spring 啟動的認識

spring 啟動的認識
spring 啟動是 通過ContextLoaderListener 來啟動，ContextLoaderListener 整合了ContextLoader 並且實現了ServletContextListener介面，ServletContextListener有兩個方法，分別是contextInitialized（web 啟動的執行） 以及contextDestroyed（web專案停止執行）。
顯然當啟動專案的 時候會 載入contextInitialized這個方法，ContextLoaderListener 的主要實現的方法都在ContextLoader 這個類裡，如圖所示：

    /**
     * Initialize the root web application context.
     */
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
        initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
    }

然後到一線是initWebApplicationContext的具體實現

/**
     * Initialize Spring's web application context for the given servlet context,
     * using the application context provided at construction time, or creating a new one
     * according to the "{@link #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM contextClass}" and
     * "{@link #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM contextConfigLocation}" context-params.
     * @param servletContext current servlet context
     * @return the new WebApplicationContext
     * @see #ContextLoader(WebApplicationContext)
     * @see #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM
     * @see #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM
     */
    public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(***ServletContext servletContext***) {
        if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
                    "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
        }

        Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
        servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
        }
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        try {
            // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
            // it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
            if (this.context == null) {
                this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
            }
            if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
                ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
                if (!cwac.isActive()) {
                    // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
                    // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
                    if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
                        // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
                        // determine parent for root web application context, if any.
                        ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
                        cwac.setParent(parent);
                    }
                    configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
                }
            }
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

            ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
            if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
                currentContext = this.context;
            }
            else if (ccl != null) {
                currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
            }

            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
                        WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
            }
            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
                logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
            }

            return this.context;
        }
        catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
            throw ex;
        }
        catch (Error err) {
            logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
            throw err;
        }
    }

首先servletContext 是實現的上下文中中的類（具體是什麼的忘記了，主要是獲取web.xml中的配置資訊）；

if (this.context == null) {
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
一下是createWebApplicationContext方法的具體實現

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
        Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
        if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
                    "] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
        }
        return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
    }

繼續貼原始碼

    protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
        String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
        if (contextClassName != null) {
            try {
                return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
            }
            catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                throw new ApplicationContextException(
                        "Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
            }
        }
        else {
            contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
            try {
                return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
            }
            catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                throw new ApplicationContextException(
                        "Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
            }
        }
    }

servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM); 獲取的web.xml 的實現ServletContext的類，如果沒有配置，那麼就用spring 提供預設的實現類，到底會實現什麼類，繼續看程式碼：contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
這是個什麼東西，在這個類中有個靜態程式碼塊，如下

private static final Properties defaultStrategies;
private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "ContextLoader.properties";
    static {
        // Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
        // This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
        // by application developers.
        try {
            ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class);
            defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'ContextLoader.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

現在明白了吧，實現WebApplicationContext 是XmlWebApplicationContext 這個類，應為ContextLoader.properties的內容是

org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext

接著我們看

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);

實現他的方法是：

    protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
        if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
            // The application context id is still set to its original default value
            // -> assign a more useful id based on available information
            String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
            if (idParam != null) {
                wac.setId(idParam);
            }
            else {
                // Generate default id...
                wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
                        ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
            }
        }

        wac.setServletContext(sc);
        **String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);**
        if (configLocationParam != null) {
            wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
        }

        // The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
        // is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
        // use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
        ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
        if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
            ((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
        }

        customizeContext(sc, wac);
        wac.refresh();
    }

sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM)中 public static final String CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM = “contextConfigLocation”;
此中正好對應的是web.xml

<context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

這就是當web專案啟動的時候，spring 載入web.xml的過程。

瀏覽器相容

1. 目前，本編輯器對Chrome瀏覽器支援最為完整。建議大家使用較新版本的Chrome。
2. IE９以下不支援
3. IE９，１０，１１存在以下問題
   
   1. 不支援離線功能
   2. IE9不支援檔案匯入匯出
   3. IE10不支援拖拽檔案匯入

---