什麼是Feign？
電子商務平臺原始碼請加企鵝求求：一零三八七七四六二六。Feign 的英文表意為“假裝，偽裝，變形”， 是一個http請求呼叫的輕量級框架，可以以Java介面註解的方式呼叫Http請求，而不用像Java中通過封裝HTTP請求報文的方式直接呼叫。Feign通過處理註解，將請求模板化，當實際呼叫的時候，傳入引數，根據引數再應用到請求上，進而轉化成真正的請求，這種請求相對而言比較直觀。
Feign被廣泛應用在Spring Cloud 的解決方案中，是學習基於Spring Cloud 微服務架構不可或缺的重要元件。
1、如何啟用
啟動配置上檢查是否有@EnableFeignClients註解，如果有該註解，則開啟包掃描，掃描被@FeignClient註解介面。掃描出該註解後，通過beanDefinition注入到IOC容器中，方便後續被呼叫使用。
在FeignClientsRegistrar中，registerFeignClients()完成了註冊feign的操作。
public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = this.getScanner();
scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName());
......
//遍歷該專案所需呼叫的服務
Iterator var17 = ((Set)basePackages).iterator();
while(var17.hasNext()) {
String basePackage = (String)var17.next();
Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner.findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
Iterator var21 = candidateComponents.iterator();
while(var21.hasNext()) {
BeanDefinition candidateComponent = (BeanDefinition)var21.next();
if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition)candidateComponent;
//獲取feign中的詳細資訊
AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata();
Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes(FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName());
String name = this.getClientName(attributes);
//註冊配置資訊
this.registerClientConfiguration(registry, name, attributes.get("configuration"));
//註冊feign客戶端
this.registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes);
}
}
}
}
複製程式碼註冊feign客戶端，包括使用註解時配置的所有資訊。
private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName();
BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);
this.validate(attributes);
definition.addPropertyValue("url", this.getUrl(attributes));
definition.addPropertyValue("path", this.getPath(attributes));
String name = this.getName(attributes);
definition.addPropertyValue("name", name);
definition.addPropertyValue("type", className);
definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404"));
definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback"));
definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory"));
definition.setAutowireMode(2);
String alias = name + "FeignClient";
AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition();
boolean primary = ((Boolean)attributes.get("primary")).booleanValue();
beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary);
String qualifier = this.getQualifier(attributes);
if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
alias = qualifier;
}
BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className, new String[]{alias});
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry);
}
複製程式碼2、如何發起請求
ReflectiveFeign內部使用了jdk的動態代理為目標介面生成了一個動態代理類，這裡會生成一個InvocationHandler(jdk動態代理原理)統一的方法攔截器，同時為介面的每個方法生成一個SynchronousMethodHandler攔截器，並解析方法上的 後設資料，生成一個http請求模板。
在SynchronousMethodHandler類中生成RequestTemplate發起請求。
public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable {
RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv);
Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone();
while (true) {
try {
return executeAndDecode(template);
} catch (RetryableException e) {
retryer.continueOrPropagate(e);
if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel);
}
continue;
}
}
}
複製程式碼 Object executeAndDecode(RequestTemplate template) throws Throwable {
Request request = targetRequest(template);
Response response;
long start = System.nanoTime();
try {
response = client.execute(request, options);
// ensure the request is set. TODO: remove in Feign 10
response.toBuilder().request(request).build();
} catch (IOException e) {
if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
logger.logIOException(metadata.configKey(), logLevel, e, elapsedTime(start));
}
throw errorExecuting(request, e);
}
}
複製程式碼傳送http請求
@Override
public Response execute(Request request, Options options) throws IOException {
HttpURLConnection connection = convertAndSend(request, options);
return convertResponse(connection).toBuilder().request(request).build();
}
HttpURLConnection convertAndSend(Request request, Options options) throws IOException {
final HttpURLConnection
connection =
(HttpURLConnection) new URL(request.url()).openConnection();
if (connection instanceof HttpsURLConnection) {
HttpsURLConnection sslCon = (HttpsURLConnection) connection;
if (sslContextFactory != null) {
sslCon.setSSLSocketFactory(sslContextFactory);
}
if (hostnameVerifier != null) {
sslCon.setHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier);
}
}
connection.setConnectTimeout(options.connectTimeoutMillis());
connection.setReadTimeout(options.readTimeoutMillis());
connection.setAllowUserInteraction(false);
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
connection.setRequestMethod(request.method());
Collection<String> contentEncodingValues = request.headers().get(CONTENT_ENCODING);
boolean
gzipEncodedRequest =
contentEncodingValues != null && contentEncodingValues.contains(ENCODING_GZIP);
boolean
deflateEncodedRequest =
contentEncodingValues != null && contentEncodingValues.contains(ENCODING_DEFLATE);
boolean hasAcceptHeader = false;
Integer contentLength = null;
for (String field : request.headers().keySet()) {
if (field.equalsIgnoreCase("Accept")) {
hasAcceptHeader = true;
}
for (String value : request.headers().get(field)) {
if (field.equals(CONTENT_LENGTH)) {
if (!gzipEncodedRequest && !deflateEncodedRequest) {
contentLength = Integer.valueOf(value);
connection.addRequestProperty(field, value);
}
} else {
connection.addRequestProperty(field, value);
}
}
}
// Some servers choke on the default accept string.
if (!hasAcceptHeader) {
connection.addRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*");
}
if (request.body() != null) {
if (contentLength != null) {
connection.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(contentLength);
} else {
connection.setChunkedStreamingMode(8196);
}
connection.setDoOutput(true);
OutputStream out = connection.getOutputStream();
if (gzipEncodedRequest) {
out = new GZIPOutputStream(out);
} else if (deflateEncodedRequest) {
out = new DeflaterOutputStream(out);
}
try {
out.write(request.body());
} finally {
try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException suppressed) { // NOPMD
}
}
}
return connection;
}
複製程式碼