本章將和大家分享 Elasticsearch 中的資料聚合功能,透過聚合(aggregations)可以實現對文件資料的統計、分析、運算。
一、資料聚合-聚合的分類
聚合(aggregations)可以實現對文件資料的統計、分析、運算。聚合的官方文件地址:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-aggregations.html
聚合常見的有三類:
1)桶(Bucket)聚合:用來對文件做分組
- TermAggregation:按照文件欄位值分組
- Date Histogram:按照日期階梯分組,例如:一週為一組,或者一月為一組。
2)度量(Metric)聚合:用於計算一些值,比如:最大值、最小值、平均值等。
- Avg:求平均值
- Max:求最大值
- Min:求最小值
- Stats:同時求max、min、avg、sum等。
3)管道(Pipeline)聚合:以其它聚合的結果為基礎做聚合。
總結:
1)什麼是聚合?
- 聚合是對文件資料的統計、分析、計算
2)聚合的常見種類有哪些?
- Bucket:對文件資料分組,並統計每組數量
- Metric:對文件資料做計算,例如:avg
- Pipeline:基於其它聚合結果再做聚合
3)參與聚合的欄位型別不能是 text(可分詞的文字)型別,可以是:keyword、數值、日期、布林型別。
二、資料聚合-DSL實現Bucket聚合
1、DSL實現Bucket聚合
現在,我們要統計所有資料中的酒店品牌有幾種,此時可以根據酒店品牌的名稱做聚合。
型別為term型別,DSL示例:
# 聚合功能 GET /hotel/_search { "size": 0, //設定size為0,結果中不包含文件,只包含聚合結果 "aggs": { //定義聚合 "brandAgg": { //給聚合起個名字 "terms": { //聚合的型別,按照品牌值聚合,所以選擇term "field": "brand", //參與聚合的欄位 "size": 10 //希望獲取的聚合結果數量 } } } }
執行結果如下:
{ "took" : 1, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 201, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ ] }, "aggregations" : { "brandAgg" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0, "sum_other_doc_count" : 39, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "7天酒店", "doc_count" : 30 }, { "key" : "如家", "doc_count" : 30 }, { "key" : "皇冠假日", "doc_count" : 17 }, { "key" : "速8", "doc_count" : 15 }, { "key" : "萬怡", "doc_count" : 13 }, { "key" : "華美達", "doc_count" : 13 }, { "key" : "和頤", "doc_count" : 12 }, { "key" : "萬豪", "doc_count" : 11 }, { "key" : "喜來登", "doc_count" : 11 }, { "key" : "希爾頓", "doc_count" : 10 } ] } } }
2、Bucket聚合-聚合結果排序
預設情況下,Bucket聚合會統計Bucket內的文件數量,記為_count,並且按照_count降序排序。
我們可以修改結果排序方式:
# 聚合功能,自定義排序規則 GET /hotel/_search { "size": 0, "aggs": { "brandAgg": { "terms": { "field": "brand", "size": 10, "order": { "_count": "asc" //按照_count升序排列 } } } } }
執行結果如下:
{ "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 201, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ ] }, "aggregations" : { "brandAgg" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0, "sum_other_doc_count" : 130, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "萬麗", "doc_count" : 2 }, { "key" : "麗笙", "doc_count" : 2 }, { "key" : "君悅", "doc_count" : 4 }, { "key" : "豪生", "doc_count" : 6 }, { "key" : "維也納", "doc_count" : 7 }, { "key" : "凱悅", "doc_count" : 8 }, { "key" : "希爾頓", "doc_count" : 10 }, { "key" : "漢庭", "doc_count" : 10 }, { "key" : "萬豪", "doc_count" : 11 }, { "key" : "喜來登", "doc_count" : 11 } ] } } }
3、Bucket聚合-限定聚合範圍
預設情況下,Bucket聚合是對索引庫的所有文件做聚合,我們可以限定要聚合的文件範圍,只要新增query條件即可。
示例:
# 聚合功能,限定聚合範圍 GET /hotel/_search { "query": { "range": { "price": { "lte": 200 //只對200元以下的文件聚合 } } }, "size": 0, "aggs": { "brandAgg": { "terms": { "field": "brand", "size": 10, "order": { "_count": "asc" } } } } }
執行結果如下:
{ "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 17, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ ] }, "aggregations" : { "brandAgg" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0, "sum_other_doc_count" : 0, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "7天酒店", "doc_count" : 1 }, { "key" : "漢庭", "doc_count" : 1 }, { "key" : "速8", "doc_count" : 2 }, { "key" : "如家", "doc_count" : 13 } ] } } }
4、總結
1)aggs代表聚合,與query同級,此時query的作用是?
- 限定聚合的的文件範圍
2)聚合必須的三要素是什麼?
- 聚合名稱
- 聚合型別
- 聚合欄位
3)聚合可配置屬性有哪些?
- size:指定聚合結果數量
- order:指定聚合結果排序方式
- field:指定聚合欄位
三、資料聚合-DSL實現Metric聚合
例如:我們要求獲取每個品牌的使用者評分的min、max、avg等值。
我們可以利用stats聚合:
# 巢狀聚合Metric GET /hotel/_search { "size": 0, "aggs": { "brandAgg": { "terms": { "field": "brand", "size": 10, "order": { "scoreAgg.avg": "desc" //對桶裡面的資料做排序 } }, "aggs": { //是brandAgg聚合的子聚合,也就是分組後對每組分別計算 "scoreAgg": { //聚合名稱 "stats": { //聚合型別,這裡stats可以計算min、max、avg等 "field": "score" //聚合欄位,這裡是score } } } } } }
執行結果如下所示:
{ "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 201, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ ] }, "aggregations" : { "brandAgg" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0, "sum_other_doc_count" : 111, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "萬麗", "doc_count" : 2, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 2, "min" : 46.0, "max" : 47.0, "avg" : 46.5, "sum" : 93.0 } }, { "key" : "凱悅", "doc_count" : 8, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 8, "min" : 45.0, "max" : 47.0, "avg" : 46.25, "sum" : 370.0 } }, { "key" : "和頤", "doc_count" : 12, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 12, "min" : 44.0, "max" : 47.0, "avg" : 46.083333333333336, "sum" : 553.0 } }, { "key" : "麗笙", "doc_count" : 2, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 2, "min" : 46.0, "max" : 46.0, "avg" : 46.0, "sum" : 92.0 } }, { "key" : "喜來登", "doc_count" : 11, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 11, "min" : 44.0, "max" : 48.0, "avg" : 46.0, "sum" : 506.0 } }, { "key" : "皇冠假日", "doc_count" : 17, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 17, "min" : 44.0, "max" : 48.0, "avg" : 46.0, "sum" : 782.0 } }, { "key" : "萬豪", "doc_count" : 11, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 11, "min" : 43.0, "max" : 47.0, "avg" : 45.81818181818182, "sum" : 504.0 } }, { "key" : "萬怡", "doc_count" : 13, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 13, "min" : 44.0, "max" : 48.0, "avg" : 45.69230769230769, "sum" : 594.0 } }, { "key" : "君悅", "doc_count" : 4, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 4, "min" : 44.0, "max" : 47.0, "avg" : 45.5, "sum" : 182.0 } }, { "key" : "希爾頓", "doc_count" : 10, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 10, "min" : 37.0, "max" : 48.0, "avg" : 45.4, "sum" : 454.0 } } ] } } }
四、資料聚合-多條件聚合
需求:搜尋頁面中的城市、星級、品牌等資訊不應該是在頁面寫死,而是透過聚合索引庫中的酒店資料得來的。
示例:
# 多條件聚合 GET /hotel/_search { "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match": { "all": "酒店" } } ], "should": [ { "term": { "brand": "皇冠假日" } }, { "term": { "brand": "華美達" } } ], "must_not": [ { "range": { "price": { "lte": 500 } } } ], "filter": [ { "range": { "score": { "gte": 45 } } } ], "minimum_should_match": 1, "boost": 1 } }, "size": 0, "aggs": { "cityAgg": { "terms": { "field": "city", "size": 10, "order": { "_count": "desc" } } }, "starNameAgg": { "terms": { "field": "starName", "size": 10, "order": { "_count": "desc" } } }, "brandAgg": { "terms": { "field": "brand", "size": 10, "order": { "scoreAgg.avg": "desc" } }, "aggs": { "scoreAgg": { "stats": { "field": "score" } } } } } }
執行結果如下:
{ "took" : 1, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 17, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ ] }, "aggregations" : { "brandAgg" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0, "sum_other_doc_count" : 0, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "皇冠假日", "doc_count" : 12, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 12, "min" : 45.0, "max" : 48.0, "avg" : 46.416666666666664, "sum" : 557.0 } }, { "key" : "華美達", "doc_count" : 5, "scoreAgg" : { "count" : 5, "min" : 45.0, "max" : 46.0, "avg" : 45.2, "sum" : 226.0 } } ] }, "starNameAgg" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0, "sum_other_doc_count" : 0, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "五鑽", "doc_count" : 7 }, { "key" : "五星級", "doc_count" : 5 }, { "key" : "四星級", "doc_count" : 3 }, { "key" : "四鑽", "doc_count" : 2 } ] }, "cityAgg" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0, "sum_other_doc_count" : 0, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "上海", "doc_count" : 10 }, { "key" : "北京", "doc_count" : 4 }, { "key" : "深圳", "doc_count" : 3 } ] } } }
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