背景
來自我司業務方要求,需開發一款APP。但由於時間限制,只能採取套殼app方式,即原生app內嵌webview展示前端頁面。本文主要記述JavaScript與原生app間通訊,以及內嵌webview開發時,前端方面可能踩的一些坑。
技術架構
前端:vue+vuex+vue-router+webpack全家桶開發
後端:Node(express框架)簡單轉發介面至java-真後端介面。
js與原生通訊
採用jsBridge技術和原生APP通訊
android 傳送門 和ios 傳送門,因為兩個平臺初始化方式不同,因此在開發過程中,需針對每個平臺做對應操作。
具體做法
- 按照庫要求,宣告好初始化函式
//android
function connectWebViewJavascriptBridge{
if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge) {
//do your work here
} else {
document.addEventListener(
'WebViewJavascriptBridgeReady'
, function() {
//do your work here
},
false
);
}
}
//ios
setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(function(bridge) {
/* Initialize your app here */
bridge.registerHandler('JS Echo', function(data, responseCallback) {
console.log("JS Echo called with:", data)
responseCallback(data)
})
bridge.callHandler('ObjC Echo', {'key':'value'}, function responseCallback(responseData) {
console.log("JS received response:", responseData)
})
})
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- 初始化,得到bride物件。則可呼叫原生app已定義方法或註冊js方法供原生呼叫
setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(function(bridge) {
/* Initialize your app here */
bridge.registerHandler('JS Echo', function(data, responseCallback) {
console.log("JS Echo called with:", data)
responseCallback(data) //
})
bridge.callHandler('ObjC Echo', {'key':'value'}, function responseCallback(responseData) {
console.log("JS received response:", responseData)
})
})
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Tips:
- Android 與 IOS初化方式不同,需要判斷平臺後再進行呼叫。另外Android初始化時,需額外引入一些方法。
- 呼叫Android定義方法時,返回值只能為字串。而IOS可為JSON物件。需要在callHandler時,對返回值進行封裝處理或統一規定好資料格式。
- 完整業務程式碼文末給出
踩坑
- 呼叫bridge屬性方法registerHandler,callHandler,在回撥函式內處理頁面邏輯時,最好避免使用this
- vue元件下,在registerHandler,callHandler回撥函式內使用vue例項時,無法獲取例項物件。正確做法是在回撥函式內呼叫window物件下方法,再通過該方法去使用vue例項物件。
//vue 元件
mounted(){
window['handleServicePushMessage'] = (res) => {
vm.handleServicePushMessage(res)
};
bridge.registerHandler("servicePushMessage", function (data, responseCallback) {
handleServicePushMessage(data)
responseCallback(data) //可傳值到App
})
}
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- 桌面推送訊息點選跳轉至App內詳情情況下,js註冊方法供呼叫時,可能會引起重複呼叫的問題。故在方法內需做好重複呼叫判斷
- IOS-12.0版本下,在有輸入框的頁面,輸入時軟鍵盤會頂起webview,當失去焦點時,webview不會自動回彈。需呼叫APP做處理拉回介面。
//解決ios 12版本 ui不自動回拉問題
document.addEventListener('focusout', function (event) {
let curTarget = event.target || event.srcElement;
let isInput= ['input', 'textarea'];
//處理頁面連續點選都為輸入框的情況
let curTargetTagName= curTarget.tagName.toLowerCase();
if (isInput.includes(curTargetTagName)) {
//事件處理
//延遲獲取activeElement再進行判斷
setTimeout(function () {
let activeEle = document.activeElement;
let activeEleTagName= activeEle.tagName.toLowerCase();
if (!isInput.includes(activeEleTagName)) {
// console.log(document.activeElement.tagName);
//呼叫app橋拉回webview
performMethod('scrollTotop', null);
}
}, 200);
}
}, true);
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5.當js呼叫app不存在的橋時,無法捕獲異常,頁面不會報錯
6.導航欄顯示問題,由於專案時間緊迫,並且app開發人員不承載太多開發任務,所以路由控制放在前端處理。此時就有導航欄電池時間欄的適配問題。本專案採用頂部下調20PX處理,電池時間欄字型顏色的控制也是通過橋呼叫來設定;另外iPhone X適配另外處理。
7.當app載入完網頁時,js立即呼叫原生方法橋時,可能出現原生方法橋未註冊完情況。故特殊情況需延遲呼叫橋操作。
完整程式碼
/*判斷平臺*/
function (window) {
window.device = {};
var ua = navigator.userAgent;
var android = ua.match(/(Android);?[\s\/]+([\d.]+)?/);
var ipad = ua.match(/(iPad).*OS\s([\d_]+)/);
var ipod = ua.match(/(iPod)(.*OS\s([\d_]+))?/);
var iphone = !ipad && ua.match(/(iPhone\sOS)\s([\d_]+)/);
device.ios = device.android = device.iphone = device.ipad = device.androidChrome = false;
if (android) {
device.os = 'android';
device.osVersion = android[2];
device.android = true;
device.androidChrome = ua.toLowerCase().indexOf('chrome') >= 0
}
if (ipad || iphone || ipod) {
device.os = 'ios';
device.ios = true
}
}(window)
/*引入Android需要的初始化,IOS不執行,如執行IOS端橋呼叫會受影響*/
(function () {
if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge || device.ios) {
return false;
}
var messagingIframe;
var sendMessageQueue = [];
var receiveMessageQueue = [];
var messageHandlers = {};
var CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME = 'yy';
var QUEUE_HAS_MESSAGE = '__QUEUE_MESSAGE__/';
var responseCallbacks = {};
var uniqueId = 1;
function _createQueueReadyIframe(doc) {
messagingIframe = doc.createElement('iframe');
messagingIframe.style.display = 'none';
doc.documentElement.appendChild(messagingIframe);
}
/*set default messageHandler*/
function init(messageHandler) {
if (WebViewJavascriptBridge._messageHandler) {
throw new Error('WebViewJavascriptBridge.init called twice');
}
WebViewJavascriptBridge._messageHandler = messageHandler;
var receivedMessages = receiveMessageQueue;
receiveMessageQueue = null;
for (var i = 0; i < receivedMessages.length; i++) {
_dispatchMessageFromNative(receivedMessages[i]);
}
}
function send(data, responseCallback) {
_doSend({data: data}, responseCallback);
}
function registerHandler(handlerName, handler) {
messageHandlers[handlerName] = handler;
}
function callHandler(handlerName, data, responseCallback) {
_doSend({handlerName: handlerName, data: data}, responseCallback);
}
/*sendMessage add message, 觸發native處理 sendMessage*/
function _doSend(message, responseCallback) {
if (responseCallback) {
var callbackId = 'cb_' + (uniqueId++) + '_' + new Date().getTime();
responseCallbacks[callbackId] = responseCallback;
message.callbackId = callbackId;
}
sendMessageQueue.push(message);
messagingIframe.src = CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME + '://' + QUEUE_HAS_MESSAGE;
}
/* 提供給native呼叫,該函式作用:獲取sendMessageQueue返回給native,由於android不能直接獲取返回的內容,所以使用url shouldOverrideUrlLoading 的方式返回內容*/
function _fetchQueue() {
var messageQueueString = JSON.stringify(sendMessageQueue);
sendMessageQueue = [];
/*android can't read directly the return data, so we can reload iframe src to communicate with java*/
messagingIframe.src = CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME + '://return/_fetchQueue/' + encodeURIComponent(messageQueueString);
}
/*提供給native使用,*/
function _dispatchMessageFromNative(messageJSON) {
setTimeout(function () {
var message = JSON.parse(messageJSON);
var responseCallback;
/*java call finished, now need to call js callback function*/
if (message.responseId) {
responseCallback = responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
if (!responseCallback) {
return;
}
responseCallback(message.responseData);
delete responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
} else {/*直接傳送*/
if (message.callbackId) {
var callbackResponseId = message.callbackId;
responseCallback = function (responseData) {
_doSend({responseId: callbackResponseId, responseData: responseData});
};
}
var handler = WebViewJavascriptBridge._messageHandler;
if (message.handlerName) {
handler = messageHandlers[message.handlerName];
}
/*查詢指定handler*/
try {
handler(message.data, responseCallback);
} catch (exception) {
if (typeof console != 'undefined') {
console.log("WebViewJavascriptBridge: WARNING: javascript handler threw.", message, exception);
}
}
}
});
}
/*提供給native呼叫,receiveMessageQueue 在會在頁面載入完後賦值為null,所以*/
function _handleMessageFromNative(messageJSON) {
if (receiveMessageQueue && receiveMessageQueue.length > 0) {
receiveMessageQueue.push(messageJSON);
} else {
_dispatchMessageFromNative(messageJSON);
}
}
var WebViewJavascriptBridge = window.WebViewJavascriptBridge = {
init: init,
send: send,
registerHandler: registerHandler,
callHandler: callHandler,
_fetchQueue: _fetchQueue,
_handleMessageFromNative: _handleMessageFromNative
};
var doc = document;
_createQueueReadyIframe(doc);
var readyEvent = doc.createEvent('Events');
readyEvent.initEvent('WebViewJavascriptBridgeReady');
readyEvent.bridge = WebViewJavascriptBridge;
doc.dispatchEvent(readyEvent);
})();
/*Android端初始化函式*/
function connectWebViewJavascriptBridge(callback) {
if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge) {
callback(WebViewJavascriptBridge)
} else {
document.addEventListener('WebViewJavascriptBridgeReady', function () {
callback(WebViewJavascriptBridge)
}, false);
}
}
/*IOS端初始化函式*/
function setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(callback) {
if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge) {
return callback(WebViewJavascriptBridge)
} else {
}
if (window.WVJBCallbacks) {
return window.WVJBCallbacks.push(callback)
}
window.WVJBCallbacks = [callback];
var WVJBIframe = document.createElement('iframe');
WVJBIframe.style.display = 'none';
WVJBIframe.src = 'wvjbscheme://__BRIDGE_LOADED__';
document.documentElement.appendChild(WVJBIframe);
setTimeout(function () {
document.documentElement.removeChild(WVJBIframe)
}, 0)
}
if(device.ios){
setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(function(bridge){
/*掛載上全域性物件*/
window.BRIDGE= brige;
})
}
if(device.android){
connectWebViewJavascriptBridge(function(bridge){
/*掛載上全域性物件*/
window.BRIDGE= brige;
})
}
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