GeoServer中WMS、WFS的請求規範

jiym發表於2017-02-07
轉載自http://www.cnblogs.com/naaoveGIS/

1.背景

1.1WMS簡介

Web地圖服務(WMS)利用具有地理空間位置資訊的資料製作地圖。其中將地圖定義為地理資料可視的表現。這個規範定義了三個操作:GetCapabitities返回服務級後設資料,它是對服務資訊內容和要求引數的一種描述; GetMap返回一個地圖影像,其地理空間參考和大小引數是明確定義了的;GetFeatureInfo(可選)返回顯示在地圖上的某些特殊要素的資訊。

GeoServer官網上對其WMS規範的描述地址為http://docs.geoserver.org/stable/en/user/services/wms/index.html

1.2WFS簡介

Web要素服務(WFS)返回的是要素級的GML編碼,並提供對要素的增加、修改、刪除等事務操作,是對Web地圖服務的進一步深入。OGC Web要素服務允許客戶端從多個Web要素服務中取得使用地理標記語言(GML)編碼的地理空間資料,這個遠東定義了五個操作:GetCapabilites返回Web要素服務效能描述文件(用XML描述);DescribeFeatureType返回描述可以提供服務的任何要素結構的XML文件;GetFeature為一個獲取要素例項的請求提供服務;Transaction為事務請求提供服務;LockFeature處理在一個事務期間對一個或多個要素型別例項上鎖的請求。

GeoServer官網上對其WFS規範的描述地址為http://docs.geoserver.org/stable/en/user/services/wfs/index.html

2.WMS請求規範詳解

2.1GetCapabitities(返回服務級後設資料)

URL例子:

http://localhost:8680/geoserver/wms?service=wms&version=1.1.1&request=GetCapabilities

引數意義:

                       

返回結果:

其返回結果為一個描述性XML文件,包含了以下三個要素:

 

2.2GetMap(獲取影像)

URL例子:

http://localhost:8680/geoserver/urbanlayer/wms?LAYERS=urbanlayer%3ADIJI&STYLES=&FORMAT=image%2Fpng&SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetMap&SRS=EPSG%3A3857&BBOX=10008053.503544,5274522.8578226,10039584.01305,5292493.614536&WIDTH=579&HEIGHT=330

引數意義:

 

這裡對返回的格式(format)有如下選擇:

 

返回結果:

 

注意:此請求同樣支援XML格式請求,如下:

 

2.3GetFeatureInfo(返回要素資訊)

URL例子:

http://localhost:8680/geoserver/urbanlayer/wms?REQUEST=GetFeatureInfo&EXCEPTIONS=application%2Fvnd.ogc.se_xml&BBOX=10008053.503544%2C5274522.857823%2C10039584.01305%2C5292493.614536&SERVICE=WMS&INFO_FORMAT=text/plain&QUERY_LAYERS=urbanlayer%3ADIJI&FEATURE_COUNT=50&Layers=urbanlayer%3ADIJI&WIDTH=579&HEIGHT=330&format=image%2Fpng&styles=&srs=EPSG%3A3857&version=1.1.1&x=315&y=147

引數意義:

 

 這裡對返回的文字格式(info_format)有如下選擇:

 

返回結果(忽略中文亂碼):

   

 

3.WFS請求規範

3.1GetCapabilities(返回服務描述文件)

URL例子:

http://localhost:8680/geoserver/wfs?service=wfs&version=1.1.0&request=GetCapabilities

引數意義:

 

返回結果:

返回的結果為描述性XML,包含以下五個主要部分:

 

3.2DescribeFeatureType(返回圖層描述資訊)

URL例子:

http://localhost:8680/geoserver/urbanlayer/ows?service=wfs&version=1.0.0&request=DescribeFeatureType&typeName=DIJI

引數意義:

 

 返回結果:

 

3.3GetFeature(獲取圖層要素)

3.3.1GET查詢

這裡首先給出一個例子:

 

http://localhost:8080/eGovaGISV14//home/gis/proxy.htm?http://192.168.101.14/geoserver/urbanlayer/wfs?request=GetFeature&version=1.1.0&typename=jianfudanhistory&Filter=%3CFilter%20xmlns:ogc=%22http://www.opengis.net/ogc%22%20xmlns:gml=%22http://www.opengis.net/gml%22%3E%3CIntersects%3E%20%3CPropertyName%3Ethe_geom%3C/PropertyName%3E%20%3Cgml:Envelope%20srsName=%22EPSG:4326%22%3E%09%20%3Cgml:lowerCorner%3E120.1762573834964%2030.280899047851562%3C/gml:lowerCorner%3E%20%09%20%3Cgml:upperCorner%3E120.18999029365265%2030.294631958007812%3C/gml:upperCorner%3E%20%3C/gml:Envelope%3E%3C/Intersects%3E%3C/Filter%3E&outputformat=json

此請求常見的引數有:typeNames,featureID,propertyName,Filter, count, sortBy。其中Filter引數最為重要,主要負責進行選擇過濾。關於Filter的具體描述可參考:http://docs.geoserver.org/stable/en/user/filter/function.html

 返回結果為:

 {"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","id":"jianfudan.322","geometry":{"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[30.276436000822056,120.20021],[30.275750000822033,120.20021],[30.22768400082126,120.22562],[30.245537000821543,120.17343000000001],[30.276436000822056,120.20021]]]]},"geometry_name":"the_geom","properties":{"limitid":71,"displayorder":null,"regionid":3,"validfromdate":"2016-05-15Z","validtodate":"2016-06-14Z","validflag":1,"media":null,"shape_length":null,"shape_area":null,"graphicid":322,"regionname":"江乾區","eventtypes":null,"otherrequest":null,"limitname":"上報區域71"}},{"type":"Feature","id":"jianfudan.318","geometry":{"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[30.26407600082185,120.19668600000001],[30.26407600082185,120.196434],[30.262875000821833,120.20785],[30.24708200082157,120.203896],[30.255150000821704,120.187164],[30.26407600082185,120.19668600000001]]]]},"geometry_name":"the_geom","properties":{"limitid":72,"displayorder":null,"regionid":3,"validfromdate":"2016-05-04Z","validtodate":"2016-06-03Z","validflag":1,"media":"http://172.18.6.197:8081/MediaRoot/null/20160505/72/84989ee1-9bab-4640-8f24-4a7381f1c4e8/機票預訂.png","shape_length":null,"shape_area":null,"graphicid":318,"regionname":"江乾區","eventtypes":"亂搭亂建,暴露垃圾,積存垃圾渣土,路面不潔,河道不潔(含溝渠、湖面)","otherrequest":"測試","limitname":"上報區域72"}}],"crs":{"type":"EPSG","properties":{"code":"4490"}}}

3.3.1.1點查詢Filter

<Filter xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">

<Intersects>

<PropertyName>the_geom</PropertyName>

<gml:Envelope srsName="EPSG:4326">     

<gml:lowerCorner>120.15336460382575 30.2743621901609</gml:lowerCorner>

<gml:upperCorner>120.167097513982 30.28809510031715</gml:upperCorner>

</gml:Envelope>

</Intersects>

</Filter>

3.3.1.2自定義多邊形查詢Filter

<Filter xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">

<Intersects> 

<PropertyName>the_geom</PropertyName>

<gml:MultiPolygon srsName="EPSG:4326"> 

<gml:polygonMember> 

<gml:Polygon> 

<gml:outerBoundaryIs> 

<gml:LinearRing>

<gml:coordinates xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" decimal="." cs="," ts="">

120.15677,30.2557 120.15677,30.26351 120.16833,30.26351 120.16833,30.2557 120.15677,30.2557

</gml:coordinates>  

</gml:LinearRing>  

</gml:outerBoundaryIs>  

</gml:Polygon>  

</gml:polygonMember>  

</gml:MultiPolygon>

</Intersects>

</Filter>

 

3.3.2Post查詢

因為GET請求的資料量大小在4kb以內,所以Post為更常用的方法。以下為一個具體的例子:

 

其中直接傳送的為一個XML檔案,其Filter中可以填寫的內容和GET中的Filter一樣。

具體內容如下:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='GBK'?><wfs:GetFeature service='WFS' version='1.0.0' outputFormat='JSON'

xmlns:wfs='http://www.opengis.net/wfs'

xmlns:ogc='http://www.opengis.net/ogc'

xmlns:gml='http://www.opengis.net/gml' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.opengis.net/wfshttp://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd'>

<wfs:Query typeName='cell'>

<wfs:PropertyName>the_geom</wfs:PropertyName>

<wfs:PropertyName>test1</wfs:PropertyName>

<ogc:Filter>

<Or>

<PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyName>test1</PropertyName><Literal>valuetest1</Literal></PropertyIsEqualTo>

<PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyName>test2</PropertyName><Literal>valuetest2</Literal></PropertyIsEqualTo>

</Or>

</ogc:Filter>

</wfs:Query>

</wfs:GetFeature>

3.4 Transaction(編輯要素)

該方法支援對要素的增刪改。這裡直接給出Post請求中傳送的XML組織格式:

3.4.1新增要素

<wfs:Transaction service="WFS" version="1.0.0"   
       outputFormat="GML2"   
       xmlns:opengis="http://www.cetusOpengis.com"  
       xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs"  
       xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"  
       xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"  
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs   http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd">   
       <wfs:Insert handle="someprj1">
          <opengis:someprj>
             <opengis:the_geom>
                <gml:Point srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#3395" >
                             <gml:coordinates decimal="." cs="," ts="">13404701.212,3850391.781</gml:coordinates> 
                </gml:Point>
             </opengis:the_geom>
             <opengis:ssds>13</opengis:ssds>
             <opengis:qqybh>12</opengis:qqybh>
             <opengis:status>0</opengis:status>
          </opengis:someprj>
       </wfs:Insert>   
    </wfs:Transaction>

3.4.2修改要素

<wfs:Transaction service="WFS" version="1.0.0"   
       outputFormat="GML2"   
       xmlns:opengis="http://www.cetusOpengis.com"  
       xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs"  
       xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"  
       xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"  
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs   http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd">   
       <wfs:Update typeName="opengis:qqyproject"> 
     <wfs:Property>  
       <wfs:Name>qqybh</wfs:Name>
       <wfs:Value>12</wfs:Value>
     </wfs:Property>
      <ogc:Filter>    
      <ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
      <ogc:PropertyName>qqybh</ogc:PropertyName>
      <ogc:Literal>0</ogc:Literal>
      </ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo> 
     </ogc:Filter>    
       </wfs:Update>    
    </wfs:Transaction>

3.4.3刪除要素

<wfs:Transaction service="WFS" version="1.0.0"   
       outputFormat="GML2"   
       xmlns:opengis="http://www.cetusOpengis.com"  
       xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs"  
       xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"  
       xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"  
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs   http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd">   
       <wfs:Delete typeName="opengis:qqyproject"> 
      <ogc:Filter>    
      <ogc:PropertyIsLessThan>
      <ogc:PropertyName>qqybh</ogc:PropertyName>
      <ogc:Literal>12</ogc:Literal>
      </ogc:PropertyIsLessThan> 
      <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
      <ogc:PropertyName>qqybh</ogc:PropertyName>
      <ogc:Literal>0</ogc:Literal>
      </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan> 
     </ogc:Filter>    
       </wfs:Delete>    
    </wfs:Transaction>

4.總結

a.動態出圖可以使用WMS中的GetMap請求。

b.向量查詢可以使用WFS中的GetFeature請求。

c.要素編輯可以使用WFS中的Transaction請求。

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