Entity Framework Core 中使用倉庫和工作單元事務，服務層和控制器

一个人走在路上發表於2024-10-13
Framework
  1. 定義實體
    首先定義一個實體，例如 Product：

public class Product
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public decimal Price { get; set; }
}
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2. 建立 DbContext
建立一個 DbContext 類：

public class AppDbContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet Products { get; set; }

public AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options) : base(options) { }

}
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3. 定義倉庫介面和實現
定義一個通用倉庫介面：

public interface IRepository where T : class
{
Task<IEnumerable> GetAllAsync();
Task GetByIdAsync(int id);
Task AddAsync(T entity);
Task UpdateAsync(T entity);
Task DeleteAsync(int id);
}
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實現該介面：

public class Repository : IRepository where T : class
{
private readonly AppDbContext _context;
private readonly DbSet _dbSet;

public Repository(AppDbContext context)
{
    _context = context;
    _dbSet = context.Set<T>();
}

public async Task<IEnumerable<T>> GetAllAsync() => await _dbSet.ToListAsync();
public async Task<T> GetByIdAsync(int id) => await _dbSet.FindAsync(id);
public async Task AddAsync(T entity) => await _dbSet.AddAsync(entity);
public async Task UpdateAsync(T entity) => _dbSet.Update(entity);
public async Task DeleteAsync(int id)
{
    var entity = await GetByIdAsync(id);
    _dbSet.Remove(entity);
}

}
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4. 定義工作單元介面和實現
定義工作單元介面：

public interface IUnitOfWork
{
Task SaveChangesAsync();
}
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實現工作單元：

public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork
{
private readonly AppDbContext _context;

public UnitOfWork(AppDbContext context)
{
    _context = context;
}

public async Task<int> SaveChangesAsync() => await _context.SaveChangesAsync();

}
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5. 建立服務層
建立服務層來處理業務邏輯：

public interface IProductService
{
Task<IEnumerable> GetAllProductsAsync();
Task GetProductByIdAsync(int id);
Task AddProductAsync(Product product);
Task UpdateProductAsync(Product product);
Task DeleteProductAsync(int id);
}

public class ProductService : IProductService
{
private readonly IRepository _productRepository;
private readonly IUnitOfWork _unitOfWork;

public ProductService(IRepository<Product> productRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)
{
    _productRepository = productRepository;
    _unitOfWork = unitOfWork;
}

public async Task<IEnumerable<Product>> GetAllProductsAsync() => await _productRepository.GetAllAsync();

public async Task<Product> GetProductByIdAsync(int id) => await _productRepository.GetByIdAsync(id);

public async Task AddProductAsync(Product product)
{
    await _productRepository.AddAsync(product);
    await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
}

public async Task UpdateProductAsync(Product product)
{
    await _productRepository.UpdateAsync(product);
    await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
}

public async Task DeleteProductAsync(int id)
{
    await _productRepository.DeleteAsync(id);
    await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
}

}
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6. 建立控制器
最後，建立一個控制器來處理 HTTP 請求：

[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ProductsController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly IProductService _productService;

public ProductsController(IProductService productService)
{
    _productService = productService;
}

[HttpGet]
public async Task<IActionResult> GetAll() => Ok(await _productService.GetAllProductsAsync());

[HttpGet("{id}")]
public async Task<IActionResult> GetById(int id) => Ok(await _productService.GetProductByIdAsync(id));

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Create(Product product)
{
    await _productService.AddProductAsync(product);
    return CreatedAtAction(nameof(GetById), new { id = product.Id }, product);
}

[HttpPut("{id}")]
public async Task<IActionResult> Update(int id, Product product)
{
    if (id != product.Id)
    {
        return BadRequest();
    }
    await _productService.UpdateProductAsync(product);
    return NoContent();
}

[HttpDelete("{id}")]
public async Task<IActionResult> Delete(int id)
{
    await _productService.DeleteProductAsync(id);
    return NoContent();
}

}
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7. 在 Startup.cs 中配置服務
最後，在 Startup.cs（或 Program.cs）中配置服務：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddDbContext(options => options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));
services.AddScoped(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>));
services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, UnitOfWork>();
services.AddScoped<IProductService, ProductService>();

services.AddControllers();

}
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透過以上步驟，你將可以在 ASP.NET Core 應用程式中實現一個基本的倉庫和工作單元模式，以及服務層和控制器的分離。這樣有助於保持程式碼的清晰和可維護性。

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