Python繪製南北極地圖

槑孒發表於2024-11-30
Python地圖

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
import matplotlib.path as mpath

def plot_polar_map(dmeridian: float = 30.0,  # 經度網格線間隔
                   dparallel: float = 15.0):  # 緯度網格線間隔
    """
    繪製北極區域的極區投影地圖，並新增經緯度網格和標籤。

    引數：
        dmeridian (float): 經度網格線的間隔（單位：度），預設為30.0
        dparallel (float): 緯度網格線的間隔（單位：度），預設為15.0
    """
    # 建立圖形物件，設定尺寸為8x8英寸
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=[8, 8])

    # 設定北極區域的極區投影
    projection = ccrs.NorthPolarStereo()
    ax = plt.axes(projection=projection)

    # 繪製海岸線
    ax.coastlines(linewidths=0.5)

    # 新增陸地特徵，設定顏色為淺灰色
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND, facecolor='lightgray')

    # 設定顯示範圍，限制顯示區域為北極
    ax.set_extent([0, 360, 0, 90], ccrs.PlateCarree())

    # 計算經緯度網格線的數量
    num_merid = int(360.0 / dmeridian + 1.0)  # 經度網格線的數量
    num_parra = int(90.0 / dparallel + 1.0)   # 緯度網格線的數量

    # 繪製網格線
    gl = ax.gridlines(crs=ccrs.PlateCarree(),
                      xlocs=np.linspace(0.0, 360.0, num_merid),
                      ylocs=np.linspace(0.0, 90.0, num_parra),
                      linestyle="--", linewidth=1, color='k', alpha=0.5)

    # 建立圓形路徑用於設定影像邊界
    theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 120)
    verts = np.vstack([np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]).T
    center, radius = [0.5, 0.5], 0.5
    circle = mpath.Path(verts * radius + center)

    # 設定圖形邊界為圓形
    ax.set_boundary(circle, transform=ax.transAxes)

    # 設定標籤對齊方式
    va = 'center'  # 垂直對齊方式，選項有：'center', 'bottom', 'top'
    ha = 'center'  # 水平對齊方式，選項有：'right', 'left'

    # 設定度符號
    degree_symbol = u'\u00B0'

    # 繪製經度標籤
    lond = np.linspace(0, 360, num_merid)
    latd = np.zeros(len(lond))

    for alon, alat in zip(lond, latd):
        projx1, projy1 = ax.projection.transform_point(alon, alat, ccrs.Geodetic())
        if alon > 0 and alon < 180:
            ha = 'left'
            va = 'center'
        if alon > 180 and alon < 360:
            ha = 'right'
            va = 'center'
        if np.abs(alon - 180) < 0.01:
            ha = 'center'
            va = 'bottom'
        if alon == 0.:
            ha = 'center'
            va = 'top'
        if alon < 360.:
            txt = f' {int(alon)} ' + degree_symbol
            ax.text(projx1, projy1, txt, va=va, ha=ha, color='g')

    # 繪製緯度標籤（這裡選擇了經度315作為示例）
    lond2 = 315 * np.ones(len(lond))
    latd2 = np.linspace(0, 90, num_parra)

    va, ha = 'center', 'center'
    for alon, alat in zip(lond2, latd2):
        projx1, projy1 = ax.projection.transform_point(alon, alat, ccrs.Geodetic())
        txt = f' {int(alat)} ' + degree_symbol
        ax.text(projx1, projy1, txt, va=va, ha=ha, color='r')
    # 設定視窗標題
    fig.canvas.manager.set_window_title('北極區域極區投影地圖')
    # 顯示繪製的圖形
    plt.show()

# 呼叫函式繪製極區地圖
plot_polar_map(dmeridian=30.0, dparallel=15.0)
檢視繪製南極程式碼 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
import matplotlib.path as mpath


def plot_south_polar_map(dmeridian: float = 30.0,  # 經度網格線間隔
                         dparallel: float = 15.0):  # 緯度網格線間隔
    """
    繪製南極區域的極區投影地圖，並新增經緯度網格和標籤。

    引數：
        dmeridian (float): 經度網格線的間隔（單位：度），預設為30.0
        dparallel (float): 緯度網格線的間隔（單位：度），預設為15.0
    """
    # 建立圖形物件，設定尺寸為8x8英寸
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=[8, 8])

    # 設定南極區域的極區投影
    projection = ccrs.SouthPolarStereo()
    ax = plt.axes(projection=projection)

    # 繪製海岸線
    ax.coastlines(linewidths=0.5)

    # 新增陸地特徵，設定顏色為淺灰色
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND, facecolor='lightgray')

    # 設定顯示範圍，限制顯示區域為南極
    ax.set_extent([0, 360, -90, 0], ccrs.PlateCarree())

    # 計算經緯度網格線的數量
    num_merid = int(360.0 / dmeridian + 1.0)  # 經度網格線的數量
    num_parra = int(90.0 / dparallel + 1.0)  # 緯度網格線的數量

    # 繪製網格線
    gl = ax.gridlines(crs=ccrs.PlateCarree(),
                      xlocs=np.linspace(0.0, 360.0, num_merid),
                      ylocs=np.linspace(-90.0, 0.0, num_parra),
                      linestyle="--", linewidth=1, color='k', alpha=0.5)

    # 建立圓形路徑用於設定影像邊界
    theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 120)
    verts = np.vstack([np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]).T
    center, radius = [0.5, 0.5], 0.5
    circle = mpath.Path(verts * radius + center)

    # 設定圖形邊界為圓形
    ax.set_boundary(circle, transform=ax.transAxes)

    # 設定標籤對齊方式
    va = 'center'  # 垂直對齊方式，選項有：'center', 'bottom', 'top'
    ha = 'center'  # 水平對齊方式，選項有：'right', 'left'

    # 設定度符號
    degree_symbol = u'\u00B0'

    # 繪製經度標籤
    lond = np.linspace(0, 360, num_merid)
    latd = np.zeros(len(lond))

    for alon, alat in zip(lond, latd):
        projx1, projy1 = ax.projection.transform_point(alon, alat, ccrs.Geodetic())
        if alon > 0 and alon < 180:
            ha = 'left'
            va = 'center'
        if alon > 180 and alon < 360:
            ha = 'right'
            va = 'center'
        if np.abs(alon - 180) < 0.01:
            ha = 'center'
            va = 'bottom'
        if alon == 0.:
            ha = 'center'
            va = 'top'
        if alon < 360.:
            txt = f' {int(alon)} ' + degree_symbol
            ax.text(projx1, projy1, txt, va=va, ha=ha, color='g')

    # 繪製緯度標籤（這裡選擇了經度315作為示例）
    lond2 = 315 * np.ones(len(lond))
    latd2 = np.linspace(-90, 0, num_parra)

    va, ha = 'center', 'center'
    for alon, alat in zip(lond2, latd2):
        projx1, projy1 = ax.projection.transform_point(alon, alat, ccrs.Geodetic())
        txt = f' {int(alat)} ' + degree_symbol
        ax.text(projx1, projy1, txt, va=va, ha=ha, color='r')
    
    # 設定視窗標題
    fig.canvas.manager.set_window_title('南極區域極區投影地圖')
    # 顯示繪製的圖形
    plt.show()


# 呼叫函式繪製南極地圖
plot_south_polar_map(dmeridian=30.0, dparallel=15.0)

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