轉[Android]APK打包過程詳解（一）

大搜車-自娛發表於2013-11-18

原文地址：http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/729271
如作者要求，請留言，博主可刪除此博文。

這篇文章對android打包過程的每個步驟做了詳細的解釋，這裡我給一個Maven簡單版本作為概括

第一步， aapt,如果pom依賴中有apklib，將會先解壓，與原檔案一起產生aidl r等檔案。
第二步， aidl,javac,編譯，和傳統maven編譯一樣，需要解決依賴，包衝突等還有scope。
第三步， proguard,混淆，釋出包需要，會把所有依賴的jar包放一起處理，形成混淆後的單一jar包
第四步， Dex，混淆後的jar包，處理成delvik認識的classes.dex。
第五步， apkbuilder,打APK，將把所有資原始檔，和dex，打包成為apk。
第六步，有maven外掛支援，將替換相應的資原始檔和配置項，最後再次呼叫aapt打包。
最後， jarsigner，ziplign就是類似簽名，對齊等操作不表

渠道包的關鍵是在第六步，注意是一次編譯class，一次混淆。便可打出n多個渠道包。

每一步都是過程明確，產出目標明確，可以使用maven。

如下引用原文：

1.Android程式編譯、打包、簽名、釋出的三種方式：
方式一：命令列手動編譯打包
方式二：使用ant自動編譯打包
方式三：使用eclipse+ADT編譯打包

2.Android編譯、打包的步驟：
2.1第一步生成R.java類檔案：
Eclipse中會自動生成R.java，ant和命令列使用android SDK提供的aapt.ext程式生成R.java。

2.2第二步將.aidl檔案生成.java類檔案：
Eclipse中自動生成，ant和命令列使用android SDK提供的aidl.exe生成.java檔案。

2.3第三步編譯.java類檔案生成class檔案：
Eclipse中自動生成，ant和命令列使用jdk的javac編譯java類檔案生成class檔案。

2.4第四步將class檔案打包生成classes.dex檔案：
Eclipse中自動生成,ant和命令列使用android SDK提供的dx.bat命令列指令碼生成classes.dex檔案。

2.5第五步打包資原始檔（包括res、assets、androidmanifest.xml等）：
Eclipse中自動生成,ant和命令列使用Android SDK提供的aapt.exe生成資源包檔案。

2.6第六步生成未簽名的apk安裝檔案：
Eclipse中自動生成debug簽名檔案存放在bin目錄中，ant和命令列使用android SDK提供的apkbuilder.bat命令指令碼生成未簽名的apk安裝檔案。

2.7第七步對未簽名的apk進行簽名生成簽名後的android檔案：
Eclipse中使用Android Tools進行簽名，ant和命令列使用jdk的jarsigner對未簽名的包進行apk簽名。

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/288325/ee45e498-97d2-3d40-87c3-5c4247cb2ff8.png[/img]

3.命令列手動編譯打包詳解
詳見：http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/729254

4.ant自動打包android程式詳解
4.1生成R.java類檔案：

 <!-- Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. --> 
    <target name="resource-src" depends="copy"> 
        <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true"> 
<arg value="package" /> 
<arg value="-m" /> 
<arg value="-J" /> 
<arg value="${outdir-gen}" /> 
<arg value="-M" /> 
<arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" /> 
<arg value="-S" /> 
<arg value="${resource-dir}" /> 
<arg value="-I" /> 
<arg value="${android-jar}" /> 
</exec> 
    </target>

4.2將.aidl檔案生成.java類檔案：

  <!-- Generate java classes from .aidl files. --> 
    <target name="aidl" depends="copy"> 
        <echo>Compiling aidl files into Java classes...</echo> 
        <apply executable="${aidl}" failonerror="true"> 
            <arg value="-p${android-framework}" /> 
            <arg value="-I${srcdir}" /> 
            <fileset dir="${srcdir}"> 
                <include name="**/*.aidl"/> 
            </fileset> 
        </apply> 
</target>

4.3編譯.java類檔案生成class檔案：

 <!-- Compile this project's .java files into .class files. --> 
    <target name="compile" depends="copy, resource-src, aidl"> 
        <javac encoding="GB18030" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs="" 
                srcdir="." 
                destdir="${outdir-classes}" 
                bootclasspath="${android-jar}"> 
            <classpath> 
                <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/> 
            </classpath> 
         </javac> 
    </target>

4.4第四步將class檔案打包生成classes.dex檔案：

 <!-- Convert this project's .class files into .dex files. --> 
    <target name="dex" depends="compile"> 
        <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${outdir}/${dex-file}...</echo> 
        <apply executable="${dx}" failonerror="true" parallel="true"> 
            <arg value="--dex" /> 
            <arg value="--output=${intermediate-dex-ospath}" /> 
            <arg path="${outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath}" /> 
            <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/> 
        </apply> 
    </target>

4.5第五步打包資原始檔（包括res、assets、androidmanifest.xml等）：

 <!-- Put the project's resources into the output package file. --> 
    <target name="package-res-and-assets"> 
        <echo>Packaging resources and assets...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true"> 
            <arg value="package" /> 
            <arg value="-f" /> 
            <arg value="-M" /> 
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" /> 
            <arg value="-S" /> 
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" /> 
            <arg value="-A" /> 
            <arg value="${asset-dir}" /> 
            <arg value="-I" /> 
            <arg value="${android-jar}" /> 
            <arg value="-F" /> 
            <arg value="${resources-package}" /> 
        </exec> 
    </target>

4.6第六步生成未簽名的apk安裝檔案：

  <target name="package" depends="dex, package-res"> 
        <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failonerror="true"> 
            <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-u" /> 
            <arg value="-z" /> 
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-f" /> 
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-rf" /> 
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-rj" /> 
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" /> 
        </exec> 
        <echo>It will need to be signed with jarsigner before being published.</echo> 
    </target>

4.7第七步對未簽名的apk進行簽名生成簽名後的android檔案：
<target name="jarsigner" depends="package">

<echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo> 
<exec executable="${jarsigner}" failonerror="true"> 
<arg value="-verbose" /> 
<arg value="-storepass" /> 
<arg value="byread002" /> 
<arg value="-keypass" /> 
<arg value="byread002" /> 
<arg value="-keystore" /> 
<arg value="bbyread.keystore" /> 
<arg value="-signedjar" /> 
<arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" /> 
<arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> 
<arg value="byread" /> 
</exec> 
</target>

Ant配置檔案：


<?xml version="1.0" ?>  

<project name="Byread" default="debug">  
    <!-- SDK Locations -->  
    <property name="sdk2.2-folder" value="F:\explorer\android-sdk-windows2.2" />  
    <property name="sdk-folder" value="${sdk2.2-folder}/platforms/android-3" />  
    <property name="sdk-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/tools" />  
    <property name="android-tools" value="${sdk2.2-folder}/tools" />  
    <property name="proguardpath" location="${wtkhome}/lib/proguard" />  

        <!-- step 1.generate R.java by aapt  2.compile java to class by javac。exe 3.generate classes.dex by dx.bat  -->  
        <!-- 4.package resources by aapt 5. package resource and classes.dex by apkbuilder.bat 6.sign apk by jarsinger -->  
    <!-- Tools -->  
    <property name="aapt" value="${sdk-tools}/aapt.exe" />  
    <property name="dx" value="${sdk-tools}/dx.bat" />  
    <property name="apk-builder" value="${android-tools}/apkbuilder.bat" />  
    <property name="aidl" value="${android-tools}/aidl.exe" />  
    <property name="adb" value="${android-tools}/adb.exe" />  
    <property name="android-jar" value="${sdk-folder}/android.jar" />  
    <property name="jarsigner" value="C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_07\bin\jarsigner.exe" />  

    <!-- Application Package Name -->  
    <property name="application-package" value="com.byread.reader" />  
    <property name="useragent" value="byAndroidWeb" />  
    <property name="version" value="1.02" />  
    <!-- The intermediates directory -->  
    <!-- Eclipse uses "bin" for its own output, so we do the same. -->  
    <property name="outdir-bin" value="bin" />  
    <property name="outdir-gen" value="gen" />  
    <!-- source directories -->  
        <property name="resource-dir" value="res" />  
    <property name="asset-dir" value="assets" />  
    <property name="srcdir" value="src" />  
    <property name="srcdir-ospath" value="${basedir}/${srcdir}" />  
    <property name="external-libs" value="libs" />  
    <property name="external-libs-ospath" value="${basedir}/${external-libs}" />  

    <!-- dest directories -->  
    <property name="des-resource-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/res" />  
    <property name="des-asset-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/assets" />  
    <property name="des-srcdir" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />  
    <property name="des-srcdir-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-bin}/${srcdir}" />  
    <property name="des-external-libs" value="${outdir-bin}/libs" />  
    <property name="des-external-libs-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-bin}/${external-libs}" />  

    <!-- Output directories -->  
    <property name="outdir-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />  
    <property name="outdir-obfuscate-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/classes" />  
    <property name="outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-obfuscate-classes}" />  

    <!-- Intermediate files -->  
    <property name="dex-file" value="classes.dex" />  
    <property name="intermediate-dex" value="${outdir-bin}/${dex-file}" />  
    <property name="intermediate-dex-ospath" value="${basedir}/${intermediate-dex}" />  

    <!-- The final package file to generate -->  
    <property name="resources-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}" />  
    <property name="resources-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${resources-package}" />  
    <property name="out-debug-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}-debug.apk" />  
    <property name="out-debug-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-debug-package}" />  
    <property name="out-unsigned-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}-unsigned.apk" />  
    <property name="out-unsigned-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-unsigned-package}" />  
        <property name="out-signed-package" value="${useragent}\${ant.project.name}.apk" />  
        <property name="out-signed-package-ospath" value="${basedir}\${out-signed-package}" />  


    <!-- init -->  
        <target name="init">  
        <echo>Creating all output directories </echo>  
        <delete dir="${outdir-bin}" />  
        <delete dir="${useragent}" />  
        <mkdir dir="${outdir-bin}" />  
        <mkdir dir="${outdir-classes}" />  
        <mkdir dir="${useragent}" />  
    </target>  

    <!-- copy original strings and modify useragent -->  
    <target name="copy" depends="init">  
        <echo>copy files to output folder</echo>  
        <delete file="${resource-dir}\values\strings.xml"/>  
        <copy file="strings.xml" todir="${resource-dir}\values" />  
        <replace file="${resource-dir}\values\strings.xml" token="@USERAGENT@" value="${useragent}" encoding="utf-8"/>  
    </target>  

    <!-- Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. -->  
    <target name="resource-src" depends="copy">  
        <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">  
                    <arg value="package" />  
                    <arg value="-m" />  
                    <arg value="-J" />  
                    <arg value="${outdir-gen}" />  
                    <arg value="-M" />  
                    <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
                    <arg value="-S" />  
                    <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
                    <arg value="-I" />  
                    <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
                </exec>  
    </target>  

    <!-- Generate java classes from .aidl files. -->  
    <target name="aidl" depends="copy">  
        <echo>Compiling aidl files into Java classes...</echo>  
        <apply executable="${aidl}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="-p${android-framework}" />  
            <arg value="-I${srcdir}" />  
            <fileset dir="${srcdir}">  
                <include name="**/*.aidl"/>  
            </fileset>  
        </apply>  
    </target>  

    <!-- Compile this project's .java files into .class files. -->  
    <target name="compile" depends="copy, resource-src, aidl">  
        <javac encoding="GB18030" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs=""  
                srcdir="."  
                destdir="${outdir-classes}"  
                bootclasspath="${android-jar}">  
            <classpath>  
                <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/>  
            </classpath>  
         </javac>  
    </target>  




    <!-- Convert this project's .class files into .dex files. -->  
    <target name="dex" depends="compile">  
        <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${outdir}/${dex-file}...</echo>  
        <apply executable="${dx}" failonerror="true" parallel="true">  
            <arg value="--dex" />  
            <arg value="--output=${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
            <arg path="${outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath}" />  
            <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/>  
        </apply>  
    </target>  

    <!-- Put the project's resources into the output package file. -->  
    <target name="package-res-and-assets">  
        <echo>Packaging resources and assets...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="package" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="-M" />  
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
            <arg value="-S" />  
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
            <arg value="-A" />  
            <arg value="${asset-dir}" />  
            <arg value="-I" />  
            <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
            <arg value="-F" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  

    <!-- Same as package-res-and-assets, but without "-A ${asset-dir}" -->  
    <target name="package-res-no-assets">  
        <echo>Packaging resources...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="package" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="-M" />  
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
            <arg value="-S" />  
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
            <!-- No assets directory -->  
            <arg value="-I" />  
            <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
            <arg value="-F" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  

    <!-- Invoke the proper target depending on whether or not  
         an assets directory is present. -->  
    <!-- TODO: find a nicer way to include the "-A ${asset-dir}" argument  
         only when the assets dir exists. -->  
    <target name="package-res">  
        <available file="${asset-dir}" type="dir"  
                property="res-target" value="and-assets" />  
        <property name="res-target" value="no-assets" />  
        <antcall target="package-res-${res-target}" />  
    </target>  

    <!-- Package the application and sign it with a debug key.  
         This is the default target when building. It is used for debug. -->  
    <target name="debug" depends="dex, package-res">  
        <echo>Packaging ${out-debug-package}, and signing it with a debug key...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="${out-debug-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-z" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rf" />  
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rj" />  
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  

    <!-- Package the application without signing it.  
         This allows for the application to be signed later with an official publishing key. -->  
    <target name="package" depends="dex, package-res">  
        <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-u" />  
            <arg value="-z" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rf" />  
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rj" />  
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" />  
        </exec>  
        <echo>It will need to be signed with jarsigner before being published.</echo>  
    </target>  

        <target name="jarsigner" depends="package">  
            <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo>  
            <exec executable="${jarsigner}" failonerror="true">  
                <arg value="-verbose" />  
                <arg value="-storepass" />  
                <arg value="byread002" />  
                <arg value="-keypass" />  
                <arg value="byread002" />  
                <arg value="-keystore" />  
                <arg value="bbyread.keystore" />  
                <arg value="-signedjar" />  
                <arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" />  
                <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />  
                <arg value="byread" />  
            </exec>  
        </target>  

        <target name="release" depends="jarsigner">  
        <echo>release for release...</echo>  
    </target>  

    <!-- Install the package on the default emulator -->  
    <target name="install" depends="debug">  
        <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${adb}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="install" />  
            <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  

    <target name="reinstall" depends="debug">  
        <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${adb}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="install" />  
            <arg value="-r" />  
            <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  

    <!-- Uinstall the package from the default emulator -->  
    <target name="uninstall">  
        <echo>Uninstalling ${application-package} from the default emulator...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${adb}" failonerror="true">  
            <arg value="uninstall" />  
            <arg value="${application-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  

</project>

5.eclipse打包簽名
詳見：http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/719428

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