如何實現自己的SpringBoot自動配置

Protopia發表於2019-04-18

SpringBoot基本原理

SpringBoot可以幫助我們更好的使用Spring,更快的配置一個可以執行的Spring應用。

SpringBoot實現自動配置實現的入口是@EnableAutoConfiguration註解,該註解又通過@Import註解匯入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector,在該類中實現了對META-INF/spring.factoriesorg.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration屬性指定的所有配置,如org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration

//檔案:spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar!/META-INF/spring.factories

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
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在CacheAutoConfiguration中,通過條件註解@ConditionalOnXXX,以及@Import註解來實現對快取功能的相關Bean的自動配置。

// 檔案:spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE-sources.jar!/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/cache/CacheAutoConfiguration.java

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(CacheManager.class)
@ConditionalOnBean(CacheAspectSupport.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = CacheManager.class, name = "cacheResolver")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(CacheProperties.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ CouchbaseAutoConfiguration.class, HazelcastAutoConfiguration.class,
		HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class, RedisAutoConfiguration.class })
@Import(CacheConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public class CacheAutoConfiguration {

	@Bean
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
	public CacheManagerCustomizers cacheManagerCustomizers(
			ObjectProvider<CacheManagerCustomizer<?>> customizers) {
		return new CacheManagerCustomizers(
				customizers.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));
	}
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實現自己的AutoConfiguration

在實際開發過程中,我們可能需要將公司內部的,或者Spring官方還不支援的第三方類庫整合到我們的專案中。但是為了重用,最好能夠按照SpringBoot的自動配置來配置。

第一步:引入Spring官方依賴

專案的pom檔案:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!-- 和Spring官方的自動配置做區分 -->
	<groupId>geektime.spring.hello</groupId>
	<artifactId>geektime-spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>geektime-spring-boot-autoconfigure</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-boot.version>2.1.3.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
	</properties>

     <!-- 引入Spring官方的配置管理 -->
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<dependencies>
         <!-- 引入SpringBoot的自動配置模組 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
		</dependency>

        <!-- 自己的定義第三方依賴 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>geektime.spring.hello</groupId>
			<artifactId>greeting</artifactId>
			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

</project>
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第二步:編寫Java Configuration,並新增條件註解

Spring支援的條件註解:

  • 條件註解@Conditional
  • 類條件@ConditionalOnClass,@ConditionalOnMissingClass
  • 屬性條件@ConditionalOnProperty
  • Bean 條件@ConditionalOnBean,@ConditionalOnMissingBean,@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate
  • 資源條件@ConditionalOnResource
  • Web 應⽤用條件@ConditionalOnWebApplication,@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication
  • 其他條件@ConditionalOnExpression,@ConditionalOnJava,@ConditionalOnJndi

Java Configuration程式碼如下:

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(GreetingApplicationRunner.class)
public class GreetingAutoConfiguration {
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(GreetingApplicationRunner.class)
    @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "greeting.enabled", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
    public GreetingApplicationRunner greetingApplicationRunner() {
        return new GreetingApplicationRunner();
    }
}
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第三步:定位自動配置

在當前專案的resource目錄下的META-INF目錄下建立spring.factories檔案,內容如下:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
geektime.spring.hello.greeting.GreetingAutoConfiguration
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第四步:定義自動配置的執行順序

主要的註解有:

  • @AutoConfigureBefore
  • @AutoConfigureAfter
  • @AutoConfigureOrder

一般不需要,具體使用可以參考Spring官方的自動配置

如何在不支援SpringBoot的老版本Spring中實現SpringBoot

如果在老版本的Spring中實現類似SpringBoot的自動配置功能,則需要使用Spring的擴充套件點機制,原理可以參考博文Spring框架的擴充套件點

新增一個Configuration:

@Configuration
public class GreetingAutoConfiguration {
    @Bean
    public static GreetingBeanFactoryPostProcessor greetingBeanFactoryPostProcessor() {
        return new GreetingBeanFactoryPostProcessor();
    }
}
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自定義一個BeanFactoryPostProcessor實現類似條件註解的功能:

@Slf4j
public class GreetingBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        boolean hasClass = ClassUtils.isPresent("geektime.spring.hello.greeting.GreetingApplicationRunner",
                GreetingBeanFactoryPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader());
        if (!hasClass) {
            log.info("GreetingApplicationRunner is NOT present in CLASSPATH.");
            return;
        }

        if (beanFactory.containsBeanDefinition("greetingApplicationRunner")) {
            log.info("We already have a greetingApplicationRunner bean registered.");
            return;
        }

        register(beanFactory);
    }

    private void register(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
        if (beanFactory instanceof BeanDefinitionRegistry) {
            GenericBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
            beanDefinition.setBeanClass(GreetingApplicationRunner.class);

            ((BeanDefinitionRegistry) beanFactory)
                    .registerBeanDefinition("greetingApplicationRunner",
                            beanDefinition);
        } else {
            beanFactory.registerSingleton("greetingApplicationRunner",
                    new GreetingApplicationRunner());
        }
    }
}
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參考資料

  1. Spring框架的擴充套件點
  2. Spring全家桶視訊課程之SpringBoot
  3. Spring全家桶課程程式碼

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