原始碼安裝apache（附遇到的問題及解決）

版本說明

• CentOS版本：
  CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
• 安裝包版本：
  httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz
  apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
  apr-util-1.6.1
  pcre-8.41.tar.gz

安裝過程

路徑說明

安裝包一般放在：/usr/local/src
安裝路徑一般為：/usr/local

安裝(用root使用者)

• 安裝必要應用
  # yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
  # yum install -y expat-devel //錯誤1
  # yum install -y pcre-devel //錯誤2
  # yum install -y openssl-devel //錯誤3
  # yum install -y libxml2-devel //錯誤4
• apr安裝
  # tar zvxf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
  # cd apr-1.6.3
  # ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apr/
  # make
  # make install

• apr-util安裝
  # tar zvxf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
  # cd apr-util-1.6.1
  # ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apr-util/ –with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
  # make
  # make install

• pcre安裝
  # tar zvxf pcre-8.41.tar.gz
  # cd pcre-8.41
  # ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/pcre/
  # make
  # make install
• apache安裝

  # ./configure
  –prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4
  –sbindir=/usr/local/apache2.4/sbin
  –with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
  –with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
  –with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre/
  –enable-ssl
  –with-ssl=shared
  –enable-proxy=shared
  –enable-so
  –enable-mods-shared=all
  # make
  # make install

啟動及檢視

• 複製命令到service級別
  # cp /usr/local/apache2.4/sbin/httpd /etc/rc.d/init.d
• 啟動
  # service httpd -k start
• 停止
  # service httpd -k stop
• 重啟
  # service httpd -k restart

• 檢視狀態
  # service httpd -T

• • 通過80埠狀態檢視
    # sudo netstat -antp|grep 80
  • 通過程式檢視
    # ps -ef|grep httpd

• 訪問檢視是否啟動成功
  訪問：http://ip:80
  出現It works! 恭喜你就成功啦。

開通https訪問

• 生成證書

  # cd /usr/local/apache2.4/conf
  # openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out server.crt -keyout server.key

• 編輯httpd.conf，開啟以下注釋

  Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf 
  LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
  LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so

• 重啟apache

• 檢視&訪問

  • 檢視443埠：# sudo netstat -antp|grep 443
  • 訪問：https://ip:443 , 如果出現It works! 恭喜你就成功啦。

實現與tomcat整合

• 編輯httpd.conf，開啟以下注釋

   LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
   LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so

• 通過443埠跳轉

  • 編輯/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf(在443虛擬機器中加入跳轉的tomcat)

    <VirtualHost *:443>
    <Location /apache_tomcat_test>
    ProxyPass ajp://127.0.0.1:#tomcat的ajp埠#/apache_tomcat_test
    </Location>
    </VirtualHost>
    

  • 重啟apache
  • 訪問： https://ip:443/apache_tomcat_test

• 通過80埠跳轉（用https，關閉http訪問）

  • 編輯/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf(在80虛擬機器中加入跳轉的tomcat)

    <VirtualHost *:80>
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile "/usr/local/apache2/conf/server.crt" 
    SSLCertificateKeyFile "/usr/local/apache2/conf/server.key" 
    
    <Location /apache_tomcat_test>
      ProxyPass ajp://127.0.0.1:#tomcat的ajp埠#/apache_tomcat_test
    </Location>
    </VirtualHost>
    

  • 重啟apache
  • 訪問： https://ip:80/apache_tomcat_test

安裝中的錯誤及解決

錯誤1

• apr-util-1.6.1編譯時的錯誤

  make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1`
  /bin/sh /usr/local/apr//build-1/libtool –silent –mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/apr//include/apr-1 -o xml/apr_xml.lo -c xml/apr_xml.c && touch xml/apr_xml.lo
  xml/apr_xml.c:35:19: error: expat.h: No such file or directory
  xml/apr_xml.c:66: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘XML_Parser’
  xml/apr_xml.c: In function ‘cleanup_parser’:
  xml/apr_xml.c:364: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c:365: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c: トップレベル:
  xml/apr_xml.c:384: error: expected ‘;’, ‘,’ or ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
  xml/apr_xml.c: In function ‘apr_xml_parser_create’:
  xml/apr_xml.c:401: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c:402: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c:410: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c:411: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c:412: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c:424: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c:424: error: ‘default_handler’ undeclared (first use in this function)
  xml/apr_xml.c:424: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
  xml/apr_xml.c:424: error: for each function it appears in.)
  xml/apr_xml.c: In function ‘do_parse’:
  xml/apr_xml.c:434: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c:438: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c:442: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp_err’
  xml/apr_xml.c:442: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp’
  xml/apr_xml.c: In function ‘apr_xml_parser_geterror’:
  xml/apr_xml.c:500: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp_err’
  xml/apr_xml.c:500: error: ‘apr_xml_parser’ has no member named ‘xp_err’
  make[1]: * [xml/apr_xml.lo] Error 1
  make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1`
  make: * [all-recursive] Error 1

• 原因：缺少expat庫，估計是apr-util-1.6不提供了，apr-util-1.5就沒這個錯誤
• 解決：# yum install -y expat-devel

錯誤2

• apache ./configure時的錯誤
  checking for pcre-config… false
• 原因：缺少pcre庫
• 解決：# yum -y install pcre-devel

錯誤3

• apache ./configure時的錯誤
  checking for OpenSSL version >= 0.9.8a… FAILED
  configure: WARNING: OpenSSL version is too old
• 原因：OpenSSL版本舊
• 解決：# yum install -y openssl-devel

錯誤4

• apache make時出錯
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_ParserCreate`
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_GetErrorCode`
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_SetUserData`
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString`
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_SetEntityDeclHandler`
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_ParserFree`
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_SetElementHandler`
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_StopParser`
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_Parse`
  /usr/local/apr-util//lib/libaprutil-1.so: undefined reference to `XML_SetCharacterDataHandler`
  collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
  make[2]: * [htpasswd] Error 1
  make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/httpd-2.4.29/support`
  make[1]: * [all-recursive] Error 1
  make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/httpd-2.4.29/support`
  make: * [all-recursive] Error 1
• 原因：缺少了xml相關的庫，導致reference無效
• 解決：# yum install -y libxml2-devel
• 注意：安裝libxml2-devel後，需要刪掉apr-util，重新安裝

其他說明

apache依賴包可以降低到1.5。就不會出上述錯誤了。

apr-1.5.2
apr-util-1.5.2
pcre-8.41