[Android]單元測試例項

轉自：http://yuanzhifei89.iteye.com/blog/1122104 作者：yuanzhifei

[b]測試相關資源 [/b]
讓開發自動化: 用 Eclipse 外掛提高程式碼質量[url=http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-ap01117/index.html]http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-ap01117/index.html[/url]

程式碼測試覆蓋率介紹：[url=http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/03/29/1424344.html]http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/03/29/1424344.html[/url]


[b]學習android單元測試時遇到的一些問題：[/b]
1.開始以為單元測試一定要從程式的launch Activity，一步一步的跳轉到所要測試的Activity能對其進行測試。
但實際上，我們可以從任意一個activity開始，對任意一個activity進行測試。

2.在執行單元測試之前，一定要先將要測試的程式安裝到模擬器或真機上。

[b]junit相關 [/b]
android中的測試框架是擴充套件的junit3，所以在學習android中的單元測試籤，可以先熟悉下junit3的使用，junit3要學習的東西應該並不多，就幾頁紙的東西。入門可以參考這個：[url=http://android.blog.51cto.com/268543/49994]http://android.blog.51cto.com/268543/49994 [/url]

[b]android單元測試框架中涉及的註解[/b]
@Suppress 可以用在類或這方法上，這樣該類或者該方法就不會被執行
@UiThreadTest 可以用在方法上，這樣該方法就會在程式的ui執行緒上執行
@LargeTest, @MediumTest, @SmallTest 用在方法上，標記所屬的測試型別，主要是用於單獨執行其中的某一類測試時使用。具體參考InstrumentationTestRunner類的文件。
@Smoke 具體用法還不清楚

[b]android單元測試框架中涉及的一些類的uml[/b]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513766/4db7f7f4-80a0-3831-9013-0f23e79b69ba.png[/img]


[b]接下來我們以demo project來講解如何使用android中的單元測試[/b]
主要包括了三個activity：
MainActivity：僅包含一個button，點選後就可以進入LoginActivity

LoginActivity：可以輸入username, password，然後點選submit的話可進入HomeActivity，如果點選reset的話，輸入的內容就會被清空

HomeActivity：在TextView中顯示LoginActivity輸入的內容

[b]首先我們建立要測試的專案demo（使用了2.1）[/b]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513754/799321ed-ed41-344d-a9dd-4dd0e7579cb3.png[/img]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513756/c176e312-28fa-33c9-8370-347aa4298890.png[/img]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513758/807f08b9-02be-3a49-bb49-248db3ccc4b8.png[/img]



[b]MainActivity程式碼 [/b]

public class MainActivity extends Activity {  
    private static final boolean DEBUG = true;  
    private static final String TAG = "-- MainActivity";  

    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        if (DEBUG) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");  
        }  

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.act_main);  
        View toLoginView = findViewById(R.id.to_login);  
        toLoginView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
            public void onClick(View view) {  
                if (DEBUG) {  
                    Log.i(TAG, "toLoginView clicked");  
                }  

                Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), LoginActivity.class);  
                startActivity(intent);  
            }  
        });  
    }  
}  

[b]MainActivity的佈局檔案[/b]

<LinearLayout  
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
>  
    <Button  
        android:id="@+id/to_login"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_gravity="bottom"  
        android:text="to login" />  
</LinearLayout>  

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513760/0011a959-1bbd-391b-9ef2-05453b68531e.png[/img]

[b]LoginActivity程式碼[/b]

public class LoginActivity extends Activity {  
    private static final boolean DEBUG = true;  
    private static final String TAG = "-- LoginActivity";  

    private EditText mUsernameView;  
    private EditText mPasswordView;  

    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        if (DEBUG) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");  
        }  

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.act_login);  
        mUsernameView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.username);  
        mPasswordView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);  

        View submitView = findViewById(R.id.submit);  
        submitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
            public void onClick(View view) {  
                if (DEBUG) {  
                    Log.i(TAG, "submitView clicked");  
                }  

                Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), HomeActivity.class);  
                intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_USERNAME, mUsernameView.getText().toString());  
                intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_PASSWORD, mPasswordView.getText().toString());  
                startActivity(intent);  
            }  
        });  

        View resetView = findViewById(R.id.reset);  
        resetView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
            public void onClick(View view) {  
                if (DEBUG) {  
                    Log.i(TAG, "resetView clicked");  
                }  

                mUsernameView.setText("");  
                mPasswordView.setText("");  
                mUsernameView.requestFocus();  
            }  
        });  
    }  
}  

[b]LoginActivity的佈局檔案[/b]

<LinearLayout  
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
    android:orientation="vertical"  
>  
    <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/label_username"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:text="username:" />  

    <EditText  
        android:id="@+id/username"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:inputType="text" />  

    <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/label_password"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:text="password:" />  

    <EditText  
        android:id="@+id/password"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:inputType="textPassword" />  

    <Button  
        android:id="@+id/submit"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:text="submit" />  

    <Button  
        android:id="@+id/reset"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:text="reset" />  
</LinearLayout>  

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513764/f2410f24-991a-34a4-9cdc-b56bf0fe9148.png[/img]

[b]HomeActivity程式碼[/b]

public class HomeActivity extends Activity {  
    private static final boolean DEBUG = true;  
    private static final String TAG = "-- HomeActivity";  

    public static final String EXTRA_USERNAME = "yuan.activity.username";  
    public static final String EXTRA_PASSWORD = "yuan.activity.password";  

    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        if (DEBUG) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");  
        }  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        Intent intent = getIntent();  
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();  
        sb.append("username:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_USERNAME)).append("\n");  
        sb.append("password:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_PASSWORD));  

        setContentView(R.layout.act_home);  
        TextView loginContentView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.login_content);  
        loginContentView.setText(sb.toString());  
    }  
}  

[b]HomeActivity的佈局檔案 [/b]

<LinearLayout  
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
>  
    <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/login_content"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"  
        android:gravity="center"  
        android:textColor="#EEE"  
        android:textStyle="bold"  
        android:textSize="25sp" />  
</LinearLayout>  

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513762/27e986b0-fe63-349e-86b3-05a7560dc568.png[/img]

程式非常簡單，接下來我們為demo建立單元測試工程demo_unittest
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513748/326f401f-3546-3dfd-a100-b51eb6054304.png[/img]

選擇之前建立的工程demo，然後eclipse會自動幫我們設定api level，包名等。（測試用例的包名一般就是在要測試類的包名後加上test）
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513750/2aab55e5-f020-3ad8-b565-b9520cdb5bce.png[/img]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513752/4dd2ec86-e033-3669-87d6-0206d127feba.png[/img]


建立完後eclipse會自動為我們建立好所需的目錄，Manifest.xml檔案
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513768/f47260f5-ef91-3aec-9478-9b7f4cb013bd.png[/img]

[b]接下來就是為要測試的類編寫測試用例。關於要用哪個測試用例類，在第一張UML圖中也做了簡要的說明。 [/b]
ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2：主要是用於進行activity的功能測試，和activity的互動測試，如activity間的跳轉，ui的互動等。

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase：這個類現在已deprecated了，所以不許考慮。

SingleLaunchActivityTestCase：該測試用例僅掉用setUp和tearDown一次，而不像其它測試用例類一樣，沒呼叫一次測試方法就會重新呼叫一次setUp和tearDown。所以主要測試activity是否能夠正確處理多次呼叫。

ActivityUnitTestCase：主要用於測試Activity，因為它允許注入MockContext和MockApplicaton，所以可以測試Activity在不同資源和應用下的情況。

還有Application等的測試用例比較簡單，看uml圖。如果覺得不夠詳細，可以參考sdk文件的dev guide和api reference。

[b]MainActivityTest測試用例[/b]

public class MainActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {  
    private static final String TAG = "=== MainActivityTest";  

    private Instrumentation mInstrument;  
    private MainActivity mActivity;  
    private View mToLoginView;  

    public MainActivityTest() {  
        super("yuan.activity", MainActivity.class);  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void setUp() throws Exception {  
        super.setUp();  
        mInstrument = getInstrumentation();  
        // 啟動被測試的Activity  
        mActivity = getActivity();  
        mToLoginView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.to_login);  
    }  

    public void testPreConditions() {  
        // 在執行測試之前，確保程式的重要物件已被初始化  
        assertTrue(mToLoginView != null);  
    }  


    //mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {  
    //  public void run() {  
    //      mToLoginView.requestFocus();  
    //      mToLoginView.performClick();  
    //  }  
    //});  
    @UiThreadTest  
    public void testToLogin() {  
        // @UiThreadTest註解使整個方法在UI執行緒上執行，等同於上面註解掉的程式碼  
        mToLoginView.requestFocus();  
        mToLoginView.performClick();  
    }  

    @Suppress  
    public void testNotCalled() {  
        // 使用了@Suppress註解的方法不會被測試  
        Log.i(TAG, "method 'testNotCalled' is called");  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {  
        super.tearDown();  
    }  
}  

[b]LoginActivityTest測試用例 [/b]

public class LoginActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<LoginActivity> {  
    private static final String TAG = "=== LoginActivityTest";  

    private Instrumentation mInstrument;  
    private LoginActivity mActivity;  
    private EditText mUsernameView;  
    private EditText mPasswordView;  
    private View mSubmitView;  
    private View mResetView;  

    public LoginActivityTest() {  
        super("yuan.activity", LoginActivity.class);  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void setUp() throws Exception {  
        super.setUp();  
        /* 
         *  要向程式傳送key事件的話，必須在getActivity之前呼叫該方法來關閉touch模式 
         * 否則key事件會被忽略 
         */  
        setActivityInitialTouchMode(false);  

        mInstrument = getInstrumentation();  
        mActivity = getActivity();  
        Log.i(TAG, "current activity: " + mActivity.getClass().getName());  
        mUsernameView = (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.username);  
        mPasswordView = (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.password);  
        mSubmitView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.submit);  
        mResetView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.reset);  
    }  

    public void testPreConditions() {  
        assertTrue(mUsernameView != null);  
        assertTrue(mPasswordView != null);  
        assertTrue(mSubmitView != null);  
        assertTrue(mResetView != null);  
    }  

    public void testInput() {  
        input();  
        assertEquals("yuan", mUsernameView.getText().toString());  
        assertEquals("1123", mPasswordView.getText().toString());  
    }  

    public void testSubmit() {  
        input();  
        mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {  
            public void run() {  
                mSubmitView.requestFocus();  
                mSubmitView.performClick();  
            }  
        });  
    }  

    public void testReset() {  
        input();  
        mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {  
            public void run() {  
                mResetView.requestFocus();  
                mResetView.performClick();  
            }  
        });  
        assertEquals("", mUsernameView.getText().toString());  
        assertEquals("", mPasswordView.getText().toString());  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {  
        super.tearDown();  
    }  

    private void input() {  
        mActivity.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {  
            public void run() {  
                mUsernameView.requestFocus();  
            }  
        });  
        // 因為測試用例執行在單獨的執行緒上，這裡最好要  
        // 同步application，等待其執行完後再執行  
        mInstrument.waitForIdleSync();  
        sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_Y, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_U,  
                KeyEvent.KEYCODE_A, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_N);  

        // 效果同上面sendKeys之前的程式碼  
        mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {  
            public void run() {  
                mPasswordView.requestFocus();  
            }  
        });  
        sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_1, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_1,  
                KeyEvent.KEYCODE_2, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_3);  
    }  
}  

[b]HomeActivityTest測試用例[/b]

public class HomeActivityTest extends ActivityUnitTestCase<HomeActivity> {  
    private static final String TAG = "=== HomeActivityTest";  

    private static final String LOGIN_CONTENT = "username:yuan\npassword:1123";  

    private HomeActivity mHomeActivity;  
    private TextView mLoginContentView;  

    public HomeActivityTest() {  
        super(HomeActivity.class);  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void setUp() throws Exception {  
        super.setUp();  
        Intent intent = new Intent();  
        intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_USERNAME, "yuan");  
        intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_PASSWORD, "1123");  
        // HomeActivity有extra引數，所以我們需要以intent來啟動它  
        mHomeActivity = launchActivityWithIntent("yuan.activity", HomeActivity.class, intent);  
        mLoginContentView = (TextView) mHomeActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.login_content);  
    }  

    public void testLoginContent() {  
        assertEquals(LOGIN_CONTENT, mLoginContentView.getText().toString());  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {  
        super.tearDown();  
    }  
}  

[b]接下來是執行測試用例，首先我們需要把要測試的程式安裝到模擬器或真機上[/b]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513770/19f8fa10-06cf-3055-8b2a-9dac7dd9dd6c.png[/img]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513772/b74099a9-6415-3784-9175-1bbaebc1477f.png[/img]


執行測試用例，檢視執行結果

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513774/6047f3b1-3044-3d5f-b3a7-509b3aebf909.png[/img]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513776/96525d0f-c157-36b3-9c4a-da1796b40e6e.png[/img]


[b]這裡僅僅講了使用eclipse來進行單元測試，當然也是可以在命令列中進行單元測試的，但既然有eclipse這種圖形介面的工具，就不再折騰什麼命令列了。
還有就是測試用例也可以直接建立在源程式中（即原始碼和測試程式碼放在一個專案中），具體怎麼做的話google一些吧，就是把測試時涉及的一些Manifest元素移到原始碼工程的Manifest中等[/b]