一、普通 MySQL 連線方法
使用模組 MySQLdb 普通方式連線。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=`127.0.0.1`, port=3306, user=`root`, passwd=`123`, db=`test`)
cursor = conn.cursor()
sql_1 = "select * from user where id = %s;" % (5,)
sql_2 = "select * from user
where id = %s;" % (5,)
sql_3 = """
insert into user(username, password)
values("yuchaoshui", "123");
"""
try:
print cursor.execute(sql_1)
print cursor.fetchall()
print cursor.execute(sql_2)
print cursor.fetchall()
print cursor.execute(sql_3)
conn.commit()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
conn.rollback()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
execute()
返回結果表示影響的行數。cursor.fetchone()
取回一條結果。sql_1 直接一行寫完,sql_2 換行寫完, sql_3 多行寫。 查詢時不需要 commit()
操作,插入、更新、刪除時需要 commit()
提交。
二、使用連線池連線MySQL
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import MySQLdb
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB
pool = PooledDB(MySQLdb, 5, host=`127.0.0.1`, port=3306, user=`root`, passwd=`123`, db=`test`)
conn = pool.connection()
cursor = conn.cursor()
sql_1 = "select * from user where id = %s;" % (5,)
sql_2 = "select * from user
where id = %s;" % (5,)
sql_3 = """
insert into user(username, password)
values("yuchaoshui", "123");
"""
try:
print cursor.execute(sql_1)
print cursor.fetchall()
print cursor.execute(sql_2)
print cursor.fetchall()
print cursor.execute(sql_3)
conn.commit()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
conn.rollback()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
5 為連線池裡的最少連線數, 以後每次需要資料庫連線就是用connection()
函式獲取連線就好了
- PooledDB 的預設值
PooledDB(self, creator, mincached=0, maxcached=0, maxshared=0, maxconnections=0, blocking=False, maxusage=None, setsession=None, reset=True, failures=None, ping=1, *args, **kwargs)
- PooledDB的引數:
- mincached,最少的空閒連線數,如果空閒連線數小於這個數,pool會建立一個新的連線
- maxcached,最大的空閒連線數,如果空閒連線數大於這個數,pool會關閉空閒連線
- maxconnections,最大的連線數,
- blocking,當連線數達到最大的連線數時,在請求連線的時候,如果這個值是True,請求連線的程式會一直等待,直到當前連線數小於最大連線數,如果這個值是False,會報錯,
- maxshared , 當連線數達到這個數,新請求的連線會分享已經分配出去的連線
三、模組匯入連線 MySQL
以連線池的方式,編寫模組 mysqlhelper.py,可以在專案的其他地方匯入MySQL連線例項即可使用。 模組點此下載 mysqlhelper.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import print_function
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB
import MySQLdb
import sys
__all__ = [`m`] + ["m"+str(i) for i in range(2, 11)]
class MH(object):
def __init__(self):
try:
print("Connecting MySQL Server {0}@{1}:{2} ..".format(
self.__class__.db, self.__class__.host, self.__class__.port), end=`.`)
self.conn = self.__class__.pool.connection()
self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
print(` ok!`)
except Exception, e:
print("pool.connection error: {0}".format(e))
def select(self, query=``):
try:
self.effect = self.cursor.execute(query)
return self.cursor
except Exception as e:
print("select error: {0}".format(e))
def update(self, query=``):
try:
self.effect = self.cursor.execute(query)
self.conn.commit()
except Exception as e:
print("update error: {0}".format(e))
self.conn.rollback()
self.effect = 0
# M2 類繼承自 M1,表示一個新的 MySQL 連線池。
# 如果需要新的連線池 ,按照如下格式新增即可。
class MH2(MH):
pass
def init_pool(M,
host=`127.0.0.1`,
port=3306,
user=`root`,
password=``,
database=`test`,
pool_size=5):
M.host = host
M.port = int(port)
M.user = user
M.password = password
M.db = database
M.pool_size = pool_size
try:
M.pool = PooledDB(MySQLdb,
M.pool_size,
host=M.host,
port=M.port,
user=M.user,
passwd=M.password,
db=M.db)
except Exception, e:
print("PooledDB init error: {0}".format(e))
exit(1)
# 初始化連線池,可以有多個。第一個引數是前面手動定義的連線池類。
init_pool(MH, `127.0.0.1`, 3306, `root`, `123`, `test`)
init_pool(MH2, `12.55.5.61`, 3306, `root`, `123`, `test`)
# 定義將要被匯出的MySQL例項。 一個連線池可同時提供多個例項物件。
m = MH()
m2 = MH2()
if __name__ == "__main__":
pass
#print "
m info:"
#print m.select("select * from user;").fetchone()
#print m.effect
#print m.select("select * from user;").fetchall()
#print m.effect
#m.update("insert into user(username,password) values(`haha`, `heihei`);")
#print m.effect
##################################################
#print "
m2 info:"
#print m2.select("select * from user;").fetchone()
#print m2.effect
#print m2.select("select * from user;").fetchall()
#print m2.effect
#m2.update("insert into user(username,password) values(`haha`, `heihei`);")
#print m2.effect
- 使用方法
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
from mysqlhelper import m, m2
import time
def test():
print "
m info:"
print m.select("select * from user;").fetchone()
print m.effect
print m.select("select * from user;").fetchall()
print m.effect
m.update("insert into user(username,password) values(`haha`, `heihei`);")
print m.effect
#################################################
print "
m2 info:"
print m2.select("select * from user;").fetchone()
print m2.effect
print m2.select("select * from user;").fetchall()
print m2.effect
m2.update("insert into user(username,password) values(`haha`, `heihei`);")
print m2.effect
if __name__ == `__main__`:
test()