Windows 下多版本 Python 共享 Poetry（qbit）

前言

技術棧

Windows 10
Python  3.8.10
Python  3.11.2
pip     23.0.1
pipx    1.2.0
poetry  1.4.1

Python 3.8 安裝目錄
```
C:\Python38
```
Python 3.11 安裝目錄
```
C:\Python311
```

安裝 poetry

設定將以下路徑加入 path 環境變數

C:\Python38
C:\Python38\Scripts
C:\Python311
C:\Python311\Scripts
C:\Users\qbit\.local\bin\

複製檔案

C:\Python38\python.exe -> C:\Python38\py38.exe 
C:\Python311\python.exe -> C:\Python38\py311.exe

設定 pip 國內映象源

py38 -m pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
py311 -m pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

升級 pip

py38 -m pip install pip --upgrade
py311 -m pip install pip --upgrade

安裝或升級 pipx

py38 -m pip install pipx --upgrade
py311 -m pip install pipx --upgrade

在 Python 3.11 下用 pipx 安裝 Poetry

py311 -m pipx install poetry --force -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

檢視安裝情況

> where poetry
c:\Users\qbit\.local\bin\poetry.exe
> poetry --version
Poetry (version 1.4.1)

設定將虛擬環境目錄放在專案內
```
poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true
```

測試多版本共享

測試 Python 3.11

建立空目錄 F:\tmp\test311，在裡面建立檔案 pyproject.toml，檔案內容如下：

[tool.poetry]
name = "test"
version = "0.1.0"
description = ""
authors = ["qbit"]
readme = "README.md"

[[tool.poetry.source]]
name = "aliyun"
url = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/"
default = true

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "^3.11"
requests = "~2.28.2"

[build-system]
requires = ["poetry-core"]
build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

建立虛擬環境並安裝第三方庫
```
poetry update -vv
```

檢視虛擬環境資訊

> poetry env info

Virtualenv
Python:         3.11.2
Implementation: CPython
Path:           F:\tmp\test311\.venv
Executable:     F:\tmp\test311\.venv\Scripts\python.exe
Valid:          True

System
Platform:   win32
OS:         nt
Python:     3.11.2
Path:       C:\Python311
Executable: C:\Python311\python.exe

測試 Python 3.8

建立空目錄 F:\tmp\test38，在裡面建立檔案 pyproject.toml，檔案內容如下：

[tool.poetry]
name = "test"
version = "0.1.0"
description = ""
authors = ["qbit"]
readme = "README.md"

[[tool.poetry.source]]
name = "aliyun"
url = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/"
default = true

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "^3.8"
requests = "~2.28.2"

[build-system]
requires = ["poetry-core"]
build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

切換 python 版本並建立虛擬環境
```
poetry env use C:\Python38\python.exe
```

檢視虛擬環境資訊

> poetry env info

Virtualenv
Python:         3.8.10
Implementation: CPython
Path:           F:\tmp\test38\.venv
Executable:     F:\tmp\test38\.venv\Scripts\python.exe
Valid:          True

System
Platform:   win32
OS:         nt
Python:     3.8.10
Path:       C:\Python38
Executable: C:\Python38\python.exe

安裝第三方庫
```
poetry update -vv
```

後記

如果報類似如下錯誤，部分包安裝不成功，可以 poetry shell 進入虛擬環境後用 pip 安裝報錯的包

_WheelFileValidationError
version.py is not mentioned in RECORD
In {self._zipfile.filename}, hash / size of {item.filename} didn't match RECORD

出現上面這個錯誤的原因是第三方包不夠規範，使得 poetry 在校驗的時候出錯。可以參考 installer: do not fail on invalid wheels, print only a warning

本文出自 qbit snap

Windows 下多版本 Python 共享 Poetry（qbit）

前言

安裝 poetry

測試多版本共享

測試 Python 3.11

測試 Python 3.8

後記

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