade the CIB to version 1.0 //升級CIB到1.0 save save the CIB to a file //將當前CIB匯出到一個檔案中(匯出的檔案存於切換crm 之前的目錄) load import the CIB from a file //從檔案內容載入CIB graph generate a directed graph xml raw xml help show help (help topics for list of topics) //顯示幫助資訊 end go back one level //回到第一級(crm(live)#) quit exit the program //退出crm互動模式
對配置進行操作
verify、show、edit、delete、save、load、commite都是對已有的配置進行的操作。
(1)verify
用於驗證剛剛完成的配置是否有效。如果出現錯誤,verify會給出一些有用的提示;
(2)show
格式為:
show [xml] [<id> …]
show [xml] changed
列印出當前已有的配置。不加引數,會以與命令列相同格式的文字輸出配置。加上xml引數,會以xml的格式輸出配置。如果指定了資源或者屬性的id,show可以輸出指定部分的配置;
另外,show [xml] changed可以顯示配置檔案發生了那些變化。
(3)edit、delete
edit的格式為:
edit [xml] [<id> …]
edit [xml] changed
edit可以修改已有的配置,不帶引數,則是修改命令列相同格式的文字。加上xml引數,則需要修改xml格式的文字。如果指定了資源或者屬性的id,就可以修改指定部分的配置。
edit [xml] changed可以對發生的變動進行編輯。
delete的格式為:
delete <id> [<id> …]
delete用於刪除指定id的資源或者屬性,可以同時刪除多個,id之間使用空格分隔;
(4)save、load
save的格式為:
save [xml] <file>
save可以儲存當前已有的配置。
不加xml引數,save會以於命令列相同的格式將配置儲存為純文字檔案;加上xml引數,則save會將配置儲存為xml格式的檔案。
load命令的格式為:
load [xml] method URL
method :: replace | update
load可以載入之前儲存過的配置檔案。提供了2種載入方法;
replace,會清空原來的配置,使用載入的配置檔案;
update,會保留原來的配置,嘗試將載入的配置加入當前的配置中。
同樣的,不加xml引數,load會認為載入的檔案使用的是命令列格式;加上xml引數,則load會以xml的方式解析載入的檔案。
另外,load可以直接載入通過url地址載入遠端的配置檔案,如http://storage.big.com/cibs/bigcib.xml。
(5)commit
對於叢集配置的修改並不是立即生效的,需要執行commite之後才能真正產生作用。某些情況下,commite時可能會提示拒絕提交剛剛修改的配置,那麼肯定是配置的變化存在一些問題。如果能夠確定自己的配置沒有問題,可以使用commite force強制提交配置。
node節點管理子命令
crm(live)# node crm(live)node# help Node management and status commands. Available commands: status show nodes status as XML //以xml格式顯示節點狀態資訊 show show node //命令列格式顯示節點狀態資訊 standby put node into standby //模擬指定節點離線(standby在後面必須的FQDN) online set node online // 節點重新上線 maintenance put node into maintenance mode //將一個節點狀態改為maintenance ready put node into ready mode //將一個節點狀態改為ready fence fence node //隔離節點 clearstate Clear node state //清理節點狀態資訊 delete delete node //刪除 一個節點 attribute manage attributes utilization manage utilization attributes status-attr manage status attributes help show help (help topics for list of topics) end go back one level //回到上一次 quit exit the program //退出
ra資源代理子命令
crm(live)# ra crm(live)ra# help Available commands: classes list classes and providers //為資源代理分類 list list RA for a class (and provider)//顯示一個類別中的提供的資源 meta show meta data for a RA //顯示一個資源代理序的可用引數(如meta ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2) providers show providers for a RA and a class help show help (help topics for list of topics) end go back one level quit exit the program
檢視當前叢集系統所支援的型別
[root@node1 ~]# crm crm(live)# ra crm(live)ra# classes lsb ocf / .isolation heartbeat pacemaker service stonith crm(live)ra#
檢視某種類別下的所用資源代理的列表
crm(live)ra# list lsb auditd blk-availability bmc-snmp-proxy cman corosync corosync-notifyd crond exchange-bmc-os-info haldaemon halt htcacheclean httpd ip6tables ipmievd iptables iscsi iscsid killall libvirt-guests lvm2-lvmetad lvm2-monitor mdmonitor messagebus modclusterd multipathd netconsole netfs network nfs nfs-rdma nfslock ntpdate oddjobd pacemaker pacemaker_remote postfix quota_nld rdisc rdma restorecond ricci rpcbind rpcgssd rpcidmapd rpcsvcgssd rsyslog sandbox saslauthd single sshd udev-post winbind crm(live)ra#
檢視某個資源代理的配置方法
crm(live)ra# info ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr crm(live)ra# list ocf heartbeat CTDB Delay Dummy Filesystem IPaddr IPaddr2 IPsrcaddr LVM MailTo Route SendArp Squid VirtualDomain Xinetd apache conntrackd db2 dhcpd ethmonitor exportfs iSCSILogicalUnit mysql named nfsnotify nfsserver nginx oracle oralsnr pgsql portblock postfix rsyncd symlink tomcat crm(live)ra#
如果想要檢視某種類別下的所用資源代理的列表,可以使用類似如下命令實現:
# crm ra list lsb
# crm ra list ocf heartbeat
# crm ra list ocf pacemaker
# crm ra list stonith
eg:示例
crm(live)configure# show node node1 node node2 property cib-bootstrap-options: have-watchdog=false dc-version=1.1.15-5.el6-e174ec8 cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)" expected-quorum-votes=2 crm(live)configure
全域性配置:
crm(live)configure# property stonith-enabled=”false”
crm(live)configure# property no-quorum-policy=”ignore”
crm(live)configure# rsc_defaults resource-stickiness=100
配置fip資源
crm(live)configure# primitive fip ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr params ip="192.168.179.132" cidr_netmask="255.255.255.0" nic="eth0" op monitor interval="10" crm(live)configure# crm(live)configure# show #檢視已增加好的VIP node node1 node node2 primitive fip IPaddr params ip=192.168.179.132 cidr_netmask=255.255.255.0 nic=eth0 op monitor interval=10 property cib-bootstrap-options: have-watchdog=false dc-version=1.1.15-5.el6-e174ec8 cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)" expected-quorum-votes=2 stonith-enabled=false no-quorum-policy=ignore rsc_defaults rsc-options: resource-stickiness=100 crm(live)configure# crm(live)configure# verify #檢查一下配置檔案有沒有錯誤 crm(live)configure# commit #提交配置的資源,在命令列配置資源時,只要不用commit提交配置好資源,就不會生效。 [root@node1 ~]# ping 192.168.8.140 PING 192.168.8.140 (192.168.8.140) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.8.140: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.027 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.140: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.046 ms ^C --- 192.168.8.140 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1172ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.027/0.036/0.046/0.011 ms [root@node1 ~]#
將此叢集配置成為一個active/passive模型的web(httpd)服務叢集
[root@node1 ~]# yum install httpd -y [root@node1 ~]# echo "node1 by renzhiyuan" >/var/www/html/index.html [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start [root@node2 ~]# yum install httpd -y [root@node2 ~]# echo "node2 by renzhiyuan" >/var/www/html/index.html [root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start 測試確保可正常訪問: http://192.168.8.111/ http://192.168.8.112/
接下來我們將此httpd服務新增為叢集資源。將httpd新增為叢集資源有兩處資源代理可用:lsb和ocf:heartbeat,為了簡單起見,我們這裡使用lsb型別:
首先可以使用如下命令檢視lsb型別的httpd資源的語法格式:
crm(live)ra# info lsb:httpd start and stop Apache HTTP Server (lsb:httpd) server implementing the current HTTP standards. Operations` defaults (advisory minimum): start timeout=15 stop timeout=15 status timeout=15 restart timeout=15 force-reload timeout=15 monitor timeout=15 interval=15 crm(live)ra#
接下來新建資源httpd:
crm(live)# configure crm(live)configure# primitive httpd lsb:httpd crm(live)configure# show node node1 node node2 primitive httpd lsb:httpd primitive vip IPaddr params ip=192.168.8.140 nic=eth2 cidr_netmask=24 property cib-bootstrap-options: expected-quorum-votes=2 have-watchdog=false dc-version=1.1.15-5.el6-e174ec8 cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)" stonith-enabled=false no-quorum-policy=ignore rsc_defaults rsc-options: resource-stickiness=100 crm(live)configure# verify crm(live)configure# commit crm(live)configure#
來檢視一下資源狀態
crm(live)# status Stack: classic openais (with plugin) Current DC: node1 (version 1.1.15-5.el6-e174ec8) - partition with quorum Last updated: Wed Jun 28 12:08:55 2017Last change: Wed Jun 28 12:08:28 2017 by root via cibadmin on node1 , 2 expected votes 2 nodes and 2 resources configured Online: [ node1 node2 ] Full list of resources: vip(ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr):Started node1 httpd(lsb:httpd):Started node2 crm(live)#
定義組資源
crm(live)# configure crm(live)configure# group webservice vip httpd crm(live)configure# show node node1 node node2 primitive httpd lsb:httpd primitive vip IPaddr params ip=192.168.8.140 nic=eth2 cidr_netmask=24 group webservice vip httpd property cib-bootstrap-options: expected-quorum-votes=2 have-watchdog=false dc-version=1.1.15-5.el6-e174ec8 cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)" stonith-enabled=false no-quorum-policy=ignore rsc_defaults rsc-options: resource-stickiness=100 crm(live)configure# verify crm(live)configure# commit crm(live)configure#
再次來檢視一下資源狀態
crm(live)# status Stack: classic openais (with plugin) Current DC: node1 (version 1.1.15-5.el6-e174ec8) - partition with quorum Last updated: Wed Jun 28 12:13:16 2017Last change: Wed Jun 28 12:11:45 2017 by root via cibadmin on node1 , 2 expected votes 2 nodes and 2 resources configured Online: [ node1 node2 ] Full list of resources: Resource Group: webservice vip(ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr):Started node1 httpd(lsb:httpd):Started node1 crm(live)#
訪問:
http://192.168.8.140/ node1 by renzhiyuan
故障模擬:
[root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/corosync stop [root@node2 ~]# crm crm(live)# node crm(live)node# standby crm(live)node# cd .. crm(live)# cd node crm(live)node# standby crm(live)node# cd .. crm(live)# status Stack: classic openais (with plugin) Current DC: node2 (version 1.1.15-5.el6-e174ec8) - partition with quorum Last updated: Wed Jun 28 12:55:16 2017Last change: Wed Jun 28 12:55:12 2017 by root via crm_attribute on node1 , 2 expected votes 2 nodes and 2 resources configured Node node1: standby Online: [ node2 ] Full list of resources: Resource Group: webservice vip(ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr):Started node2 httpd(lsb:httpd):Started node2 crm(live)#
訪問:
http://192.168.8.140/ node2 by renzhiyuan