Hive metastore三種配置方式

Hive的meta資料支援以下三種儲存方式，其中兩種屬於本地儲存，一種為遠端儲存。遠端儲存比較適合生產環境。Hive官方wiki詳細介紹了這三種方式，連結為：Hive Metastore。

一、本地derby
這種方式是最簡單的儲存方式，只需要在hive-site.xml做如下配置便可
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>

</configuration>

注：使用derby儲存方式時，執行hive會在當前目錄生成一個derby檔案和一個metastore_db目錄。這種儲存方式的弊端是在同一個目錄下同時只能有一個hive客戶端能使用資料庫，否則會提示如下錯誤
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hive> show tables;
FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.
NestedThrowables:
java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask
二、本地mysql
這種儲存方式需要在本地執行一個mysql伺服器，並作如下配置（下面兩種使用mysql的方式，需要將mysql的jar包拷貝到$HIVE_HOME/lib目錄下）。
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive_remote/warehouse</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>password</value>
</property>
</configuration>

三、遠端mysql
這種儲存方式需要在遠端伺服器執行一個mysql伺服器，並且需要在Hive伺服器啟動meta服務。
這裡用mysql的測試伺服器，ip位192.168.1.214，新建hive_remote資料庫，字符集位latine1
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.214:3306/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>password</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
<value>thrift://192.168.1.188:9083</value>
</property>

</configuration>

注：這裡把hive的服務端和客戶端都放在同一臺伺服器上了。服務端和客戶端可以拆開，將hive-site.xml配置檔案拆為如下兩部分
1）、服務端配置檔案

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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.214:3306/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>test1234</value>
</property>
</configuration>

2）、客戶端配置檔案

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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
<value>thrift://192.168.1.188:9083</value>
</property>

</configuration>

啟動hive服務端程式
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$ hive --service metastore

客戶端直接使用hive命令即可
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root@my188:~$ hive
Hive history file=/tmp/root/hive_job_log_root_201301301416_955801255.txt
hive> show tables;
OK
test_hive
Time taken: 0.736 seconds
hive>


http://blog.csdn.net/reesun/article/details/8556078