檢查和收集 Linux 硬體資訊的 7 個命令
在Linux系統中，有許多命令可用於查詢主機的硬體資訊。一些命令只針對特定的硬體元件，比如CPU、記憶體，一些命令可以查詢多個硬體資訊。
這篇文章只是簡單的讓每個人瞭解查詢硬體資訊的基本命令使用，包括lscpu、hwinfo、lshw、lspci、lsblk、lsusb等等。
1. lscpu用於查詢CPU資訊
[root@devops ~]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 1 On-line CPU(s) list: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 1 CPU socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 45 Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 2194.842 BogoMIPS: 4389.68 Hypervisor vendor: Xen Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 15360K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0
2. lshw顯示硬體資訊表
這個命令應用普遍，它可通過個人需求而列出多種不同的硬體引數：CPU、記憶體、硬碟、USB控制器、lshw卡片等等，本質上就是從/proc目錄不同檔案中中提取對應的硬體資訊。
按照下面的步驟去安裝lshw工具，然後就可以使用了。
wget http://ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz tar -zxvf lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz cd lshw-B.02.14 make && make install
示例：
[root@devops lshw-B.02.14]# lshw -short H/W path Device Class Description ===================================================== system HVM domU /0 bus Motherboard /0/0 memory 96KiB BIOS /0/1 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz /0/2 memory System Memory /0/2/0 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM /0/2/1 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM /0/3 memory 96KiB BIOS /0/4 processor CPU /0/5 memory System Memory /0/6 memory /0/7 memory /0/100 bridge 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] /0/100/1 bridge 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II] /0/100/1.1 scsi1 storage 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II] /0/100/1.1/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom1 disk SCSI CD-ROM /0/100/1.2 bus 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] /0/100/1.2/1 usb1 bus UHCI Host Controller /0/100/1.2/1/2 input QEMU USB Tablet /0/100/1.3 bridge 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI /0/100/2 display GD 5446 /0/100/3 generic Xen Platform Device /1 eth0 network Ethernet interface /2 eth1 network Ethernet interface [root@devops lshw-B.02.14]#
3. hwinfo-硬體資訊
hwinfo類似於lshw，也能查詢硬體資訊，且應用廣泛。它也能輸出多個硬體部分的詳細或者簡要資訊，但是不同的是有時hwinfo比lshw的資訊更詳細。
預設情況下，Linux系統沒有安裝hwinfo工具，所以你需要按照以下步驟自己安裝：
CentOS 6
#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm #yum list hwinfo #yum install hwinfo
CentOS 5
#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/5/gf/x86_64/gf-release-5-6.gf.el5.noarch.rpm #yum list hwinfo #yum install hwinfo
[root@devops tmp]# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm Retrieving http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.m2mMAO: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 13a4d2a9: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:gf-release ########################################### [100%] [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com gf 00:00 gf/primary_db 00:00 Available Packages hwinfo.x86_64 [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com gf 00:00 gf/primary_db 00:00 Available Packages hwinfo.x86_64 20.2-1.gf.el6
[root@devops tmp]# yum install hwinfo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package hwinfo.x86_64 0:20.2-1.gf.el6 will be installed .....
示例：
[root@devops tmp]# hwinfo -short oops: don't know what to do with "short" [root@devops tmp]# hwinfo --short cpu: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz, 2194 MHz keyboard: /dev/input/event3 AT Translated Set 2 keyboard /dev/ttyS0 serial console mouse: /dev/input/mice Adomax QEMU USB Tablet /dev/input/mice Macintosh mouse button emulation /dev/input/mice ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse graphics card: Cirrus Logic GD 5446 storage: Intel 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II] Xen Virtual Storage 0 Xen Virtual Storage 1 Xen Virtual Storage 2 network: eth0 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 0 eth1 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 1 network interface: lo Loopback network interface eth0 Ethernet network interface eth1 Ethernet network interface disk: /dev/xvda Disk /dev/xvdb Disk partition: /dev/xvda1 Partition /dev/xvdb1 Partition cdrom: /dev/sr0 QEMU DVD-ROM usb controller: Qumranet Qemu virtual machine bios: BIOS bridge: Qumranet Qemu virtual machine Qumranet Qemu virtual machine Qumranet Qemu virtual machine hub: Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 uhci_hcd UHCI Host Controller memory: Main Memory unknown: FPU DMA controller PIC Timer Keyboard controller XenSource Xen Platform Device [root@devops tmp]#
4. lspci
lsppci命令可列出PCI匯流排的資訊以及連線到PCI匯流排上的裝置資訊，比如VGA介面卡、SATA控制器、其他模組等等。lspci工具是pciutils包的一部分，所以在安裝lspci之前，你需要安裝pciutils包。
安裝pciutils包使用下面的命令：
#yum install pciutils
[root@devops tmp]# yum install pciutils Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.1.10-2.el6 for package: pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.4-11.el6 will be updated ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved Installing: pciutils x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6 85 k Updating for dependencies: pciutils-libs x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6 34 k ..... Dependency Updated: pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 Complete!
示例：
[root@devops tmp]# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II] 00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II] 00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01) 00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 01) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446 00:03.0 Unassigned class [ff80]: XenSource, Inc. Xen Platform Device (rev 01) [root@devops tmp]#
5. lsusb-列出USB匯流排資訊
這個命令可列出USB控制器的裝置資訊。
lsusb工具是usbutils包的一部分，所以你需要按照如下命令安裝：
#yum install usbutils
[root@devops tmp]# yum install usbutils Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libusb-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================ ============ Package Arch Version Size ======================================================= ============ Installing: usbutils x86_64 003-4.el6 71 k Installing for dependencies: libusb1 x86_64 1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 80 k Transaction Summary ================================================================ ============ Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 152 k Installed size: 377 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm 00:00 (2/2): usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64.rpm 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------- ------------ Total 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64 1/2 Installing : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64 2/2 Installed: usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 Dependency Installed: libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 Complete!
示例：
[root@devops tmp]# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd [root@devops tmp]#
6. lsblk-列出塊裝置的資訊
[root@devops tmp]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT xvda 202:0 0 20G 0 disk └─xvda1 202:1 0 20G 0 part / xvdb 202:16 0 10G 0 disk └─xvdb1 202:17 0 10G 0 part /alidata sr0 11:0 1 362K 0 rom
7. lsscsi-列出SCSI的裝置資訊
列出SCSI/SDAT裝置的資訊，比如硬碟驅動器、光碟驅動器。
[root@devops tmp]# lsscsi [1:0:0:0] cd/dvd QEMU QEMU DVD-ROM 0.10 /dev/sr0 [root@devops tmp]#
完畢！Enjoy this！
原文地址：http://www.itsprite.com/linux-7-linux-commands-to-checkgather-hardware-information-in-linux-system/
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